Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. · 2010
Researchers aimed to investigate cooperative effects of 872 MHz RF radiation and ferrous chloride on ROS production and DNA damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. They exposed the cells to 872 MHz RF radiation at 5 W/kg SAR using continuous wave or GSM-like modulated signals for 1 hour in ROS experiments and 3 hours in comet assay experiments. Chemical treatments with ferrous chloride produced statistically significant responses, but RF radiation alone or combined with chemicals did not affect ROS production, DNA damage, or cell viability.
O'Connor RP, Madison SD, Leveque P, Roderick HL, Bootman MD · 2010
Researchers used a high-throughput imaging platform to monitor calcium changes in cells exposed to 900 MHz GSM fields at specific absorption rates of 0.012–2 W/kg. The study examined resting calcium, agonist-evoked calcium signals, calcium store emptying, and store-operated calcium entry. GSM field data were compared with continuous wave fields and no-field controls. No changes in calcium signals were detected even at the highest field strengths, which exceeded typical phone exposure levels. The researchers concluded they could not detect any consequence of RF exposure under their experimental conditions.
Mohler E et al. · 2010
Researchers assessed self-reported sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness in a random sample of 1,375 residents of Basel, Switzerland. Environmental far-field RF EMF exposure was predicted for each individual using a validated prediction model, and mobile and cordless phone use were also considered. Multivariable regression models adjusted for confounders showed no association between far-field RF EMF exposure and sleep disturbances or excessive daytime sleepiness. The 10% most exposed participants had an estimated risk for sleep disturbances of 1.11 (95% CI: 0.50 to 2.44) and for excessive daytime sleepiness of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.31 to 1.05). Neither mobile phone use nor cordless phone use was associated with decreased sleep quality.
Hirose H et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed primary microglial cell cultures from neonatal rats to 1950 MHz W-CDMA RF fields at SARs of 0.2, 0.8, and 2.0 W/kg for 2 hours. The percentage of MHC class II positive cells, a marker of microglial activation, was similar between exposed and sham-exposed groups. No statistically significant differences were observed in MHC class II positive cells across any RF exposure group compared to sham controls. Cytokine production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 also showed no remarkable differences between exposed and sham groups.
Finnie JW, Cai Z, Manavis J, Helps S, Blumbergs PC · 2010
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz RF fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes or five days per week for 104 weeks. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving in cages, and positive controls received a stab wound. No increase in microglial Iba1 expression was found in exposed brains compared to controls, while positive controls showed substantial activation. Acute or two-year exposure did not produce microglial activation detectable by Iba1 immunostaining.
McIntosh RL et al. · 2010
Researchers developed detailed anatomical mouse models with 49 tissues for finite difference numerical analysis. The pregnant mouse model with eight mature fetuses was used to assess RF dosimetry in a radial cavity system at 900 MHz and a 900 MHz plane wave exposure. Fetal SAR levels were around 14% lower than the dam's average and peak temperature increase was 45% lower.
Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO · 2010
Sperm concentration dropped significantly in the phone group by week 8 compared to both control groups. Motile sperm percentage declined significantly after week 10 in the phone and stress groups, with a greater decline in the phone group. Seminiferous tubule diameter was significantly smaller in the phone group than in either control group.
Kelsh MA et al. · 2010
Researchers measured mobile phone RF power output using software-modified phones and a phantom head in a vehicle across urban, suburban, and rural routes. Technology was the strongest predictor of RF power output, with analog producing the highest levels and CDMA the lowest. RF power output was generally higher in rural areas. Software-modified phone readings correlated well with phantom measurements.
Joseph W, Verloock L. · 2010
The study compared mobile phone traffic patterns with radiofrequency exposure from base stations at five sites over seven days. Periods of high exposure matched periods of high traffic during each day. The researchers determined how long measurements must last to accurately estimate weekly maximum and average exposure. They found that required measurement periods can be very long, so they proposed a new calculation method using normalized traffic data.
