Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing all 6,486 studies
Eser O et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed 24 adult male Wistar Albino rats to 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz microwaves for 1 hour per day over 2 months. The exposed rats showed severe degenerative changes, shrunken cytoplasm, and extensively dark pyknotic nuclei in the frontal cortex and brain stem compared with controls.
Redmayne M, Smith E, and Abramson MJ · 2013
More frequent cellphone and cordless phone calls were associated with higher odds of headaches, wired headsets with tinnitus, wireless headsets with headache, feeling down or depressed, and waking at night, and being woken by a cellphone at night was strongly linked to daytime tiredness. The study reported that 36% of tested associations were statistically significant, more than the 5% expected by chance, and several showed dose-dependent patterns.
Perentos N, Croft RJ, McKenzie RJ, Cosic I · 2013
Seventy-two healthy volunteers underwent eyes-open resting EEG recording during four 20-minute exposure intervals (sham, pulsed modulated RF, continuous RF, and pulsed low frequency) in a counterbalanced, double-blind crossover design. Compared to sham, a suppression of the global alpha band activity was observed under the pulsed modulated RF exposure, and this did not differ from the continuous RF exposure. No effect was seen in the extremely low frequency condition. The results support the view that alpha is altered by RF electromagnetic fields, but suggest that the pulsing nature of the fields is not essential for this effect to occur.
Mortazavi SM, Taeb S, Dehghan N · 2013
Researchers investigated health effects of occupational exposure to military radar by measuring visual reaction time and short-term memory in radar personnel and a control group. The mean reaction time in radar workers (N=100) was 238.58 milliseconds, compared with 291.86 milliseconds in the control group (N=57), a difference that was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Short-term memory scores, including forward and backward digit span and word recognition, were lower in radar workers than in the control group (P<0.0001 for each measure).
Mohammed HS, Fahmy HM, Radwah NM, Elsayed AA · 2013
Researchers investigated the effect of chronic low-level non-thermal electromagnetic radiation on sleep EEG in rats. They used two types of radiation fields: 900 MHz unmodulated and 900 MHz modulated at 8 and 16 Hz, with exposure for one month at one hour per day. EEG power spectral analyses revealed that REM sleep was more susceptible to modulated radiofrequency radiation than slow wave sleep. The latency of REM sleep increased due to radiation exposure, indicating a change in the ultradian rhythm of normal sleep cycles. The authors concluded that exposure to electromagnetic radiation in awake animals can alter subsequent sleep structure and suggested cumulative irreversible effects.
Lustenberger C et al. · 2013
Sixteen male subjects completed two experimental nights, one with all-night pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure at 0.25–0.8 Hz. Sleep efficiency exceeded 90 percent in both conditions. Slow-wave activity increased during pulsed exposure compared to sham toward the end of the sleep period. Spindle activity did not change. Motor sequence task improvement was reduced by 20.1 percent during exposure versus sham.
Köktürk S et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to electromagnetic fields during pre- and postnatal periods until postnatal day 80, with one group receiving daily oral Lycopersicon esculentum extract at approximately 2 g/kg. Compared to unexposed controls, EMF-exposed rats showed a significant increase in caspase-3-labeled Purkinje neurons and granule cells, and Purkinje neurons exhibited dark neuron degenerative changes. Rats given the extract alongside EMF exposure had significantly fewer caspase-3-labeled neurons and fewer dark Purkinje neurons than EMF-only rats. The authors concluded that Lycopersicon esculentum exerted a protective effect against EMF-induced apoptosis and neurodegeneration in the cerebellum.
Khullar S1, Sood A2, Sood S3 · 2013
Researchers recruited 60 subjects and divided them into three groups of 20 based on mobile phone usage duration. Group A served as controls, group B used phones for up to 30 minutes daily for 5 years, and group C used phones for up to 30 minutes daily for 10 years. Auditory brainstem responses were recorded and analyzed for wave latencies and interpeak latencies. No significant difference in ABR parameters was found between controls and the 5-year use group. Wave latencies were significantly prolonged in the 10-year use group compared to controls.
