Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers used data from 55,507 pregnant women across four birth cohorts in Denmark, the Netherlands, Spain, and South Korea to examine associations between maternal cell-phone use and pregnancy outcomes. Exposure was categorized based on self-reported daily call frequency into none, low, intermediate, or high groups. The intermediate exposure group showed a higher risk of lower gestational age (hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07), and exposure-response trends were seen for shorter pregnancy duration and preterm birth. No associations were found with fetal growth or birth weight measures.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed honey bee queen larvae to radiation from a common mobile phone device (GSM band at 900 MHz) during all stages of pre-adult development including pupation. After 14 days of exposure, hatching of adult queens was assessed and mating success after a further 11 days. Mobile phone radiation significantly reduced the hatching ratio but not the mating success. When treated queens successfully mated, colony development was not adversely affected.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed mice to pulsed LTE 1846 MHz downlink signals from gestation day 13.5 to postnatal day 21 at SARs of 0.5 or 1 W/kg. Behavioral tracking measured locomotor, drinking, and feeding behavior in the home cage from 12 to 28 weeks of age. Exposure at 0.5 W/kg significantly decreased drinking frequency and distance moved compared to sham controls. Exposure at 1 W/kg significantly increased drinking frequency and moving duration compared to sham controls.
Unknown authors · 2019
Sharma A, Sharma S, Shrivastava S, Singhal PK, Shukla S · 2019
Researchers divided male Wistar rats into a control group and an experimental group of six rats each. The experimental group was exposed to 2100 MHz microwave radiation for 4 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 3 months. Exposure showed significant alterations in cholinesterase activity, muscular strength, learning ability, and anxiety. MWR exposure was also associated with significant alteration in the oxidative defense system and hippocampus degeneration. Histopathological observations showed neural degeneration.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers divided 24 male Wistar albino rats into four groups and exposed one group to 2100 MHz radiation for 30 minutes over a 90-day experiment. Subcutaneous melatonin was injected into a third group and given 40 minutes before radiation to a fourth group. Radiation caused neuronal edema, fewer neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3, Purkinje neuron displacement, and dark neurons. Radiation activated the NMDA-receptor 2B/Calpain-1/Caspase-12 pathway, and melatonin did not demonstrate protective effects.
Kim JH, Huh YH, Kim HR · 2019
Researchers exposed C57BL/6 mice to 835 MHz RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg SAR for 5 hours daily over 12 weeks. The number and size of synaptic vesicles in hypothalamic presynaptic terminals were significantly decreased. The density of docking and fusing synaptic vesicles in active zones was also significantly decreased. Expression levels of synapsin I/II, synaptotagmin 1, and calcium channels were significantly decreased in the hypothalamus. Tests of core body temperature, body weight, and buried pellet test revealed no significant phenotypical changes.
Unknown authors · 2019
Three-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, pseudo-exposed, and EMF groups, with the EMF group receiving a 900-MHz EMF for 1 hour per day for 25 days. Following exposure, behavioral tests were performed for seven days before the animals were euthanized and their brains removed. Brain sections were stained with toluidine blue and pyramidal neuron numbers in CA1, CA2-3, and hilus and granule neuron numbers in the dentate gyrus were estimated using optical fractionation. The EMF group showed statistically higher numbers of both pyramidal and granule neurons than the pseudo-exposed group, and histopathological examination revealed cytoplasmic disruption in those neurons.
Unknown authors · 2019
The study applied Monte Carlo simulation to data from the ExPOSURE study of 412 Australian primary school children. Multiple linear regression models found weak evidence of an association between mobile phone calls and cognitive function. Associations were observed for Go/No Go, Groton maze learning, and Stroop time ratio tasks. When uncertainty analysis was introduced, the results shifted closer to the null hypothesis.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers used high-throughput RNA sequencing to compare gene expression in E. coli DH5α exposed to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation and unexposed controls. The analysis identified 101 differentially expressed genes, with 52 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated. Quantitative RT-PCR of selected genes confirmed the sequencing results. Pathway analysis showed that flagellar assembly, chemotaxis, two-component systems, and metabolic pathways were affected.
Panagopoulos DJ · 2019
The study introduced a general method for classifying ancient documents to their writer. Two methods were developed: one comparing alphabet symbol realizations and another determining ideal symbol forms. Analysis of 26 Byzantine codices revealed they were written by only four distinct writers. The famous 'twin' manuscripts were confirmed to be written by the same hand.
Unknown authors · 2019
Twenty subjects underwent 30 minutes of acute cold exposure with blood drawn at baseline, during exposure, and two hours after. Acute cold exposure increased heart rate by 11%, shivering sensations fourfold, pain twofold, oxygen consumption by 50%, and energy expenditure by 52%. IL-1? rose 24% at 30 minutes and 65% at two hours post-exposure, alpha-2-macroglobin rose 16% at 30 minutes then returned to baseline, and HDL rose 15% at two hours. Sex differences were observed for IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, ferritin, alpha-2-macroglobin, and HDL.
Mildažienė V et al. · 2019
Cold plasma for 7 minutes and electromagnetic field for 15 minutes caused 19–24% faster germination in vitro and resulted in higher leaf weight for the electromagnetic field treatment. In substrate, vacuum and 15-minute electromagnetic field accelerated germination by 9% and 17% respectively. Vacuum decreased zeatin by 39%, cold plasma increased gibberellin content, and electromagnetic field reduced abscisic acid by 55–60%. Short exposures to electromagnetic field or cold plasma induced similar long-term changes in leaf protein expression, mainly stimulating photosynthetic proteins.