Joseph W et al. · 2010
Heinrich S, Thomas S, Heumann C, von Kries R, Radon K. · 2010
A population-based cross-sectional study in Germany from 2006 to 2008 generated 24-hour exposure profiles for 1484 children and 1508 adolescents using personal dosimeters. Acute symptoms were assessed twice daily with a symptom diary, and only a few statistically significant associations were found, including higher headache intensity in adolescents with highest morning exposure at noon and higher irritation and concentration problem intensities at bedtime. The authors observed that the few significant results were not consistent over the two time points, could not be confirmed in the top 10% highest exposure group, and concluded the associations likely occurred by chance.
Fragopoulou AF, Koussoulakos SL, Margaritis LH. · 2010
Physically comparable pregnant mice were exposed to GSM 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation from a mobile phone. Within 5h after birth most pups were fixed and processed with double staining and paraffin histology, while other pups remained with their mothers until teeth eruption. Exposed newborns appeared normal externally, but histological examination revealed variations in cranial bone and rib ossification and displacement of Meckelian cartilage.
Angelone LM, Bit-Babik G, Chou CK. · 2010
Researchers performed a finite-difference time-domain simulation of a human head model with EEG electrodes and leads exposed to RF sources at 915 MHz and 1748 MHz. Whole-head and peak 10-g average SAR changed by less than 20% with leads present, and peak SAR values remained below ICNIRP and IEEE limits. However, a volumetric assessment revealed a two-order-of-magnitude increase in single-voxel power absorption in the epidermis and a 40-fold increase in the brain when metallic leads were used with a 915 MHz mobile phone.
Aksu R et al. · 2010
Researchers used 18 New Zealand rabbits divided into three groups, and ligated the left sciatic nerve in two groups. Pulsed radiofrequency was applied to the L5 and L6 dorsal roots of one group at 42°C for 8 minutes. Ten days after nerve ligation, both ligated groups showed lower responses to heat and mechanical stimuli compared with baseline, confirming neuropathic pain. In the PRF-treated group, responses to the hot plate test returned to baseline levels by two weeks and to mechanical stimuli by three weeks, while the untreated ligated group continued to show decreased responses at four weeks. The researchers concluded that pulsed radiofrequency reduced the hyperalgesia caused by neuropathic pain.
Akimoto S et al. · 2010
Researchers calculated SAR distribution in a fetus using a numerical model of a pregnant woman exposed to the near-field of a normal mode helical antenna at 150 MHz. Fetal SARs were greatly affected by the distance and penetration path from the antenna to the fetal surface and were lower than occupational RF safety guidelines.
Tomruk A, Guler G, Dincel AS. · 2010
Researchers exposed nonpregnant and pregnant New Zealand White rabbits to whole-body 1800 MHz GSM-like RF radiation for 15 minutes per day over one week. Liver 8-OHdG levels did not differ between exposed and control rabbits in either the adult or newborn groups. However, MDA and FOX levels were significantly higher in exposed adult rabbits, and FOX was also elevated in newborns of exposed mothers.
Thomas S, Heinrich S, von Kries R, Radon K · 2010
Researchers randomly selected 1,498 children and 1,524 adolescents from population registries in four Bavarian cities and measured their RF exposure over 24 hours with personal dosimeters. Mental health behaviour was assessed using the German version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Measured exposure in the highest quartile was associated with overall behavioural problems in adolescents but not in children. Exposure was associated with conduct problems in both children and adolescents.
Narayanan SN et al. · 2010
Healthy male albino Wistar rats were exposed to RF-EMR by giving 50 missed calls per day for 4 weeks with a GSM mobile phone in vibratory mode in the cage. Passive avoidance behaviour was significantly affected in exposed rats, shown as shorter entrance latency to the dark compartment compared to control rats. Marked morphological changes were observed in the CA3 region of the hippocampus of exposed rats compared to control rats. Mobile phone RF-EMR exposure significantly altered passive avoidance behaviour and hippocampal morphology in rats.
