Lameth J et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether a 2-hour head-only exposure to GSM-1800 MHz could affect a neuroinflammatory reaction triggered by lipopolysaccharide in 2-week-old or adult rats. In developing rats, 24 hours after exposure, cortical interleukin-1β and NOX2 NADPH oxidase transcripts were reduced by 50 to 60% compared with sham-exposed animals. Adult rats showed a 50% reduction in IL1β mRNA but no NOX2 suppression and displayed a significant growth response of microglial cell processes. GSM exposure decreased phosphorylation at two residues on the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit (serine 831 and 845). The changes in gene expression, microglia, and GluA1 phosphorylation did not persist 72 hours after exposure and were absent without LPS pretreatment.
Kumari K et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed mice to 7.5 kHz magnetic fields at 12 or 120 μT for 5 weeks. No effects were seen on body weight, spontaneous activity, motor coordination, anxiety, or aggression. In the Morris swim task, the 120 μT group showed a less steep learning curve than other groups. The passive avoidance task revealed a clear memory impairment over 48 hours in the 120 μT group. Hippocampal astroglial activation and neurogenesis were unchanged, while tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA increased significantly in the 120 μT group.
Kim JH et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed C57BL/6 mice to 835 MHz RF-EMF at an SAR of 4.0 W/kg for 12 weeks, then analyzed the hippocampus and brain stem. Several autophagic genes were significantly upregulated only in the hippocampus and not in the brain stem. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in the hippocampal neurons of exposed mice.
Kim JH, Kim HJ, Yu DH, Kweon HS, Huh YH, Kim HR. · 2017
Researchers studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure on synaptic vesicles in the cortical neurons of mice. C57 BL/6 mice were exposed to 835 MHz RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg SAR for 5 hours daily. The density of synaptic vesicles was significantly decreased in the presynaptic boutons of cortical neurons after exposure. The expression of synapsins I/II genes and proteins was also significantly decreased in exposed mice.
Kim HS et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to a 915 MHz radiofrequency identification signal at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg for 8 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks. The number of red blood cells and values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell indices were increased in the RFID-exposed group compared with the cage-control and sham-exposed groups. The number of white blood cells, including lymphocytes, was decreased in RFID-exposed rats, though T-cell counts and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio showed no statistically significant difference between sham-exposed and RFID-exposed groups. The researchers noted that these changes do not necessarily indicate that RFID exposure is harmful, as they were within the normal physiological response range.
Hedendahl LK, Carlberg M, Koppel T, Hardell L. · 2017
Eighteen teachers from seven schools carried a body-borne exposimeter in school to measure radiofrequency radiation exposure. The mean exposure to RF radiation ranged from 1.1 to 66.1 µW/m² across the schools. The highest mean level recorded was 396.6 µW/m² during 5 minutes of a lesson when the teacher let students stream and watch YouTube videos.
Gevrek F. · 2017
Rats were divided into three groups — Control, EMR, and EMR+Egb761 — and the EMR groups were exposed to cellphone radiation at 0.96 W/kg SAR for one month. In the EMR group, apoptotic proteins (Bax, Acas-3) increased and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased, along with a reduction in total granule and pyramidal cell counts. Rats that also received Egb761 showed decreased Bax and Acas-3, increased Bcl-2, fewer TUNEL-stained apoptotic cells, and a higher total viable cell number.
Calabrò E, Magazù S. · 2017
Researchers studied the effects of mobile phone electromagnetic waves on the Amide I and Amide II vibration bands of proteins in bidistilled water solution, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Fourier self-deconvolution analysis. The proteins used were hemoglobin, myoglobin, bovine serum albumin, and lysozyme. The Amide I band increased significantly (p < 0.05) after 4 h of exposure, while the Amide II band did not change significantly.
Al-Serori H et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether UMTS radiofrequency signals cause micronucleus formation and other anomalies such as nuclear buds and nucleoplasmatic bridges in human glioblastoma cell lines. The experiments were conducted with human glioblastoma cell lines, U87 with wild-type p53 status and U251 with mutated p53 status, exposed to SAR doses of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 W/kg. The researchers found no evidence for induction of micronuclei or other anomalies, but observed apoptosis at the highest dose in U251 cells.
