D'Silva MH, Swer RT, Anbalagan J, Rajesh B. · 2017
Fertilized chick embryos were incubated in four groups: 2G exposed (60 eggs), 3G exposed (60 eggs), sham exposed control (60 eggs), and control (48 eggs). After the scheduled exposure duration, embryos were collected for histological analysis of liver structure and alkaline comet assay for DNA damage. Exposure of developing chick embryos to 2G and 3G cell phone radiations caused structural changes in liver including dilated sinusoidal spaces with haemorrhage, increased vacuolations in cytoplasm, increased nuclear diameter and karyorrhexis. DNA damage was significantly increased in embryos exposed to 2G and 3G radiation. The changes were more pronounced in the 3G experimental group.
de Oliveira FM, Carmona AM2 Ladeira C. · 2017
To test whether mobile phone-associated EMF exposure affects micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells, the researchers obtained cell smears from the left and right inner cheeks of 86 healthy mobile phone users aged 18-30 who completed a characterization survey. No relationship was observed between micronucleus frequency and duration of mobile phone use in daily calls. Cells on the same side as phone use did not show a statistically significantly higher micronucleus frequency compared to cells on the opposite side. A highly statistically significant increase in micronucleus frequency was found in subjects reporting regular exposure to genotoxic agents.
Das S, Chakraborty S, Mahanta B. · 2017
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study among medical students who had used mobile phones for the past 5 years. They assessed the effect of mobile phones on pure tone audiometry thresholds in the exposed ear and the non-exposed ear. The study found a significant difference in average air conduction and bone conduction hearing thresholds between the exposed and non-exposed ears. A significant rise in both air and bone conduction thresholds at individual frequencies between the exposed and non-exposed ears was also noted.
Crabtree DPE, Herrera BJ, Kang S. · 2017
The study aimed to investigate the response of human bacteria to static magnetic field and radiofrequency electromagnetic field. Researchers investigated the response of both laboratory culture strains and isolates of skin bacteria under static magnetic field (SMF) and RF-EMF. Growth patterns of laboratory cultures of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis under SMF were variable per different species. Bacterial isolates of skin microbiota from 4 subjects with different cell phone usage history also showed inconsistent growth responses.
Çetkin M, Demirel C, Kızılkan N, Aksoy N, Erbağcı H. · 2017
Researchers used 32 male Wistar albino rats divided into control, sham, mobile phone speech (2h/day) and standby (12h/day) groups. The speech and standby groups were exposed to the EMF for a total of 10 weeks. Serum iron and ferritin did not differ significantly between exposed and control groups. Unsaturated iron binding capacity and total iron binding capacity were significantly lower in exposed groups compared to controls.
Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2017
The authors evaluated glioma risk from mobile and cordless phone use using Bradford Hill's viewpoints. All nine viewpoints were evaluated based on epidemiology and laboratory studies. A meta-analysis of case-control studies found an odds ratio of 1.90 (95% CI 1.31-2.76) with highest cumulative exposure. Risk increased with latency, with an OR of 1.62 (95% CI 1.20-2.19) for 10+ years latency. Highest risk was in the 20+ years latency group, OR 2.01 (95% CI 1.41-2.88) for wireless phones.
Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. · 2017
Researchers exposed malignant cell lines to the Thomas-EMF pattern for one hour per day and observed inhibited cell growth. The same exposure did not alter growth of non-malignant cells. The anti-proliferative effect was mediated by cAMP and ERK signaling pathways. Exposure transiently altered cellular cAMP levels and promoted ERK phosphorylation in malignant cells.
Birks L et al. · 2017
Researchers analyzed data from 83,884 mother-child pairs across five birth cohorts in Denmark, Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, and Spain. They categorized maternal cell phone use during pregnancy into none, low, medium, and high based on call frequency reported by mothers. Child behavioral problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire or Child Behavior Checklist at ages 5–7 years. A trend of increasing risk of hyperactivity/inattention problems was observed across cell phone use categories, with odds ratios of 1.11 for medium users and 1.28 for high users. The association was consistent across cohorts and between prospective and retrospective data collection methods.
Bhatt CR et al. · 2017
Bayat M, Hemati S, Soleimani-Estyar R, Shahin-Jafari A. · 2017
Exposed mice showed 1.5-day and 3.7-day delays in wound healing at stage two. Exposed mice also had higher yeast loads in skin lesions at days 5, 7 and 9 and were more likely to die after systemic Candida challenge, with higher kidney yeast counts.
Aslan A, İkinci A, Baş O, Sönmez OF, Kaya H, Odacı E. · 2017
Researchers used three groups of six 21-day-old male rats, including an unexposed control, a sham-exposed group, and a group exposed to 900 MHz EMF for one hour daily from postnatal day 21 to 46. The EMF-exposed group had significantly fewer Purkinje cells than both the control and sham groups. Histopathological examination also showed altered Purkinje cell arrangement and intense cytoplasmic staining in the exposed rats.
Altuntas G et al. · 2017
The study was a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial involving 30 emergency physicians randomly assigned to two groups. The control group held a mobile phone in 'off' mode to their left ear for 15 minutes, while the intervention group held a phone in 'on' mode, exposing them to 900-1800 MHz electromagnetic waves for the same period. Total performance, total figures marked, percentile, and attention fluctuation did not differ between groups, but the intervention group missed fewer figures, made fewer incorrect marks, and showed better focus.
Aerts S, Wiart J, Martens L, Joseph W. · 2017
The study aimed to assess long-term spatio-temporal radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. Researchers analyzed more than a year of measurement data from a fixed low-cost exposimeter network in an urban environment to build a full spatio-temporal surrogate model of outdoor exposure to downlink GSM and UMTS signals. They found that accounting for the hour and day of measurement improved the surrogate model's accuracy by up to 50% compared to models that neglect daily temporal variability.