Maganioti AE et al. · 2010
Researchers examined P600 waveform activation patterns using principal component analysis and repeated measures ANOVA to test for RF and gender dependence. Event-related potentials were recorded from thirty-nine healthy subjects (20 male and 19 female) during an auditory memory task in the presence and absence of RF similar to that emitted by mobile phones. Both PCA and ANOVA showed that P600 activation occurs early and intensely in posterior electrodes, less intensely in central electrodes, and later with reduced intensity in anterior electrodes. In the absence of RF, female subjects had significantly lower amplitudes at anterior electrodes and earlier latencies at central electrodes than males, but these gender differences disappeared during RF exposure.
Tillmann T et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed mice to UMTS fields at 0, 4.8, and 48 W/m(2) for up to 24 months starting from embryo-fetal exposure, with the 4.8 W/m(2) group also receiving prenatal ethylnitrosourea at 40 mg ENU/kg body weight. The high-level UMTS exposure (48 W/m(2)) showed tumour incidences comparable to sham and cage control groups. Mice given ethylnitrosourea and exposed to 4.8 W/m(2) UMTS had higher lung tumour rates and more lung carcinomas than ethylnitrosourea-only controls. Lung carcinoma multiplicity increased and the number of metastasising lung tumours doubled in the combined exposure group.
Kim BC, Park SO. · 2010
Researchers measured human exposure to CDMA800 and CDMA1800 signals at 50 locations across Korea where the general public had expressed concern. Measurement positions were within approximately 32 to 422 m of the nearest base station at each site. The measured exposure levels were very low compared with the international standard and the Korean human protection notice, with the highest field level at 1.5 V/m.
Joseph W, Verloock L, Goeminne F, Vermeeren G, Martens L. · 2010
Researchers measured radiofrequency exposure from multiple sources, including LTE cellular base stations, at 30 locations in Stockholm, Sweden. LTE exposure levels reached up to 0.8 V/m, and the LTE signal accounted for an average of 4% of the total RF exposure measured. Total exposures ranged from 0.2 to 2.6 V/m and satisfied ICNIRP reference levels at every location.
Grigoriev YG et al. · 2010
Researchers replicated earlier Soviet studies from 1974 to 1991 that had examined immunological and reproductive effects of long-term low-level radiofrequency exposure in rats. Wistar rats were exposed in the far field to 2450 MHz continuous wave RF fields at an incident power density of 5 W/m² for 7 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 30 days, resulting in a whole-body SAR of 0.16 W/kg. The results partly confirmed the earlier findings and indicated possible effects from non-thermal RF exposure on autoimmune processes. A separate part of the study suggested possible adverse effects of blood serum from exposed rats on pregnancy and foetal development of intact rats, though the researchers noted that applying these results to exposure standards is limited.
Gerner C et al. · 2010
Researchers used proteome analysis to study whether low-intensity radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure could affect protein synthesis in cultured human cells. Four different cell types were exposed to 2 W/kg specific absorption rate, and autoradiography of 2D gel spots was used to measure changes in synthesis of individual proteins. An 8-hour exposure caused a significant increase in protein synthesis in Jurkat T-cells and human fibroblasts, and to a lesser extent in activated primary human mononuclear cells, while short-term exposure did not significantly alter the proteome. Quiescent, metabolically inactive mononuclear cells did not detectably respond to the exposure.
Frei P et al. · 2010
Researchers collected personal exposimeter measurements during one week and diary data from 166 study participants to evaluate different methods of assessing radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure. The mean personal exposure was 0.13 mW/m(2) when measurements during personal phone calls were excluded and 0.15 mW/m(2) when such measurements were included. Self-estimated exposure and geo-coded distance turned out to be poor surrogates for personal exposure.
