Pandey N, Giri S, Das S, Upadhaya P. · 2017
Swiss albino mice were exposed to 900 MHz RFR for 4 hours and 8 hours per day for 35 days, with one group terminated after exposure and another kept for an additional 35 days post-exposure. RFR exposure caused mitochondrial membrane depolarization and redox imbalance, along with statistically significant increases in DNA damage index and sperm head defects. Flow cytometry showed a 2.5-fold increase in spermatogonia and decreased spermatids, with reduced turnover ratios indicating premeiotic arrest and low sperm count. Histological alterations included sloughing of immature germ cells, epithelium depletion, and maturation arrest, but all changes showed recovery to varied degrees after the post-exposure period.
Oyewopo AO, Olaniyi SK, Oyewopo CI, Jimoh AT. · 2017
Researchers randomly assigned adult male Wistar rats to a control group, a sham exposure group, and groups exposed to cell phone radiation for 1, 2, or 3 hours over a 28-day period. Histomorphometry showed no significant change in germinal epithelial diameter or cross-sectional diameter in any exposure group compared with controls. Group D showed a significantly smaller lumen diameter than Group B, and all exposure groups showed uneven germinal epithelial distribution with epithelial degeneration in Group D. Sera malondialdehyde increased and superoxide dismutase decreased in all exposure groups, while follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone decreased significantly in groups C and D.
Othman H, Ammari M , Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2017
Animals were divided into four groups: control, WiFi-exposed, restrained, and both WiFi-exposed and restrained, with each exposure occurring 2 h per day for 20 days. Tests included anxiety in the elevated plus maze, spatial learning in the water maze, cerebral oxidative stress response, and cholinesterase activity in brain and serum. WiFi exposure and restraint stress, alone and especially combined, induced anxiety-like behavior without impairing spatial learning and memory abilities. An oxidative stress response was triggered by WiFi and restraint, per se and especially when combined, as well as a WiFi-induced increase in acetylcholinesterase activity. There were no synergistic effects between WiFi signal and restraint stress on the brain.
Othman H et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to a 2.45 GHz WiFi signal for two hours daily throughout gestation. Offspring were assessed for physical and neurodevelopment during the first 17 postnatal days, anxiety at 28 days, motor behavior at 40-43 days, and cerebral oxidative stress and cholinesterase activity at 28 and 43 days. Prenatal WiFi exposure impaired early neurodevelopment but did not alter emotional or motor behavior in adulthood. It also increased oxidative stress markers and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities at 28 days but not at 43 days, and affected acetylcholinesterase activity in brain and serum.
Mortazavi SMJ et al. · 2017
Researchers divided 50 rats into five groups and pre-exposed three groups to 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 4 hours daily over one week at low, medium, and high power. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, the rats were given a 4 Gy sublethal gamma radiation dose and sacrificed after 5 hours. Pre-exposure increased glutathione levels and glutathione reductase activity in liver, with glutathione increases only in the low power group and glutathione reductase activity increases in both low and medium power groups. The elevated antioxidant levels protected liver tissue from oxidative damage induced by the gamma radiation.
Kulaber A, Kerimoğlu G, Ersöz Ş, Çolakoğlu S, Odacı E. · 2017
Researchers exposed male rats to 900 MHz EMF for 1 h/day on postnatal days 22–59. Malondialdehyde levels increased in the EMF group compared to the other groups. Extravascular erythrocytes were observed in the medullary and corticomedullary regions of the thymus in exposed rats.
Gulati S, Yadav A, Kumar N, Priya K, Aggarwal NK, Gupta R. · 2017
Researchers examined superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, catalase enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and functional polymorphisms of SOD and CAT antioxidant genes in a human population exposed to mobile tower radiation. Exposed subjects showed significantly lower manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities and higher lipid peroxidation than control subjects. Polymorphisms in the MnSOD and CAT genes significantly contributed to the observed phenotype.
Chandel S, Kaur S, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK · 2017
Researchers exposed onion roots to 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiation for 1, 2, and 4 hours in a single day. The exposure increased levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion, indicating oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase showed increased activity in response.
Miliša M, Đikić D, Mandić T, Grozić D, Čolić I, Ostojić A · 2017
Researchers exposed cultured protist species Euglena viridis and Paramecium caudatum to electric fields for 24 hours using a plate capacitor that produced field strengths found near transmission lines. Short-term exposure to low strength electric fields caused changes in population abundance, morphology, and oxidative stress response in both species. As electric field strength increased, the abundance of both species decreased, while at weaker fields fission rates were seemingly promoted. Organisms exposed to stronger electric fields showed decreased size perpendicular to their fission planes and higher DHE and H2DCF fluorescence intensity and superoxide dismutase activity.
Kuzay D, Ozer C, Sirav B, Canseven AG, Seyhan N · 2017
Wistar male rats were divided into 10 groups. Intraperitoneal single dose STZ (65 mg/kg) dissolved in citrate buffer (0.1M (pH 4.5)) was injected to diabetes groups. ELF MFs and RF radiation were used as an electromagnetic exposure for 20 min/day, 5 days/week for one month. ELF and RF radiation resulted in an increase in testicular tissue MDA and NOX levels (p < 0.05), and caused a decrease in GSH levels (p < 0.05) in both healthy and diabetic rats, yet more distinctively in diabetic rats.
