EMF Research Studies

Differential metabolic responses of mouse Leydig and spermatogonia cells to radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure

Miao X et al. · 2025

Effects of 700MHz radiofrequency radiation (5G lower band) on the reproductive parameters of female Wistar rats

Unknown authors · 2025

Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to 700MHz radiation for short-term (6 hours daily for 10 days) and long-term (4 hours daily for 60 days) periods. No changes were seen in estrous cycles or DNA damage in either exposure group. Testosterone levels increased significantly in exposed rats, while estradiol and progesterone remained normal. Exposed ovaries showed elevated malondialdehyde and reduced superoxide dismutase, total sulfhydryl content, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Histopathology revealed no significant ovarian morphology changes after short-term exposure but cystic follicles and abnormal vasculature after long-term exposure.

The Influence of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi Exposure Duration on Sperm Quality and Testicular Histopathology: An Exploration of Peroxidative Injury

Unknown authors · 2025

Researchers conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA flowchart to evaluate 2'-fucosyllactose as a therapy for necrotizing enterocolitis. After screening 133 titles and abstracts and reviewing 55 full texts, five studies were selected for comprehensive analysis. The review found that 2'-fucosyllactose, a human milk oligosaccharide, has advantageous impacts on the host immune system and digestive tract. Human milk oligosaccharides have been shown to boost immunological response to vaccinations, influence gut microbiota composition, and enhance expression of genes related to gut function.

Effects of Simultaneous In-Vitro Exposure to 5G-Modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-Modulated 1.8 GHz Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Neuronal Network Electrical Activity and Cellular Stress in Skin Fibroblast Cells

Unknown authors · 2025

The study evaluated the in-vitro impact of simultaneous exposure to 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-modulated 1.8 GHz signals on neuronal electrical activity, mitochondrial ROS production, and cellular stress protein responses. Primary cortical neurons and human immortalized skin fibroblasts were exposed at SARs of 1 or 4 W/kg for 15 minutes or 24 hours, respectively. No significant effects were found on the mean bursting rate or mean firing rate of cortical neurons, mitochondrial ROS production in fibroblasts remained unaffected, and HSF1 basal activity and responsiveness to MG132 showed no change. BRET assays detected only minor, inconsistent variations in RAS and PML basal activity and drug responsiveness, near the detection threshold.

The effect on rat peripheral nerve morphology and function of a 900-MHz electromagnetic field applied in the prenatal period

Hancı H, Yenilmez E, Demir S, Yıldırım M, Gedikli Ö, Kaya H · 2025

Nine pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to three groups, with the control group receiving no procedure. The sham group was placed in the EMF cage for 1 hour daily during pregnancy without exposure, and the EMF group was exposed to 900 MHz EMF for the same duration. Offspring were evaluated on postnatal days 21 and 60 with open field and rotarod tests, followed by electrophysiological measurements, and sciatic nerves were analyzed histopathologically, histomorphometrically, immunohistochemically, and biochemically. The study concluded that prenatal 900 MHz EMF exposure adversely affected peripheral nerve development, with persistent morphological changes in the sciatic nerve into adulthood that were not severe enough to impair functional outcomes.

Impact of in vitro exposure to 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz fields on oxidative stress and DNA repair in skin cells

Unknown authors · 2025

Researchers exposed human fibroblasts to 5G RF-EMF at SAR of 0.08 and 4 W/kg for 24 hours using BRET-based biosensors. No significant effect was found on oxidative stress markers, adaptive response, or CPD repair kinetics and efficiency.

Amelioration and Immuno-modulation by Ashwagandha on Wi-fi Induced Oxidative Stress in Regulating Reproduction Via Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Male Japanese Quail

Gupta V, Srivastava R · 2025

Researchers exposed 8-week-old male Japanese quail to 2.4 GHz Wi-fi radiation for 2 hours per day over 30 days and gave some birds oral Ashwagandha root extract at 100 mg/kg body weight. Wi-fi exposure decreased testicular weight, volume, density, and gonado-somatic index, while Ashwagandha increased these measures. Exposed quail showed increased oxidative stress parameters and reduced activity of SOD, catalase, and GSH in testes, and Ashwagandha treatment restored the redox balance. Wi-fi exposure raised corticosterone, lowered testosterone, and reduced estrogen receptor alpha expression in the testis. Wi-fi exposure increased IL1β and decreased IL10 in the testis, while Ashwagandha increased ERα expression, sperm count, and immunity, and decreased IL1β and NF-κB while increasing IL-10.

