Byun YH et al. · 2013
Researchers conducted a longitudinal study of 2,422 children in 10 Korean cities to examine the association between mobile phone use and ADHD symptoms while considering lead exposure. They found that mobile phone use for voice calls was linked to higher ADHD symptom risk, but only among children with relatively high lead exposure. The results suggest that simultaneous exposure to lead and RF from mobile phone use was associated with increased ADHD symptom risk, though reverse causality could not be excluded.
Benson VS et al. · 2013
Researchers examined the relation between mobile phone use and incidence of intracranial CNS tumours and other cancers in 791,710 middle-aged women in the UK Million Women Study. During 7 years' follow-up, 51,680 incident invasive cancers and 1,261 incident intracranial CNS tumours occurred. Risk among ever versus never users was not increased for all intracranial CNS tumours (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.90-1.14, P = 0.82) nor for cancer at 18 other specified sites. For long-term users compared with never users, there was no appreciable association for glioma (10+ years: RR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.55-1.10, P = 0.16) or meningioma (10+ years: RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.66-1.84, P = 0.71).
Behari J, Nirala JP. · 2013
A SAR measurement system was developed for a brain phantom in a Perspex box. The phantom box volume matched a small rat and was illuminated by a 3G mobile phone at 1718.5 MHz. A moving platform changed the phone's angular position at 2 degrees per minute up to 20 degrees while induced fields were measured. SAR values computed from induced fields were higher than those from induced field measurements alone and varied with angular position, but remained well below human safety criteria. SAR was also measured by temperature rise and compared with the induced-field results, and measurements were repeated in a 10 g phantom in a cubical box for safety criteria comparison.
Alsanosi AA et al. · 2013
Researchers conducted a prospective controlled clinical trial at King Abdulaziz University Hospital from July 2009 to July 2011. They measured hearing threshold levels and distortion product otoacoustic emissions before and immediately after 60 minutes of exposure to the same model of mobile phone. In test ears, hearing threshold levels shifted significantly at 1000 and 2000 Hz but not at other frequencies, while non-test ears showed no significant shift. Test ears also showed significant DPOAE differences at 1000 Hz, 1400 Hz, 2000 Hz, and the average of all frequencies, while non-test ears did not. Heat or pain was the most commonly reported symptom after exposure.
Al-Ali BM, Patzak J, Fischereder K, Pummer K, Shamloul R. · 2013
Researchers recruited 20 men with erectile dysfunction for at least six months and 10 healthy men without erectile dysfunction. All participants completed the German version of the Sexual Health Inventory for Men and a questionnaire on cell phone usage habits. Men with erectile dysfunction had significantly lower SHIM scores than healthy men (11.2 ±5 vs 24.2 ±2.3). Total time spent talking on the cell phone per week was not significantly higher in Group A over B, 17.6 ±11.1 vs. 12.5 ±7 hours. Men with erectile dysfunction carried their switched-on cell phones for significantly longer daily durations (4.4 ±3.6 vs 1.8 ±1 hours per day).
Aerts S et al. · 2013
Researchers introduced a new method for mapping outdoor exposure to base station radiation that combines surrogate modeling with sequential design. They reported that 50 measurement locations were enough to create a coarse street exposure map identifying high and low exposure regions, and 70 locations were enough to build an accurate predictive interpolation model of the electric field distribution.
Liu C et al. · 2013
Salah MB, Abdelmelek H, Abderraba M. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 2.45 GHz RF for 1 hour daily over 21 consecutive days, which induced a diabetes-like status. RF exposure decreased glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and thiol group activities in liver and kidneys, while increasing malondialdehyde concentration in both organs. Olive leaf extract at 100 mg/kg prevented glucose metabolism disruption, restored antioxidant enzyme activities and thiol groups in liver and kidneys, and reduced elevated malondialdehyde in liver but not in kidneys.
Ozorak A et al. · 2013
Kidney and testis samples were collected from decapitated rats during the fourth, fifth, and sixth weeks. In the fourth week, lipid peroxidation in kidney and testis and copper, zinc, GSH, GSH-Px, and TAS in kidney decreased, while iron in kidney and vitamin A and vitamin E in testis increased in exposed groups. In the fifth week, iron, vitamin A, and β-carotene in kidney increased, while GSH and TAS decreased in exposed groups. In the sixth week, iron concentrations in kidney and lipid peroxidation in kidney and testis increased, while copper, TAS, and GSH concentrations decreased in exposed groups.
Ozgur E et al. · 2013
Jelodar G, Nazifi S, Akbari A. · 2013
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague–Dawley rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves for 45 days. RFW exposure decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and increased malondialdehyde levels in testis tissue. Vitamin C improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced malondialdehyde compared with RFW-only rats.
Jelodar G, Akbari A, Nazifi S. · 2013
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves daily for 45 days and measured antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde in eye tissue. Radiofrequency wave exposure decreased glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde compared with controls. Vitamin C supplementation at 200 mg/kg per day improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced malondialdehyde compared with the test group.
Hamzany Y et al. · 2013
The study aimed to observe whether human saliva indicates adverse health effects of mobile phone use. Researchers studied 20 mobile phone users with a mean duration of 12.5 years and mean use of 29.6 hours per month, comparing them to deaf individuals as controls. They found a significant increase in all salivary oxidative stress indices and decreases in salivary flow, total protein, albumin, and amylase activity in mobile phone users. The observations led to the hypothesis that mobile phone use may cause oxidative stress and modify salivary function.