Ehnert S et al. · 2017
The study investigated how ELF-PEMF exposure modulates human osteoblast function via reactive oxygen species. Single ELF-PEMF exposure induced ROS production in human osteoblasts without reducing intracellular glutathione. Repetitive exposure more than three times reduced ROS levels, suggesting changes in the antioxidative stress response. The researchers concluded that ELF-PEMF treatment favors differentiation of human osteoblasts by producing non-toxic ROS that induce antioxidative defense mechanisms.
Bodera P et al. · 2017
Researchers evaluated the effect of repeated 1800 MHz RFR exposure (5 times for 15 min) on NMDA-NR1 expression in rat brains in a persistent inflammatory state. They also measured the effect of RFR combined with tramadol to determine its potential antioxidant capacity. No differences in NMDA-NR1 expression were observed between baseline and RFR-exposed groups. NMDA-NR1 expression decreased after CFA injection combined with RFR exposure, while elevated expression was observed in healthy control rats exposed to RFR with or without tramadol. ORAC assessment revealed a robust effect of RFR, but other experiments showed equivocal effects.
Xu F et al. · 2017
Sharma A, Kesari KK, Saxena VK, Sisodia R. · 2017
Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2017
Researchers randomly assigned 24 pregnant albino Wistar rats to four groups: control, WiFi-exposed, restrained, and both WiFi-exposed and restrained. Each WiFi exposure and restraint session lasted 2 hours per day throughout gestation until parturition. Prenatal WiFi exposure and restraint, separately and especially combined, adversely affected offspring physical development, neuromotor maturation, adult emotional responses, motor and exploratory behavior, brain oxidative stress, and serum biochemistry, with most impacts depending on offspring gender.
Hassanshahi A et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed 80 male Wistar rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 30 days at 12 hours per day. Exposed rats could not discriminate between novel and familiar objects in standard, tactile, visual, and cross-modal object recognition tests. M1 receptor expression increased after Wi-Fi exposure. The researchers concluded that chronic Wi-Fi exposure might impair both unimodal and cross-modal information encoding.
Gökçek-Saraç Ç et al. · 2017
Rats were exposed to 900 and 2100 MHz RF-EMR for 2 h/day for either 1 week (acute) or 10 weeks (chronic). The study measured hippocampal levels and activity of PKA, CaMKIIα, CREB, and p44/42 MAPK from NMDAR-related signaling pathways using Western blotting and activity assays. Chronic exposure produced significantly higher enzyme levels than acute exposure at both frequencies, and 2100 MHz exposure produced higher levels than 900 MHz in both acute and chronic groups.
Deniz OG et al. · 2017
Researchers studied 60 healthy female medical students divided into low (<30 min daily) and high (>90 min daily) mobile phone exposure groups. Hippocampal volume and metabolite levels did not differ significantly between groups. However, the high exposure group performed significantly worse on Stroop and digit span backward tests of attention.
Sagar S et al. · 2017
Zhang KY et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-1 cells to a 1950 MHz RF field at 3 W/kg SAR for 24 hours with or without 6 Gy X-ray irradiation. RF exposure alone did not change cell proliferation or apoptosis levels. When combined with X-ray, RF exposure significantly decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic rate compared to X-ray alone. The combined exposure also significantly decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and increased Bax protein expression.
Vlasova II et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed whole blood to millimeter-wave radiation at 32.9-39.6 GHz and 100 W/m² for 15 minutes and measured neutrophil oxidant production and morphofunctional changes. Neutrophil response to opsonized zymosan and E. coli was intensified after radiation exposure, while neutrophils remained intact without agonist addition. Similar enhancement occurred with isolated neutrophils in plasma, and heating was identified as the primary mechanism for increased oxidant production.
Sun Y, Zong L, Gao Z, Zhu S, Tong J, Cao Y · 2017
Researchers exposed HL-60 human leukemia cells to continuous 900MHz radiofrequency fields at 120μW/cm² for 4 hours per day over 5 consecutive days. Exposed cells had significantly increased reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial transcription factor A, mtDNA polymerase gamma, mtDNA transcripts, and mtDNA copy number compared to sham-exposed controls. Exposed cells also showed a significant increase in the oxidative damage marker 8-OHdG and a significant decrease in ATP. Pretreating cells with melatonin, a free radical scavenger, reversed the effects seen in RF-exposed cells.
Roser K et al. · 2017
Researchers measured personal RF-EMF exposure in 90 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years using a portable ExpoM-RF device across 13 frequency bands from 470 to 3600 MHz for three consecutive days with a time-activity diary. Mobile phones contributed 67.2% and mobile phone base stations contributed 19.8% of total personal RF-EMF measurements averaging 63.2 μW/m² (0.15 V/m). WLAN at school and home accounted for 3.5% of total personal measurements. Environmental sources contributed on average 6.0% to the brain dose and 9.0% to the whole-body dose according to dose calculations.
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. · 2017
Marjanovic Cermak AM, Pavicic I, Trosic I · 2017
Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 10, 30, and 60 minutes at an electric field strength of 30 V m-1 and a specific absorption rate of 1.6 W kg-1. Cell viability remained within normal physiological values after radiation exposure. Significantly higher ROS levels were observed at every radiation exposure time tested. After 60 minutes of exposure, the radiation caused significant lipid and protein damage. The highest glutathione concentration was detected after 10 minutes of exposure.