Effects of 2100 MHz radio-frequency fields on brain tissues and plasma of normal rats and obese rats

Günay S, Delen K, Özkan ET, Kuzay Aksoy D, Sırav Aral B · 2025

Oxidative stress and testicular damage induced by chronic exposure to 35.5 GHz millimeter wave radiation in male Wistar rats

Gautam R, Jha N, Tomar AK, Nirala JP, Arora T, Rajamani P · 2025

The exposed group received 35.5 GHz millimeter wave radiation for 2 hours per day over 60 days. Exposure significantly reduced sperm viability and count and caused morphometric changes in testicular tissue. Lipid peroxidation increased while superoxide dismutase, total sulfhydryl levels, and total antioxidant capacity decreased in exposed rats. DNA damage measured by comet assay was significantly increased in the exposed group.

A Prolonged exposure to Wi-Fi Radiation Induces Neurobehavioral Changes and Oxidative Stress in Adult Zebrafish

Unknown authors · 2025

Researchers evaluated the impact of 2.45GHz Wi-Fi radiation exposure for 4 hours daily over a consecutive 30-day period on neurobehavioral and brain oxidative stress parameters in adult zebrafish. Post-exposure assessments revealed significant neurobehavioral impairments, altered locomotion, decreased neurotransmitter levels (AChE), and increased oxidative stress.

The effects of short-term and long-term 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation on adult rat auditory brainstem response

Er H, Basaranlar G., Derin N., Kantar D, Ozen S. · 2025

Researchers exposed adult rats to 2100 MHz RFR for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, for either 1 week or 10 weeks, with sham controls. In the 1-week exposure group, all auditory brainstem response wave latencies were prolonged, oxidative stress markers increased, and antioxidant enzyme activities decreased. Acute exposure also caused edema in neurons, astrocytes, and astrocytic end-feet, as well as mitochondrial damage in astrocytes. The 10-week exposure group showed no harmful effects on the auditory system.

Short-term exposure of 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiation on cellular ROS generation and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cell line and impact on developing chick embryo brain tissue

Unknown authors · 2025

Chick embryos were exposed continuously to 2.4 GHz EMR for 4 hours each day over 5 days, and SH-SY5Y cells were also exposed to assess cell viability, DNA damage, and apoptosis. Exposure increased ROS production in SH-SY5Y cells after 4 hours, caused moderate DNA damage, and upregulated the Bax gene as an early apoptosis marker. Antioxidants NAC and Mito-TEMPO reduced the cytotoxic effects of EMR in both models.

A Novel Method for Achieving Precision and Reproducibility in a 1.8 GHz Radiofrequency Exposure System That Modulates Intracellular ROS as a Function of Signal Amplitude in Human Cell Cultures

Unknown authors · 2025

Nanoparticle-EMF synergism: a study on the combined effects on developmental and behavioral endpoints in Drosophila melanogaster

Bhandari M et al. · 2025

Protective effects of quercetin against 3.5 GHz RF radiation-induced thyroid dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats

Bektas H, Bese Akgun BB, Cakir S, Dogu S, Ahnas B · 2025

Possible effects of melatonin and omega-3 on the obesity-related hypothalamic nuclei of the electromagnetic field-exposed offspring rats: a stereological and immunohistochemical analysis

Altun G, Kaplan S · 2025

Offspring hypothalamic neurons were analyzed using stereological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural methods, and anxiety and locomotor behaviors were assessed. EMF exposure reduced neuron numbers in the arcuate nucleus and increased anxiety-like behavior in offspring. Oxidative stress markers were altered and NPY immunoreactivity was stronger in EMF-exposed offspring, while melatonin and omega-3 did not show clear therapeutic effects.