İkinci A et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900 MHz EMF for one hour daily from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy. The study used 3 pregnant rats per group and yielded 13 control and 10 EMF female pups for testing.
Gao X, Luo R, Ma B, Wang H, Liu T, Zhang J, Lian Z, Cui X · 2013
Radiation exposure decreased SOD and GSH-Px activity and increased MDA levels in both pregnant and fetal rats, and caused mitochondrial swelling, edema, and chromatin condensation in fetal brain tissue. Vitamin E supplementation reversed these changes in a dose-dependent manner, with all three doses increasing SOD and GSH-Px in fetal rats, and middle and high doses decreasing MDA in fetal rats and high dose doing so in pregnant rats.
Zhu W, Zhang W, Li Y, Xu J, Luo J, Jiang Y, Lu X, Lü S. · 2013
Researchers investigated the effect of 2450 MHz microwave radiation at intensities of 2.5 to 20.0 mW/cm2 for 20 minutes on human pancreatic cancer JF305 cells. Proliferation was measured by MTT assays, apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC and PI staining, Caspase-3 activity was examined, and Caspase-3 and HSP70 protein expression were detected by Western blotting. After radiation, proliferation inhibition rates were significantly higher than control and apoptosis was induced. Caspase-3 activity increased compared with control (P < 0.05), and Caspase-3 and HSP70 protein expression increased significantly across dosage groups. The researchers concluded that microwave radiation inhibits JF305 cell proliferation, possibly by inducing apoptosis through changes in stress level.
Zhijian C et al. · 2013
The study used protein microarray to examine protein expression in human B lymphoblastoid cells intermittently exposed to 1.8-GHz GSM radiofrequency radiation at a specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg for 24 hours. The analysis identified 27 differentially expressed proteins associated with DNA damage repair, apoptosis, oncogenesis, cell cycle, and proliferation, with a fold change greater than 1.5 and P<0.05. Western blot validation confirmed that RPA32 expression was significantly down-regulated and p73 expression was significantly up-regulated in the exposed group (P<0.05).
Xu S et al. · 2013
Urbinello D, Röösli M. · 2013
Researchers measured uplink exposure from a mobile phone handset during commuting using a randomized cross-over study with three scenarios: a disabled phone, an activated dual-band phone, and a quad-band phone. In the reference scenario, uplink exposure was highest during train rides at 1.19 mW/m2 and lowest during car rides in rural areas at 0.001 mW/m2. In public transports, the impact of one's own mobile phone on personal RF-EMF measurements was not observable due to high background uplink radiation from other people's mobile phones. In a car, uplink exposure with an activated phone was orders of magnitude higher compared with the reference scenario.
Tsybulin O et al. · 2013
Japanese quail embryos were exposed in ovo to GSM 900 MHz radiation for 38 hours or 158 hours with a 48-second on, 12-second off cycle at an average power density of 0.25 μW/cm(2) and a specific absorption rate of 3 μW/kg. The number of differentiated somites was assessed microscopically and DNA damage was assessed by an alkaline comet assay. After 38 hours the number of differentiated somites increased and DNA strand breaks decreased, while after 158 hours the number of differentiated somites decreased and DNA damage increased.
Sun W, Shen X, Lu D, Lu D, Chiang H · 2013
The radiofrequency radiation induced EGF receptor clustering and enhanced phosphorylation on tyrosine-1173 at the higher absorption rates but not at 0.1 W/kg. A 2 μT incoherent magnetic field alone did not significantly affect receptor clustering or phosphorylation. When applied together, the incoherent magnetic field completely inhibited the radiofrequency radiation effects at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 W/kg but not at 4.0 W/kg.