Ghanbari M1, Mortazavi SB1, Khavanin A1, Khazaei M2. · 2013
Sperm viability, motility, and total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly in all exposure groups compared to controls. Increasing exposure duration from two to three weeks caused a further significant decrease in sperm viability and motility.
Bodera P et al. · 2013
Some rats had persistent inflammation induced by CFA injection 24 hours before exposure. Rats received tramadol at 20 mg/kg or vehicle before exposure. Single EMF exposure significantly reduced antioxidant capacity in both healthy and inflamed rats. A synergistic effect between EMF and tramadol was observed in CFA-treated rats.
Aynali G, Nazıroğlu M, Celik O, Doğan M, Yarıktaş M, Yasan H · 2013
Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups, including a melatonin-treated group receiving 10 mg/kg/day. Rats in the exposure groups received 2.45 GHz radiation for 60 minutes daily for 28 days. Radiation exposure raised lipid peroxidation levels compared with controls. Melatonin treatment lowered lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione peroxidase activity. Reduced glutathione levels did not differ among groups.
Li SS, Zhang ZY, Yang CJ, Lian HY, Cai P · 2013
Researchers studied the effects of short-term and long-term ELF-EMF exposure on male Drosophila melanogaster using transcriptomic analysis and QRT-PCR. Transcriptomic analysis showed that short-term exposure up-regulated 439 genes and down-regulated 874 genes, while long-term exposure up-regulated 514 genes and down-regulated 1206 genes. Short-term exposure may decrease male reproductive ability, but long-term exposure had no effect. QRT-PCR confirmed that jra, ark, and decay genes were down-regulated after exposure for one generation and 72 hours, suggesting apoptosis may be inhibited.
Tasset I et al. · 2013
Researchers used a Huntington's disease-like rat model induced by 3-nitropropionic acid. Western blot analysis showed that 3-NP reduced Nrf2 in both cytoplasm and nucleus, while TMS increased Nrf2 levels in both compartments.
Podda MV et al. · 2013
Researchers injected mice with BrdU to label newborn cells and exposed them to ELFEFs 9 days later for 3.5 hours per day over 6 days. ELFEF exposure enhanced newborn neuron survival as shown by double staining for BrdU and doublecortin or NeuN labeling. The exposure was associated with enhanced spatial learning and memory. In hippocampal neural stem cell cultures, ELFEFs rescued differentiating neurons from apoptotic cell death. Western blot analysis revealed reduced pro-apoptotic Bax and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in exposed mice and cultures compared to sham controls.
Maestú C et al. · 2013
A double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed at Sagrado Corazón Hospital in Seville, Spain, enrolling female fibromyalgia patients aged 22 to 50 years. The stimulation group received 8 Hz pulsed magnetic fields of very low intensity, while the sham group underwent the same protocol without stimulation. The stimulation group showed statistically significant improvement in somatosensory pain thresholds, ability to perform daily activities, perceived chronic pain, and sleep quality compared with the control group. Pain thresholds improved after the first session, while the other measures improved after the sixth week. No significant differences were found for depression, fatigue, headache severity, or serotonin levels, and no adverse effects were reported.
Maaroufi K et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed Long-Evans rats to 900 MHz EMF alone or combined with iron overload and tested them in spatial learning tasks including the Morris water maze, radial-arm maze, and object exploration. EMF-exposed rats were impaired in the object exploration task but not in the navigation or working memory tasks. Combined EMF and iron overload did not produce greater behavioral or neurochemical deficits than EMF alone, and neither treatment caused global oxidative stress.
Kim HJ, Jung J, Park JH, Kim JH, Ko KN, Kim CW. · 2013
Zhang Y, She F, Li L, Chen C, Xu S, Luo X, Li M, He M, Yu Z. · 2013
Researchers exposed primary cultured cortical neurons from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats to pulsed 2.45 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes. Exposure significantly decreased cellular viability and increased apoptotic nuclei, CDK5 activity, the p25 to p35 ratio, and tau phosphorylation at Ser404. CDK5 expression did not change significantly after exposure. A CDK5 inhibitor blocked the exposure-induced decrease in cellular viability and tau hyperphosphorylation but did not significantly block apoptosis.
Tombini M et al. · 2013
Researchers used transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the effects of 45 minutes of GSM-EMF exposure on cortical excitability in ten patients with cryptogenic focal epilepsy originating outside the primary motor area. The study employed a crossover, double-blind, counter-balanced design with three sessions one week apart. Exposure over the hemisphere contralateral to the epileptic focus significantly increased excitability in that hemisphere and slightly decreased it in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Real or sham exposure over the ipsilateral hemisphere did not affect brain excitability.
Sudan M, Kheifets L, Arah OA, Olsen J. · 2013
The Danish National Birth Cohort enrolled pregnant women from 1996 to 2002 and conducted detailed interviews at multiple time points up to age 7. Researchers used three statistical methods to examine cell phone use at age 7 in relation to hearing loss at age 7. Weak associations were observed, with odds ratios of 1.21, 1.23, and 1.22 from the three models. The authors cautioned that biases could affect the findings and that the results are not sufficient to conclude an effect of cell phone exposures on hearing.