Zheng Y, Ma W, Dong L, Dou JR, Gao Y, Xue J. · 2017
Researchers studied the influence of on-line ELF-EMF stimulation on electrophysiological properties of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro. Modeling data and actual measurements showed similar magnetic flux densities from the stimulation coils. The stimulator induced sodium channel currents and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the neurons. Computational simulations in COMSOL modeling described the uniformity of the on-line magnetic field distribution.
Zhen J, Qian Y, Fu J, Su R, An H, Wang W , Zheng Y, Wang X. · 2017
Researchers investigated the effect of deep brain magnetic stimulation on spatial learning and memory, neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and cholinergic system expression and activity in a transgenic 5XFAD mouse model. Deep brain magnetic stimulation improved spatial learning and memory, enhanced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, raised acetylcholine levels, and prevented increased acetylcholinesterase activity and decreased acetyltransferase activity in the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice. The authors concluded that deep brain magnetic stimulation may be a promising noninvasive tool for treating and preventing Alzheimer's disease cognitive impairment by promoting neurogenesis and enhancing cholinergic function.
Sakhaie MH et al. · 2017
ELF-EMF exposure enhanced spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze test. ELF-EMF significantly increased BrdU+ and NeuN+ cells in the dentate gyrus. Western blot showed NeuroD2 upregulation in ELF-EMF-exposed mice versus the TMT-treated group.
Koeman T et al. · 2017
Researchers conducted a case-cohort analysis within the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, following men and women aged 55-69 at enrolment in 1986 for 17.3 years on ALS mortality. Occupational exposure to solvents, pesticides, metals, extremely low frequency magnetic fields, and electrical shocks was estimated using job exposure matrices. Occupational exposure to ELF-MF showed a possible association with ALS mortality among men, with a hazard ratio of 2.19 for ever holding a high-exposure job and 1.93 for the highest cumulative exposure tertile.
Haghighat N, Abdolmaleki P, Parnian J, Behmanesh M. · 2017
Dileone M et al. · 2017
Researchers performed a randomized double-blind sham-controlled cross-over study applying tSMS for 10 minutes to the more affected motor cortex of Parkinson's disease patients. Cortical excitability was measured by motor evoked potential amplitude elicited by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. tSMS significantly decreased MEP amplitudes in patients off dopaminergic medication but not in patients on levodopa. Between-patient variability of tSMS-induced changes was significantly greater when patients were on medication. Greater disease progression was associated with a switch from inhibitory to facilitatory plasticity on medication.
Clarke D et al. · 2017
Researchers tested four different repetitive magnetic stimulation frequencies on primary neonatal astrocyte cultures and measured calcium responses. Only 1 Hz stimulation produced a statistically significant rise in intracellular calcium in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. This calcium increase did not change astrocyte migration or proliferation in a scratch assay. However, 1 Hz stimulation reduced astrocyte hypertrophy 24 hours after scratch injury. The authors concluded that the results provide preliminary evidence that repetitive magnetic stimulation can influence astrocyte physiology.
Carrasco-López C et al. · 2017
Researchers used noninvasive brain stimulation to modulate cortical network dynamics during neurophysiological and behavioral recordings. Parietal tSMS enhanced detection of near-threshold somatosensory stimuli. The improvement reflected decreased habituation to somatosensation. tSMS increased alpha oscillatory power without significantly affecting the early cortical component of somatosensory evoked potentials.
Zothansiama, Zosangzuali M, Lalramdinpuii M, Jagetia GC. · 2017
The study compared 40 individuals living within 80 meters of mobile phone base stations with a control group living 300 meters away, matched for age, gender, diet, smoking, alcohol, and mobile phone use. Radiofrequency power density was significantly higher in the exposed group. The exposed group showed a significantly higher frequency of micronuclei. Plasma antioxidants glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced, and lipid peroxidation was increased in the exposed group. Multiple linear regression showed that higher RF power density was associated with lower antioxidant levels, higher micronuclei frequency, and higher lipid peroxidation.
Varghese R, Majumdar A, Kumar G, Shukla A. · 2017
Researchers exposed female Sprague Dawley rats to 2.45GHz radiation for 4 hours per day for 45 days and assessed behavioral and oxidative stress parameters. Exposed rats exhibited memory decline and anxiety behavior in the Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and light-dark box tests. Radiation exposure decreased brain antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione, increased lipid peroxidation, and increased the apoptotic marker caspase 3, while histopathological examination and TNF-α levels showed no significant changes.
Türedi S, Kerimoğlu G, Mercantepe T, Odacı E. · 2017
Malondialdehyde levels increased in the EMF group compared to both control and sham groups in kidney and bladder tissues, while catalase and glutathione levels decreased. Kidney tissue in the EMF group showed dilatation and vacuolization in tubules, glomerular degeneration, and increased apoptotic cells. Bladder tissue in the EMF group showed degeneration in the transitional epithelium, stromal irregularity, and increased apoptotic cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed glomerular capillary degeneration with capillary basement membranes in the EMF group.
Shahin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. · 2017
Researchers investigated long-term effects of 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation in stand-by, dialing, and receiving modes on female reproductive function and stress responses in mice. Exposure significantly elevated ROS, NO, lipid peroxidation, total carbonyl content, and serum corticosterone while decreasing antioxidant enzymes in the hypothalamus, ovary, and uterus. Exposed mice showed reduced developing and mature follicles and corpus lutea, along with decreased pituitary gonadotrophins, sex steroids, and expression of steroidogenic and estrogen receptor genes.