Zheng Y, Dou JR, Gao Y, Dong L, Li G. · 2017
Researchers isolated cortical pyramidal neurons from Kunming mice and exposed them to 15 Hz, 1 mT square wave magnetic fields. Sodium currents, transient potassium currents, and delayed rectifier potassium currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp method. Magnetic field exposure depressed channel current densities and altered the activation kinetics of sodium and potassium channels, and the inactivation properties of INa and IA were also altered.
Zhang H et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated the influence of a 50 Hz, 8 mT extremely low frequency magnetic field, applied 4 hours per day for 28 days, on calcium ion signaling in the hippocampus of mice. Exposure increased levels of Gi protein, IP3, DAG, PKA, PKC beta, PP2B, and intracellular calcium, while decreasing CaMK II and PKC alpha. ELF-MF exposure also decreased the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which the researchers described as playing a key role in hippocampal neuronal cell death. Oral administration of procyanidins from lotus seedpod, especially at 90 mg per kg, significantly recovered these changes and nearly reached normal levels.
Samiee F, Samiee K. · 2017
Researchers examined how extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure at 50 Hz affected brain tissue in Cyprinus carpio, a common carp species from the Caspian Sea. A total of 200 healthy fish were divided into a sham-exposed group and an experimental group exposed to five different magnetic field intensities (0.1, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mT) at two different exposure times (0.5 and 1 h). Exposure caused severe histopathological changes in the brain at field intensities of 3 mT or higher, leading to brain necrosis, with field intensity and duration of exposure identified as key parameters in causing lesions.
Prasad A et al. · 2017
Researchers stimulated human oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) with a moderate intensity static magnetic field (0.3 T) for two weeks, two hours per day. The study investigated the genomic effects of static magnetic field exposure on oligodendrocyte differentiation and neurotrophic factor secretion. Enhanced myelination capacity of the stimulated oligodendrocytes was validated using a dorsal root ganglion microfluidics chamber platform.
Pedersen C et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated risks for several central nervous system diseases among 32,006 men employed at 99 utility companies that supplied Denmark with electricity during 1900–1993. The cohort was followed during 1982–2010, and cases were identified in the Danish National Patient Registry. For the highest exposure level of 1.0 µT or more, incidence rate ratios of 1.44, 1.78, 1.40 and 1.34 were observed for dementia, motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy, respectively. Risk for Parkinson disease was lower among workers exposed to ≥0.1 µT compared with the Danish population (IRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67–0.97).
Ozdemir E et al. · 2017
Researchers used 78 adult male Wistar albino rats to investigate whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields affect morphine analgesia and tolerance. Rats were exposed to a 50 Hz magnetic field for 30 minutes each day for 15 days, and morphine tolerance was induced with high-dose morphine (50 mg/kg) for 3 days. In rats exposed to the magnetic field, the analgesic effect of morphine (5 mg/kg) was significantly higher than in the non-exposed morphine group, and morphine-tolerant animals exposed to the field also showed significantly higher analgesia than tolerant rats without field exposure.
Kapri-Pardes E et al. · 2017
Researchers applied extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields at various field strengths and time periods to eight different cell types and measured the phosphorylation of signaling proteins by western blotting. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was increased in response to ELF-MF, with effects detected at field strengths as low as 0.15 µT and a maximum at around 10 µT. The researchers concluded that the small increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation is probably insufficient to affect proliferation and oncogenic transformation, and that the results cannot be regarded as proof of the involvement of ELF-MF in cancer in general or childhood leukemia in particular.
Dey S, Bose S, Kumar S, Rathore R, Mathur R, Jain S. · 2017
Researchers performed complete transection of the spinal cord at the T13 level in male Wistar rats, then exposed them to a magnetic field at 50 Hz and 17.96 µT for 2 hours daily for 8 weeks. Compared to injured rats that received no magnetic field, injured rats that received the magnetic field showed significant improvement in locomotion. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry revealed significant reductions in lesion volume, microglia, macrophage, collagen tissue, and iron content, along with higher vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the magnetic field group.
