EMF Research Studies

Expression levels of tam receptors and ligands in the testes of rats exposed to short and middle-term 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation

Unknown authors · 2024

Effect of 6 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field on the development of fetal bones

Karamazı Y, Emre M, Uçar S, Aksoy G, Emre T, Tokuş M · 2024

The study used 20 female and 20 male Wistar Albino rats divided into four groups with different exposure patterns to 6 GHz RF-EMF at 0.054 W/kg. Rats were exposed for 4 hours per day for 6 weeks before mating, and pregnant rats in Group-II and Group-III were exposed for 4 hours per day for 18 days of gestation. Fetal weight, body lengths, and bone measurements all increased significantly in every exposure group compared with controls.

(CE, DE, IU, ME, MO, PN, VO)

Unknown authors · 2024

The impact of radiofrequency exposure on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) development

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers exposed 30 Aedes aegypti eggs to radiofrequency radiation at baseline, 900 MHz, and 18 GHz, with each frequency tested in triplicate. They assessed hatching responses, development times, larval numbers, and pupation periods until adult emergence. The 900 MHz group showed the highest hatching rate at 79 ± 10.54% and the lowest adult emergence rate at 33 ± 2.77%, with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.03).

Effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves of mobile phone stations on male fertility

Unknown authors · 2024

The study aimed to determine the effect of electromagnetic waves from mobile phone stations on sperm parameters and the male reproductive system. Researchers enrolled 216 men aged 18 to 60 years, dividing them into two equal groups based on whether they lived close to cell phone tower stations for at least six months or 100 meters away. The exposed group showed a trend toward a lower percentage of normal sperm morphology compared to the non-exposed group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The exposed group also showed trends toward decreased total sperm motility and progressive sperm motility, again without statistical significance.

Evaluation of neonatal outcomes according to the specific absorption rate values of phones used during pregnancy

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers conducted a retrospective study of 1495 pregnant women who gave birth at Konya City Hospital between September 2020 and February 2021. They recorded phone model, average daily phone time, and neonatal outcomes including birth weight, length, head circumference, APGAR scores, and delivery type. The rate of delivering a small-for-gestational-age baby was significantly higher in women who used phones with higher SAR values (p=0.001). A SAR cut-off of 1.23 W/kg showed 69.3% sensitivity and 73.0% specificity for predicting SGA birth. No correlation was found between daily phone use time and SGA birth rate.

Effects of electromagnetic field emitted by a 90 kHz WPT system on the cognitive functions and neuronal excitation of mice

Zhao J, Ma J, Wang X, Zhang B · 2024

Researchers exposed mice to 90 kHz electromagnetic fields from a WPT biosafety experimental platform for 2, 4, or 8 weeks. They tested learning and memory using the Novel Object Recognition test and measured neuronal excitability with whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Long-term exposure accelerated action potential release, inhibited potassium channel activation, and increased dentate gyrus neuron excitability, but did not significantly affect cognitive function.

Terahertz Irradiation Improves Cognitive Impairments and Attenuates Alzheimer's Neuropathology in the APPSWE/PS1DE9 Mouse: A Novel Therapeutic Intervention for Alzheimer's Disease

Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Wang P, Ding H, Liu C, Lyu J, Le W · 2024

Researchers measured 0.14 THz wave penetration across mouse skulls and found approximately 70% penetration. They then exposed an Alzheimer's disease mouse model to repeated low-frequency terahertz waves on the head. The treatment significantly improved cognitive impairment and reduced amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. It also attenuated mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss in the brain.

Yavas MC, Kilitci A, Çelik E, Yegin K, Sirav B, Varol S

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers created two groups of seven rats each, a sham control and an exposure group, and exposed the latter to 2100 MHz RF-EMF for five hours per day over 14 days. Histological examination of brain tissue from the exposed group revealed vascular alterations and significant edema. The comet assay showed much more cellular damage in the exposed group (18.26% tail DNA) than in controls (4.06% tail DNA). Testicular tissue showed significant deterioration of spermatogenic cells in the exposed group. Bax and bcl-2 mRNA levels differed significantly between groups, while p53 did not change.

Effects of 4.9 GHz Radiofrequency Field Exposure on Brain Metabolomic and Proteomic gap junction communication

Wang et al. · 2024

Effect of 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation on the Inner Ear: A Histopathological Study on 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation and Cochlea

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers exposed twelve pregnant rats and their male newborns to Wi-Fi frequencies at electric field values of 0.6, 1.9, 5, 10, and 15 V/m during gestation and 45 days after birth. Auditory brainstem response testing was performed before exposure and sacrification. Cochlear histopathological examination used immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, caspase-9, and TUNEL staining. Auditory thresholds increased significantly at 5 V/m and above, while apoptotic cell markers showed significant differences at 10 V/m and 15 V/m. All apoptotic indicators increased with electric field magnitude, with caspase-9 showing the strongest effect.

Excessive smartphone use increases self-reported auditory and vestibular symptoms

Söylemez E et al. · 2024

Radio-Frequency-Electromagnetic Field Effects on the Human Sleep Electroencephalogram: A Randomized Controlled Study in CACNA1C Genotyped Healthy Volunteers

Sousouria G et al. · 2024

Effects of radiofrequency field from 5G communications on the spatial memory and emotionality in mice

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers investigated the effects of 4.9 GHz radiofrequency field on emotional behaviors and spatial memory in adult male mice. They used open field test, tail suspension test, and Y maze to assess anxiety, depression-like behavior, and spatial memory. Anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory did not change after exposure, but depression-like behavior was induced. Neuron number decreased and pyroptosis increased in the amygdala but not the hippocampus.