Prophylactic Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Pulmonary Ischemia-Reperfusion via HIF-1α/eNOS Pathway and BCL2/BAX Signaling

Unknown authors · 2025

Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (Sham, IR, IR+RF-EMF, RF-EMF), and IR was applied by 60 minutes of left lung hilus clamping followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion, while all rats were kept in the RF-EMF unit for 60 minutes with or without activation. IR injury increased emphysematous findings, hyperemia, septal thickness, TNF-alpha and caspase-3 expression, and raised total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, HIF-1α, eNOS, and BAX while decreasing BCL2. In the IR+RF-EMF group, improvement was detected in all parameters, indicating antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects through the HIF-1α/eNOS and BCL-2/BAX pathways.

Potential Effects of Anthropogenic Radiofrequency Radiation on Cetaceans

Balmori-de la Puente A, Balmori A · 2024

The paper reviews types and causes of cetacean strandings, focusing on mass strandings lacking a direct scientific explanation. The authors propose that anthropogenic radiofrequency radiation from military and meteorological radars may cause strandings in areas with powerful radars. They searched accessible databases of military and meteorological radars worldwide and reviewed research articles on mass live strandings to find temporal or spatial patterns. The data showed certain patterns of spatial and temporal evidence in stranding concentrations along the coast after radar setup and described how radars may interfere with cetacean echolocation. Plausible mechanisms such as interference with echolocation systems or pulse communication systems are proposed.

Relationship between radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation from cellular phones and brain tumor: meta-analyses using various proxies for RF-EMR exposure-outcome assessment

Moon et al · 2024

The authors performed meta-analyses of the association between mobile phone use and brain tumor development using various RF-EMR exposure subcategories. The analysis included 19 case-control studies and five cohort studies. Ipsilateral use was associated with a pooled odds ratio of 1.40, and use for more than 10 years showed a pooled odds ratio of 1.27. Cumulative use over 896 hours yielded a pooled odds ratio of 1.59, and cohort studies found no statistically significant associations for any brain tumor type.

The role of curcumin during pregnancy on the exposed fetuses' tissues of Wistar rats to electromagnetic field

Unknown authors · 2024

After four weeks the offspring were sacrificed and hippocampal, kidney, and liver tissues were examined for injury. EMF exposure increased necrotic areas in the hippocampus, hyperemia and necrosis in the kidneys, and degeneration in the liver compared with the group that received both EMF and curcumin. Daily curcumin during pregnancy prevented these tissue injuries in the fetuses.

Impact of exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on blood pressure, heart rate variation and disturbance to quality of sleep on industrial workers in Korea

Weerasinghe AM, Liyanage S, Kawshalya MADR, Hong SC · 2024

Brain structure alterations following neonatal exposure to low- frequency electromagnetic fields: A histological analysis

Sissons SM, Dotta BT · 2024

Researchers exposed perinatal rats to tap water, L-arginine, or N-methylarginine, with half of each group also receiving a 7-Hz square-wave EMF at 5, 50, or 500 nT for 2 to 14 days after birth. Brains were harvested in adulthood at a mean age of 568.17 days and stained with Toluidine Blue O for neuronal counts in the hippocampus, cortices, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Histological analysis revealed a main EMF effect of increased neuronal counts in the secondary somatosensory cortex at low intensities, a significant increase in the left CA3 region in exposed females, and a significant increase in the right entorhinal cortex in exposed males.

Electric and magnetic field pollution in near substations and investigation of anxiety and depressive effects on adult individuals living in this area

Sert C, Başak N, Koruk İ · 2024

Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Treatment on ASD Symptoms in Children: A Pilot Study

Unknown authors · 2024

The study enrolled 20 children aged 2 to 13 with a confirmed ASD diagnosis. They received ELF-EMF treatments using the SEQEX device over a 15-week protocol with day and night programs. Receptive language scores on the PPVT-4 improved from 74.07 to 90.40 (p=0.002) and expressive language scores on the EOWPVT-4 improved from 84.17 to 90.50 (p=0.041). Externalizing problems decreased significantly in both the 1.5–5 year group (p=0.028) and the 6–18 year group (p=0.027).

Migratory birds can extract positional information from magnetic inclination and magnetic declination alone

Unknown authors · 2024