Luo Q, Jiang Y, Jin M, Xu J, Huang HF. · 2013
Researchers exposed pregnant volunteers at about 50 days gestation to cell phone EMF at 1.6 to 8.8 W/kg for one hour. They used two-dimensional electrophoresis to examine protein profile changes and found up to 15 spots with significant 2- to 2.5-fold changes compared to sham-exposed group. Twelve proteins were identified, including procollagen-proline, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta, and others.
Jiang B, Zong C, Zhao H, Ji Y, Tong J, Cao Y · 2013
Adult male ICR mice were pre-exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields for 4 hours per day for 7 days, then given an acute whole-body dose of 3 Gy gamma radiation. The micronucleus assay was used to measure genotoxicity in immature erythrocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Mice exposed to the radiofrequency fields alone showed micronucleus indices similar to unexposed controls, while mice given gamma radiation alone showed a significantly increased micronucleus frequency. Mice pre-exposed to the radiofrequency fields before gamma radiation showed a significant decrease in micronucleus indices compared to those given gamma radiation alone.
Gapeyev AB, Kulagina TP, Aripovsky AV. · 2013
Researchers studied how extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) affected fatty acid composition in the thymus, liver, blood plasma, muscle tissue, and tumor tissue of mice carrying Ehrlich solid carcinoma. Mice were exposed to EHF EMR at 42.2 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm2, for 20 minutes daily over five consecutive days starting the day after tumor cells were introduced. In tumor-bearing mice, EHF EMR exposure led to recovery of fatty acid composition in thymocytes to the state typical for normal animals, and in tumor tissue it significantly decreased monounsaturated fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Estenberg J, Augustsson T. · 2013
Researchers developed a car-based measuring system to estimate outdoor radiofrequency field exposure across rural, urban, and city areas of Sweden. The median power density was 16 µW/m(2) in rural areas, 270 µW/m(2) in urban areas, and 2400 µW/m(2) in city areas. In urban and city areas, base stations for mobile phones were clearly the dominating sources of exposure.
Calderón C et al. · 2013
Bilgici B, Akar A, Avci B, Tuncel OK. · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field at a whole body average specific absorption rate of 1.08 W/kg for 1 h/day for 3 weeks. Malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein product levels increased in rat brain tissue after exposure, suggesting increased lipid and protein oxidation. Garlic reduced the brain oxidative stress markers, though it did not affect the increase in serum nitric oxide levels. Nitric oxide levels in the brain showed no significant difference after exposure, but serum nitric oxide increased significantly.
Beekhuizen J, Vermeulen R, Kromhout H, Bürgi A, Huss A. · 2013
Researchers modelled radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) across Amsterdam using a three-dimensional model called NISMap, then compared the results to actual measurements taken in areas with different built-up characteristics. The modelled values agreed well with measurements, with Spearman correlations of 0.86 for GSM900 and 0.85 for UMTS. The researchers concluded that NISMap provides a reliable way of assessing environmental RF-EMF exposure for epidemiological studies in urban areas.
Azah CK, Amoako JK, Fletcher JJ. · 2013
Researchers surveyed radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at public access points near FM radio stations in Accra, Ghana. Measurements were taken within a 10 to 200 metre radius of each station's base, at a height of 1.5 metres above the ground. Electric field strength ranged from 5.4E−04 V m−1 at FM station 'O' to 7.4E−08 V m−1 at FM station 'D', and power densities ranged from 2.5E−10 to 1.5E−17 Wm−2. These values were described as far below the reference level set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and did not pose any known hazard to the inhabitants of Accra.
Ayinmode BO, Farai IP. · 2013
Researchers studied how radiofrequency radiation power density varied with distance around mobile phone base stations at ten randomly selected locations in Ibadan, western Nigeria. Measurements were made with a calibrated hand-held spectrum analyser. The result of this study demonstrates that exposure of people to RF radiation from phone base stations in Ibadan city is far less than the recommended limits by international scientific bodies.