Klimek A et al. · 2024
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1 and 7 mT for 1 hour per day over 7 days, repeated the procedure three times, and measured adrenaline, noradrenaline, MHPG, and β2-adrenergic receptor expression. After each exposure, some rats underwent a behavioural test to assess stress response to subsequent stress factors. ELF-EMF at 1 mT induced adaptive changes in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus system. Exposure to 7 mT increased stress system activity, causing sensitization to a different stress factor, profoundly decreased β2-adrenergic receptor levels, and moderately increased anxiety-related behaviour.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers isolated neural stem cells from the telencephalic wall of B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J/J mouse embryos and divided them into three experimental groups and three controls. Each experimental group was exposed to 50Hz ELF-EMFs of varied strengths for 1 h. High-strength ELF-EMF significantly increased GFAP expression while low-strength ELF-EMF decreased it. High-strength ELF-EMF significantly increased β-3 tubulin immunoreactivity, while medium- and low-strength ELF-EMF decreased it. Medium-strength ELF-EMF significantly upregulated NES expression.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers investigated the permeability, fine structure, and protein expression of tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier of rats exposed to electromagnetic pulses. They used fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran of different molecular masses to measure tracer leakage under varying field intensities. Transmission electron microscopy revealed open tight junctions in endothelial cells of exposed rats compared to sham-irradiated controls. Western blot analysis showed no change in levels of ZO-1, claudin-5, or occludin proteins.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers analyzed structural neuronal plasticity in the brain of Cataglyphis desert ants following sky-compass calibration under permanently manipulated magnetic field conditions. Magnetic field information was integrated into the ants' central complex and mushroom bodies. Behavioral analyses showed ants use magnetic information as both a navigational compass and a reference for visual compass calibration.
Unknown authors · 2024
Bijlsma N, Conduit R, Kennedy G, Cohen M · 2024
Zhou J et al. · 2024
Researchers used 24 Sprague Dawley rats, including 16 aged rats divided into an aged control group and a PEMF treatment group, and 8 young rats as a positive control. The PEMF group received 12 weeks of treatment at 40 minutes per day, five days per week, while the other groups received a placebo exposure. PEMF increased bone mineral density of the proximal femur and L5 vertebral body and improved microarchitecture parameters of the proximal tibia and L4 vertebral body. PEMF also decreased serum CTX-1 and increased serum P1CP, indicating a reversal of aging-induced bone turnover. In addition, PEMF suppressed NLRP3, proCaspase1, cleaved Caspase1, IL-1β, and GSDMD-N levels in bone marrow, showing inhibition of NLRP3-mediated inflammation.
Unknown authors · 2024
The study used tube formation and CCK-8 assays, a Seahorse assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assays, mitochondrial imaging, reactive oxygen species assays, and real-time PCR to examine the effects of PEMFs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Tube formation was significantly greater in the PEMF group than in controls. PEMFs shifted HUVEC energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis and caused mitochondria to become shorter and more granular.
Wydorski PJ, Kozlowska W, Zmijewska A, Franczak A · 2024
Researchers exposed porcine endometrial slices to a 50 Hz ELF-EMF for 2 hours in vitro. They measured mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA biogenesis. They also assessed EED and SUZ12 transcripts, global DNA methylation, and HDAC activity. Exposure changed the abundance of DNMT1, DNMT3a, EZH2, EED, SUZ12, global DNA methylation, HDAC activity, and microRNA biogenesis proteins.
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed adipose-derived stem cells to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 1.5 mT for 24 and 48 hours. After 24 hours of exposure, N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation significantly increased. The expression of stem cell markers Nanog, Oct-4, Sox-2, CD44, and CD105 increased after 24 hours of exposure. Western blot analysis showed upregulation of p21 and DNMT2/TRDMT1 protein levels with no change in p53. Cell membrane flexibility, metabolic potential, and mitochondrial distribution, morphology, and metabolism were altered after 24 hours.
Unknown authors · 2024
Rai V et al. · 2024
In a pilot study, researchers used a Yucatan miniswine model of traumatic brain injury with and without electromagnetic field stimulation to investigate differential gene expression between injured and non-injured cortex tissues. They found several differentially expressed genes including INSC, TTR, CFAP126, SEMA3F, CALB1, CDH19, and SERPINE1. These genes are associated with immune cell infiltration, myelination, reactive oxygen species regulation, thyroid hormone transportation, cell proliferation, and cell migration. There was a time-dependent effect of EMF stimulation on gene and protein expression. The findings support the beneficial effect of EMF stimulation in the repair process following traumatic brain injury.
