Talei D, Valdiani A, Maziah M, Mohsenkhah M · 2013
Researchers analyzed the germination rate, germination percentage, and mean germination time of MR 219 rice seeds exposed to 2450 MHz microwave frequency for one, four, seven, and ten hours. Exposure for 10 hours resulted in the highest germination percentage, reaching 100% after three days with a mean germination time of 2.1 days. Other exposure times produced germination percentages ranging from 93% to 98%. Ten-hour exposure for six days significantly improved primary shoot and root length.
Sefidbakht Y et al. · 2013
Researchers used a rectangular waveguide system to expose luciferase to 940 MHz electromagnetic fields. Exposed luciferase showed significantly higher activity and smaller hydrodynamic radii than unexposed samples. Exposed samples also had less tendency to form aggregates. Dielectric measurements indicated changes related to disaggregation potency.
Pesnya DS, Romanovsky AV. · 2013
Nazıroğlu M, Yüksel M, Köse SA, Özkaya MO · 2013
The aim of the study was to discuss the mechanisms and risk factors of EMR changes on reproductive functions and membrane oxidative biology in females and males. Some studies indicated that EMR induced endometriosis and inflammation and decreased the number of follicles in the ovary or uterus of rats. In male rats, exposure caused degeneration in seminiferous tubules, reduction in Leydig cells and testosterone production, and increases in luteinizing hormone levels and apoptotic cells. The review concluded that oxidative stress from Wi-Fi and mobile phone EMR is a significant mechanism affecting reproductive systems, but no evidence supports increased infertility risk from EMR exposure.
Nayyeri V, Hashemi SM, Borna M, Jalilian HR, Soleimani M · 2013
The assessment covered the frequency band from 27 MHz to 3 GHz to account for other RF sources such as broadcasting services. Results were compared with ICNIRP and Iranian guidelines, confirming that exposure levels were satisfactorily below defined limits and non-detrimental.
Nasseri S, Monazzam M, Beheshti M, Zare S, Mahvi A · 2013
The study measured vertical microwave radiation patterns from different BTS antennae in Hashtgerd, Iran. Power density rose with increasing measurement height for both Irancell and Hamrah-e-Aval operators. A significant statistical relationship was found between measurement height and average power density using a mixed model test. The authors noted that installing antennae in crowded areas requires more care due to higher radiation emission, citing rigid surfaces and mobile users as factors increasing wave density.
Nasri K, Daghfous D, Landoulsi A. · 2013
The study evaluated the effects of sub-lethal microwave radiation on Salmonella typhimurium. The bacteria were exposed to a dose of 3600 J delivered as a 40-second exposure at 90 W. Exposure significantly inhibited cellular growth. The treatment increased the effectiveness of most tested antibiotics, with exposed bacteria showing new or improved sensitivity. Gas chromatography analysis showed an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, and the bacteria became more sensitive to sodium deoxycholate and released more extracellular proteins, indicating membrane weakening.
Mortazavi S et al. · 2013
Researchers collected fresh semen samples from 30 healthy donors and exposed them to radiofrequency radiation from a mobile jammer for 2 or 4 hours. Sperm motility was significantly lower in samples exposed to jammer RF radiation for 2 or 4 hours compared to sham-exposed samples. The authors concluded that mobile jammers may significantly decrease sperm motility and couples' chances of conception.
Meo SA, Al Rubeaan K · 2013
The study aimed to determine the effects of mobile phone radiation on fasting blood glucose in Wistar Albino rats. Rats exposed for more than 15 minutes per day showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose and serum insulin than controls. HOMA-IR was significantly increased in the 15-30 and 46-60 minute per day groups compared with controls.
Markakis I, Samaras T · 2013
Researchers performed indoor measurements using personal dosimeters at 40 locations in urban and suburban Thessaloniki over three days each from July 2010 to January 2012. They found a larger proportion of measurements above detection limits compared to similar European campaigns, with at most 56% for the DCS Rx band. Mean exposure levels in mobile downlink bands were higher than other studies but many times below ICNIRP guidelines. Maximum exposures were of similar magnitude across studies. Base stations dominated in workplaces and schools, while wireless phones and computer networks led in homes, with daytime peaks for the former and evening increases for the latter.
Loos N et al. · 2013
Lin WT, Chang CH, Cheng CY, Chen MC, Wen YR, Lin CT, Lin CW. · 2013
Researchers compared the effects of different pulse waveforms and PRF parameters using a miniature bipolar electrode on the dorsal root ganglion. The sinusoidal waveform group showed higher Von Frey scores than the square wave group. Pain relief was evaluated using the Von Frey method for pain threshold index based on behavioral response to mechanical stimuli.
Lepp A, Barkley JE, Sanders GJ, Rebold M, Gates P. · 2013
Participants were interviewed about physical activity and cell phone use, had body composition and self-efficacy assessed, and completed a progressive treadmill test to measure peak oxygen consumption. Hierarchical regression was used to assess the relationship between cell phone use and cardiorespiratory fitness after controlling for sex, self-efficacy, and percent body fat. Cell phone use was significantly and negatively related to cardiorespiratory fitness independent of sex, self-efficacy, and percent body fat.