Del Re B, Bersani F, Giorgi G · 2019
Researchers aimed to determine whether radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure could affect repetitive DNA transcription. Three human cell lines (HeLa, BE(2)C, SH-SY5Y) were exposed to 900 MHz GSM-modulated RF-EMF at 1 W/kg or sham. After exposure, mRNA levels of repetitive DNA were measured by quantitative real-time PCR for Long Interspersed nucleotide Element 1, DNA alpha satellite, and Human Endogenous Retroviruses-like sequences. Exposure effects on transcription differed across the three cell lines, indicating effects depend on cellular context and tissue type.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed fresh onion roots to 2100 MHz electromagnetic fields for 1 hour and 4 hours and measured mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and DNA damage using the comet assay. After 4 hours of exposure, mitotic index and chromosomal aberration percentage increased significantly compared to controls. DNA damage was indicated by a significant decrease in head DNA and increase in tail DNA after 4 hours, while tail moment and olive tail moment did not change significantly. Post-exposure evaluation after 24 hours showed no significant recovery or change.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed fresh adventitious onion roots to continuous electromagnetic fields at 2350 MHz for one, two, or four hours. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through mitotic index, phase index, and chromosomal aberrations, while genotoxicity was assessed via comet assay measuring head DNA, tail DNA, tail moment, and olive tail moment. Mitotic index increased significantly after four hours and chromosomal aberrations increased after two hours or more, while phase index showed no specific changes. Head DNA and tail DNA percentages changed significantly after two and four hours respectively, but tail moment and olive tail moment did not change significantly.
Unknown authors · 2019
The study evaluated genotoxic effects of 123.90 kHz and 250.80 kHz intermediate frequency magnetic fields on canine and human blood. Blood samples were exposed at 630 A/m (0.79 mT) and 80 A/m (0.10 mT) for durations of 1-5 hours, 20 hours, and 24 hours. The alkaline comet assay was used to assess genotoxicity. A statistically significant increase in DNA damage was detected only after 20 hours of exposure.
Yahyazadeh A et al. · 2019
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar albino rats to electromagnetic field radiation for 60 minutes per day for 28 days and assessed spinal cords using stereological, biochemical, and histological methods. The electromagnetic field group had fewer motor neurons and higher superoxide dismutase levels than the control group. Thymoquinone treatment increased motor neuron numbers and decreased superoxide dismutase activity compared to the electromagnetic field group.
Unknown authors · 2019
Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, EMF, luteolin, and EMF + luteolin. EMF exposure reduced Leydig cells, primary spermatocytes, and spermatids, increased SOD activity, and decreased testis wet weight and serum testosterone. Luteolin treatment increased those cell counts, restored testis weight and testosterone, and decreased SOD activity compared with EMF alone.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed three groups of rats to 1,800-MHz EMF for 6, 12, or 24 hours daily for 20 days during prenatal development. On postnatal day 60, liver tissue and blood were analyzed for biochemical and histological changes. Exposed groups showed significantly higher malondialdehyde levels and lower glutathione levels compared to controls. Serum calcium, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase were elevated, while liver tissue total oxidant status increased and total antioxidant status decreased. Histology revealed extensive vacuolation and degeneration of hepatocytes, and the authors concluded that intrauterine liver damage persists into puberty.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to 900 MHz EMF for 2 hours daily over 8 weeks and measured effects on male reproductive parameters. EMF exposure significantly decreased sperm count, viability and motility and increased sperm deformities. EMF-exposed rats showed significant reductions in serum inhibin B and testosterone along with elevated activin A, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol concentrations. Testicular StAR protein, c-kit mRNA expression, and activities of 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were significantly attenuated after EMF exposure. Spermine administered at 2.5 mg/Kg/day intraperitoneally for 8 weeks prevented EMF-induced alterations in sperm and hormone profiles, StAR and c-kit expression, and androgenic enzyme activities.
Qin F, Shen T, Cao H, Qian J, Zou D, Ye M, Pei H · 2019
Researchers examined the potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles to protect testosterone synthesis in primary mouse Leydig cells during exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency radiation in vitro. The optimum concentration of CeO2NPs for cell proliferation was determined to be 128 μg/mL. Cells exposed to RF alone showed reduced testosterone, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase activity, increased malondialdehyde content, and downregulated expression of Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd-3β, Clock, Bmal1, and Rorα genes. Pretreatment with 128 μg/mL CeO2NPs for 24 hours followed by RF exposure significantly increased testosterone synthesis, upregulated testosterone synthase and clock gene expression, and increased resistance to oxidative damage compared to RF exposure alone.
Unknown authors · 2019
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers isolated preantral follicles from 16 to 18 day-old NMRI mice and divided them into control and cell phone-exposed groups, culturing them for 12 days. Follicle diameters and rates of survival, antrum formation, ovulation, and metaphase II oocytes were all significantly lower in the cell phone-exposed group. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPX, and CAT) and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in exposed follicles, while MDA levels were significantly higher.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed type 2 diabetic rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation from a GSM antenna for 24 hours per day over 28 days. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of twelve: control rats, normal rats exposed to radiation, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats exposed to radiation. Radiation exposure nonsignificantly reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in diabetic rats compared to unexposed diabetic rats. Radiation exposure increased hepatic malondialdehyde and Nrf-2 levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities but decreased phosphorylated Akt-2 in diabetic rats.