Unknown authors · 2024
Lu Z-J, Gu H-Y, Li Z-Q, Lin F-X · 2024
Researchers investigated how low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields affect osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the role of connexin 43. BMSCs were isolated and cultured using adherent whole-bone marrow cultures, exposed to LPEMF at 80 Hz for 1 h, which yielded the highest proliferation and notably increased osteogenic ability as measured by ALP activity, osteogenic marker genes, and Alizarin Red S staining. Connexin 43 expression increased during osteogenic differentiation after LPEMF exposure, and inhibiting Cx43 partially reversed the enhanced differentiation.
Liu J et al. · 2024
Researchers randomly assigned rats to control, osteoporotic osteoarthritis, and PEMF groups with six rats each. The PEMF group received pulsed electromagnetic field exposure at 3.82 mT and 8 Hz for 40 minutes per day, five days per week, for 12 weeks. PEMF retarded cartilage degeneration and bone loss, decreased MMP-13 expression, and increased bone mineral density. PEMF also inhibited serum inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression, upregulated PPARγ, and decreased Beclin-1, P62, and LC3B expression.
Kobayashi- Sun J et al. · 2024
Researchers used zebrafish scales as an in vivo model to study the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on fracture healing. Exposure to 10 mT ELF-EMFs at 60 Hz increased the numbers of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts at the fracture site, while 3 mT and 30 mT did not. The exposure also upregulated wnt10b and Wnt target genes and enhanced β-catenin expression at the fracture site. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by IWR-1-endo treatment reduced both osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the fractured scale exposed to ELF-EMFs.
Unknown authors · 2024
The study found that ELF-EMF exposure improved differentiation of fibroblast cells into erythroid-like progenitors. Upregulation of miR-16 and miR-451 also improved this differentiation.
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers stimulated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells with hydrogen peroxide or amyloid-β peptide and activated N9 microglial cells with lipopolysaccharide or amyloid-β peptide. Cells were exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields with a pulse duration of 1.3 ms and a frequency of 75 Hz. The fields defended SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell death induced by amyloid-β or hydrogen peroxide. In microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide or amyloid-β, the fields reverted the reduction in mitochondrial potential, oxidative damage, and cell death.
Unknown authors · 2024
The synthesized nanostructures had a mean particle size of 157.3 nm, a zeta potential of -29.6 mV, and a polydispersity index of 0.31. A molecular docking study was performed to visualize how silver may bind to protein targets. The combined treatment lowered the IC50 against Hep-2 cells by about six-fold and suppressed cell proliferation in the G0/G1 and S phases. It also increased mRNA levels of CASP3, p53, Beclin-1 and NF-κB, raised oxidative stress biomarkers GR, ROS and MDA, and HE staining confirmed greater apoptosis.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers examined RF-EMR effects on zebrafish embryos exposed during the 4-58 hours post-fertilization phase. Temporary neuroanatomical enlargements and minor behavioral shifts were observed, diminishing by day 8 post-fertilization. Short-term RF-EMR exposure at tested levels did not yield significant long-term effects.
Torres-Ruiz M et al. · 2024
Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to unmodulated 700 MHz and 3500 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 1 and 4 hours during the blastula period and assessed outcomes up to 120 hours post fertilization. The exposure did not affect mortality, hatching, or body length, but caused specific organ morphological changes and lasting behavioral alterations in activity, anxiety-like behavior, and habituation. Effects were stronger at 700 MHz, particularly after 4 hours of exposure, and acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed mouse zygotes to cell phone electromagnetic radiation at 900-1800 MHz for 30 minutes on day 1. Exposed embryos showed slower cleavage divisions, more abnormal cleavage patterns, and delayed blastocyst formation. Cell survival in blastocysts was lower in the exposed group.
Mahmoudi R et al. · 2024
Researchers divided 32 adult male Wistar rats into four groups: control, RF-EMF alone, heat stress alone, and RF-EMF combined with heat stress. Rats in the RF-EMF group were exposed for 2 hours daily over 52 days, while the heat stress group received 10 minutes of heat per day for the same period. After 52 days, the combined RF-EMF and heat group showed significant improvements in testis volume, tubular epithelium, interstitium, cell counts, sperm quality, and Leydig cells compared with the heat-only group.