Lauer O et al. · 2013
The authors presented a framework that combines near-field and far-field radio frequency electromagnetic exposure sources to calculate average organ and whole-body specific absorption rates. Numerically derived SARs for whole-body and individual organs were combined with realistic exposure data collected using personal exposure meters during the Swiss Qualifex study. For users of GSM 900 or GSM 1800 phones, the 24-hour whole-body averaged exposure was dominated by the user's own mobile phone. If only UMTS phones were used, the average exposure level would be lower due to the lower average output power of UMTS phones. The data indicate the necessity of collecting band-selective exposure data in epidemiological studies of electromagnetic fields.
Kuehn S, Kelsh MA, Kuster N, Sheppard AR, Shum M. · 2013
Researchers measured SARs in phantoms with mobile phones operating at maximum antenna input power to evaluate design factors such as shape, antenna design, communication technology, and test date over a 7-year period. Service technology accounted for the greatest variability in compliance test SARs, ranging from AMPS highest to GSM lowest. The dominant factor for SARs during use is the time-averaged antenna input power, which may be much less than the maximum power used in testing. Phone shape, antenna type, and orientation were significant but only up to a factor of 2, and SAR in the tilt position was significantly smaller than in the touch position. External antennas produced greater SARs than internal ones, and brick and clamshell phones produced greater SARs than slide phones.
Koca O et al. · 2013
Twenty-one male Albino rats were divided into three groups of seven rats each. Group 1 was exposed to a Philips Genie 900 cell phone in speech mode for 8 hours per day for 20 days, and Group 2 was exposed for 20 days with kidneys removed after a 20-day interval. Light microscopic examination showed kidney tissue damage in exposed groups with mean severity scores significantly higher than controls.
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Nirala J, Siddiqui MH, Behari J. · 2013
Kao HK, Li Q, Flynn B, Qiao X, Ruberti JW, Murphy GF, Guo L. · 2013
Researchers exposed wounded diabetic mice to pulsed radiofrequency energy and assessed wound closure, cell proliferation, and gene expression. Pulsed radiofrequency energy increased dermal cell proliferation and collagen synthesis in the wounds. However, CD31 density and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor did not differ significantly between treated and sham groups. In fibroblast cultures, pulsed radiofrequency energy increased gelation time compared to sham exposure.
Hassoy H, Durusoy R, Karababa AO. · 2013
The cross-sectional survey included 2,240 high school students in Bornova, Izmir, selected by stratified cluster sampling from 20,493 students. Base stations received the highest mean risk score (4.34) and the highest prevalence of high risk perception (86.7%). Female students, those with lower maternal education, and non-phone users reported higher risk perceptions for mobile phones and incivility, and girls also perceived greater risk from base stations.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Mild KH. · 2013
Researchers conducted a case-control study of brain tumour cases aged 18-75 diagnosed from 2007 to 2009, with one population-based control matched on gender and age per case. Among malignant brain tumour cases, 87% participated, and 85% of controls answered the questionnaire. Analogue mobile phone use had an odds ratio of 1.8, which increased to 3.3 with more than 25 years of latency. Digital 2G mobile phone use showed an odds ratio of 1.6, rising to 2.1 with latency over 15-20 years. Cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 1.7, increasing to 2.1 with 15-20 years latency.
Hagström M, Auranen J, Ekman R. · 2013
de Vocht F, Hannam K, Buchan I. · 2013
Researchers used open-access databases to explore links between potential risk factors and brain and nervous system cancers at an ecological level across 165 countries. National age-adjusted cancer incidence rates from GLOBOCAN 2008 were combined with United Nations Development Report and World Bank data and analyzed using multivariate regression models. 2008 national incidences of brain and nervous system cancers were associated with continent, gross national income in 2008 and Human Development Index Score. The only exogenous risk factor consistently associated with higher incidence was mobile/cellular telecommunications subscription penetration. According to these ecological results the latency period is at least 11-12 years, but probably more than 20 years.
Col-Araz N. · 2013
Preterm birth occurred in 19% of participants and low birth weight in 12.9%. Birth weight correlated positively with maternal age and baseline weight. Mothers with a history of disease during pregnancy had more preterm births and lower birth weight infants. Mobile phone and computer use during pregnancy was associated with more preterm deliveries and shorter pregnancy duration, but not with birth weight.
Cervellati F et al. · 2013
Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Hansson Mild K, Hardell L. · 2013
The study included 709 meningioma cases diagnosed during 2007-2009 and 1,368 control subjects who answered a questionnaire. Mobile phone use overall gave an odds ratio of 1.0 (95% CI 0.7-1.4) and cordless phone use gave 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.5). Risk increased significantly per 100 hours of cumulative use, with the highest odds ratio in the fourth quartile (>2,376 hours). No statistically significant increased risk was found for ipsilateral use, temporal lobe tumors, or per year of latency. Tumor volume was not related to latency or cumulative use.