Davarpanah Jazi S, Modolo J, Baker C, Villard S, Legros A. · 2017
Ten healthy volunteers were exposed to 11 MF conditions (60 Hz, 0 to 50 mTrms, 5 mTrms increments) while physiological tremor and EEG from motor and somatosensory brain regions were measured. Exposure had no significant effect on any physiological tremor characteristics, and no significant EEG effects were observed for electrodes C1, C3, C5 and CP1. At electrodes CP3 and CP5, a decreased mu-rhythm spectral power with increasing MF flux density was suggested, but this was not confirmed by Bonferroni corrected pairwise comparisons.
Ayoobi F, Shamsizadeh A, Shafiei SA. · 2017
This study investigated the impact of local extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on sleep and drowsiness in healthy young adults. Minimum reaction time after exposure increased significantly compared to before exposure (P = 0.03), while the mean of the SSS scores was no different compared to that before exposure.
Marjanovic Cermak AM et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed V79 fibroblast cells to 1800 MHz RF radiation for 10, 30, and 60 minutes at a specific absorption rate of 1.6 W/kg to investigate possible links between radiofrequency exposure and oxidative stress. Cell viability remained within normal physiological values regardless of exposure time. An increased level of superoxide radicals was detected after 60-minute exposure, and a significantly higher GSH level was observed immediately after 10-minute exposure, though GSH-Px activity was higher but not significant. Lipid oxidative damage in exposed cell samples was not observed.
Manta AK et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed four-day-old adult female Drosophila melanogaster to mobile-phone radiation for 30 minutes at a SAR of 0.15 W/kg and a SAE of 270 J/kg. Reactive oxygen species levels in follicles of pre-choriogenic stages were found to increase by 1.6-fold immediately after the end of exposure. Sporadically generated apoptotic follicles showed an averaged 2-fold upregulation in their sub-population mass, 4 hours after irradiation. Microarray analysis revealed 168 genes being differentially expressed 2 hours after exposure, associated with processes such as basic metabolism, stress response, and apoptotic death.
Chauhan P, Verma HN, Sisodia R, Kesari KK. · 2017
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at a power density of 0.2 mW/cm2 for 2 hours a day for 35 days, then examined brain, liver, kidney, testis, and spleen. Significantly high levels of lipid peroxide were found in the liver (p < 0.001), brain (p < 0.004), and spleen (p < 0.006) of exposed rats. Histological changes were also observed in the brain, liver, testis, kidney, and spleen after whole-body microwave exposure, compared to the control group.
Bourdineaud JP et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed Eisenia fetida earthworms to electromagnetic fields at 900 MHz and field levels ranging from 10 to 120 V m-1 for a period of two hours. All exposure treatments induced significant DNA modifications, and the number of probe hybridisation sites showed a significant two-fold decrease even after 24 hours of recovery. Genes involved in general stress, oxidative stress, and immune defence were up-regulated after exposure, and Western blots confirmed an increased quantity of HSP70 and MTCO1 proteins.
Ahmed NA, Radwan NM, Aboul Ezz HS, Salama NA · 2017
Researchers exposed adult rats to EMR at a frequency of 900 MHz modulated at 217 Hz, with a power density of 0.02 mW/cm2 and SAR of 1.245 W/kg, and measured oxidative stress parameters in the hippocampus and striatum. EMR exposure produced disturbances in oxidant and antioxidant parameters in both brain regions. Green tea mega EGCG given at the beginning of EMR exposure for two and three months had more beneficial effect against EMR-induced oxidative stress than EGCG given after two months of exposure.
Zhang D, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Zhang H, Sun Y, Sun C · 2017
Researchers enrolled 186 male workers with occupational exposure to high-voltage electricity lines and 154 male subjects with insignificant exposure as a reference control. Resveratrol or placebo was given as dietary supplements at 500 mg twice daily, and inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed. Workers who had long-term exposure to high-voltage electricity lines showed elevated urinary levels of 8-OHdG and F2-isoprostane compared to the reference group. Resveratrol significantly reversed the adverse impacts of ELF-EMF, and stimulated cytokine production by resveratrol was found in exposed workers but not in the reference group.