Effect of microwave radiation on adult neurogenesis and behavior of prenatally exposed rats

Popovičová A et al. · 2024

Female rats were exposed to MWR at a frequency of 2.45 GHz for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy. The study examined the rostral migratory stream and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus for cell proliferation and death, and also assessed nitrergic neuron differentiation in the RMS. Prenatal MWR exposure caused significant changes in the numbers of proliferating and dying cells that varied by offspring age and brain region. MWR attenuated the maturation of nitrergic neurons in the RMS in both juvenile and adult rats. Morphological alterations in neurogenesis were accompanied by changes in animal behavior.

The neuroprotective effects of baobab and black seed on the rat hippocampus exposed to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field

Mohamed H, Deniz OG, Kaplan S · 2024

Fifty-six male, 12-week-old Wistar albino rats were divided into eight groups of seven animals each. The control, baobab, and black seed groups received no EMF exposure, while a sham group was placed in the exposure system without field, and the EMF+AD, EMF+BS, EMF+AD+BS and EMF groups received a 900-MHz EMF for one hour daily over 28 days. Stereological analysis found no statistically significant difference in pyramidal neuron numbers between the EMF group and the control or sham groups. Histopathological analysis showed that 900-MHz EMF produced adverse changes in neuronal structures. Qualitative examinations suggested that a combination of baobab and black seed exerts a protective effect against such EMF side-effects.

Evaluation of electric field (E) exposure levels and its relationship with the sleep quality of residents around the BTS antennas in Sabzevar, Iran

Unknown authors · 2024

The study aimed to evaluate RF-EMF exposure at three time intervals and three distances from BTS antennas in Sabzevar, Iran. Electric field averages and maximum averages differed significantly across time periods, distances of 50, 100, and 300 meters, and between suburban and downtown antenna locations. No significant differences in electric field levels were found across different microenvironments. Residents near BTS antennas reported poor sleep quality, with significantly worse sleep for those living within 100 meters compared to those beyond 300 meters. All measured electric field levels were below safety limits set by Iranian and international standards, indicating no potential risk in the study area.

2024 Orientation of birds in radiofrequency fields in the absence of the Earth’s magnetic field: a possible test for the radical pair mechanism of magnetoreception. J. R

Unknown authors · 2024

The magnetic compass sense of migratory songbirds is thought to derive from magnetically sensitive photochemical reactions in cryptochromes located in photoreceptor cells in the birds’ retinas. Spin dynamics simulations indicate that birds may orient in a monochromatic radiofrequency field without the Earth’s magnetic field.

Associations between solar and geomagnetic activity and cognitive function in the Normative Aging study

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers evaluated associations between solar and geomagnetic activity and cognitive function in the Normative Aging Study from 1992 to 2013. They used logistic and linear generalized estimating equations to assess moving averages of sunspot number and Kp index in relation to MMSE scores and six other cognitive tests combined into a global composite score. A one-IQR increase in same-day SSN and Kp index was associated with 17% and 19% higher odds of a low MMSE score, while global cognitive score increased slightly with SSN but backwards digit span decreased.

High-Frequency Hearing Loss Amongst Smart Mobile Phone Users: A Case-Control Study

Jha I, Alam MK, Kumar C, Sinha N, Kumar T · 2024

Autonomous nervous system responses to environmental- level exposure to 5G’s first deployed band (3.5 GHz ) in healthy human volunteers

Jamal et al. · 2024

Researchers conducted a randomized, triple-blind, crossover study with 44 healthy young volunteers exposed to 3.5 GHz signals at 1 to 2 V/m. Each session included baseline, exposure, and postexposure phases with seven runs of electrodermal activity recordings stimulated by beeps and skin temperature measurements at the hand, head, and neck. The study suggests a slight increase in head and neck temperature and minimal modulation of electrodermal metrics after exposure, though results remain within normal physiological range and could reflect an uncontrolled variable.

Investigation of the neuroprotective effect of crocin against electromagnetic field-induced cerebellar damage in male Balb/c mice

Unknown authors · 2024

Twenty-four male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups and the EMF groups were exposed to 2100-MHz EMF for 120 minutes per day over 30 days. After 30 days EMF exposure significantly reduced astrocyte diameter and increased GFAP expression in the cerebellar cortex. Crocin treatment improved astrocyte diameter and normalized GFAP expression.

Impact of specific electromagnetic radiation on wakefulness in mice

Unknown authors · 2024

Previous research found increased wakefulness in mice after prolonged exposure to 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiation with 100 Hz square-pulsed modulation at 1/8 duty cycle. The current study addresses whether modulation frequency, pulse edge sharpness, carrier frequency, and duty cycle matter for sleep and wakefulness alteration.

Changes in the content of dopamine, serotonin, their precursors and derivatives in the prefrontal cortex of young male rats under chronic exposure to a low-intensity electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2024

Researchers studied the content of biogenic amines, their precursors, and derivatives in the prefrontal cortex of male Wistar rats exposed to chronic low-intensity electromagnetic fields from a Wi-Fi device during early postnatal development. Changes in dopamine, serotonin, their precursors, and metabolites were established in the prefrontal cortex. These changes determine the development of neurotransmitter disorders in the central nervous system and subsequently behavioral disorders, deterioration of social adaptation, and cognitive abilities.

Effects of Head-Only Exposure to 900 MHz GSM Electromagnetic Fields in Rats: Changes in Neuronal Activity as Revealed by c-Fos Imaging without Concomitant Cognitive Impairments

Unknown authors · 2024