Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Zetterberg H, Hardell L · 2012
Three hundred and fourteen people aged 18-65 years were recruited from Örebro, Sweden, using the population registry. They used linear regression analyses adjusted for covariates to examine associations between serum β-trace protein and short- and long-term wireless phone use. Overall, no statistically significant association was found, but a negative association emerged for long-term use in the 18-30 year age group.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2012
The case-control study included Sixty-nine patients with salivary gland tumours (63 with a parotid gland tumour) and 262 randomly recruited controls. Wireless phone use was not associated with an overall increased risk of salivary gland tumours, odds ratio 0.8 (95% CI 0.4-1.5). There was no increased risk for different phone types, latencies, or cumulative use groups. The overall results were similar for the risk of parotid gland tumours.
Ros-Llor I et al. · 2012
Researchers conducted a cohort study of 50 Caucasian mobile phone users, collecting two cheek mucosa cell samples from each participant. No statistically significant changes were recorded for age, gender, body mass index, or smoking status, and comparisons by phone side and exposure duration showed no significant differences. The authors reported no genotoxic effects from RF exposure for any study parameter.
Redmayne M, Smith E, Abramson MJ. · 2012
The researchers aimed to explain features commonly observed in wireless phone recall data and to improve analytical procedures. They surveyed 373 adolescents from 16 schools with an 85% participation rate. The recall data followed a logarithmic mental process, and the authors recommend log-transforming the data and using the geometric mean for analysis.
Redmayne M, Smith E, Abramson MJ. · 2012
Researchers developed a Bayesian forecasting method to reduce estimation bias in recalled cell phone use. Participants recalled their SMS texting and provided actual use data from their provider as the gold standard. The Bayesian method substantially reduced estimation bias that arises from large random error in recall. The method can lead to more accurate relative risk calculations for mid-to-heavy users when applied to suitable data.
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to a 2450 MHz Wi-Fi signal for 2 hours per day, 6 days per week, for 18 days at whole-body specific absorption rates of 0.08, 0.4, and 4 W/kg. The prenatal study examined fetuses delivered by caesarean section from five females per group, and dams with offspring were observed for 28 days after delivery with 15 females per group. No abnormalities were noted in pregnant rats and no significant signs of toxicity were observed in pre- and postnatal development of pups, even at the highest exposure level of 4 W/kg.
Mild KH, Andersen JB, Pedersen GF. · 2012
Several earlier studies used a GSM phone in stand-by mode as an exposure source and reported effects on sleep and testicular function. The authors explain that in stand-by mode the phone is only active during periodic location updates set by the network operator. Typical updates occur every 2 to 5 hours, and between updates the phone acts as a passive receiver with no microwave emission. They conclude that exposure in stand-by mode can be considered negligible.
Marjanović AM, Pavičić I, Trošić I · 2012
Radiation from man-made sources has exceeded natural radiation due to rapid technological progress. There is general concern about appliances using radiofrequency and microwave radiation, especially mobile communication systems. The authors identify reactive oxygen species generation as a plausible mechanism for radiofrequency and microwave radiation effects. Excessive reactive oxygen species production can overload antioxidant defenses and lead to cellular damage with potential for disease development. Further research is needed to understand the exact mechanism and consequences.
Laudisi F et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to WiFi signals at 2450 MHz with a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for two hours daily during gestation. Thymocyte count, phenotype, and proliferation were unchanged in exposed offspring. These null effects were consistent in both sexes at 5 and 26 weeks of age.
Kwon MK, Kim SK, Koo JM, Choi JY, Kim DW. · 2012
The study used a double-blind design with 17 EHS and 20 non-EHS volunteers exposed to real and sham RF-EMF sessions. There was no indication that EHS subjects perceive RF-EMFs better than non-EHS subjects. Exposure used a WCDMA module at 1950 MHz with an average power of 24 dBm and a specific absorption rate of 1.57 W/kg for 32 min.
Kwon MK, Choi JY, Kim SK, Yoo TK, Kim DW. · 2012
In this double-blind study, two volunteer groups of 17 EHS and 20 non-EHS subjects were simultaneously investigated for physiological changes (heart rate, heart rate variability, and respiration rate), eight subjective symptoms, and perception of RF-EMFs during real and sham exposure sessions. Experiments were conducted using a dummy phone containing a WCDMA module (average power, 24 dBm at 1950 MHz; specific absorption rate, 1.57 W/kg) within a headset placed on the head for 32 min. WCDMA RF-EMFs generated no physiological changes or subjective symptoms in either group, and there was no evidence that EHS subjects perceived RF-EMFs better than non-EHS subjects.
Hintzsche H et al. · 2012
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2012
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of the Hardell group and Interphone studies on mobile phone use and brain tumours. The meta-analysis found an odds ratio of 1.71 for glioma in the temporal lobe in the latency group of 10 years or more. For ipsilateral mobile phone use with a latency of 10 years or more, the odds ratio for acoustic neuroma was 1.81. The analysis also reported an odds ratio of 2.29 for ipsilateral mobile phone use of 1640 hours or more, and an odds ratio of 2.55 for ipsilateral cumulative use of 1640 hours or more. The Hardell group studies also found that cordless phone use increased the risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma.
Ghosn R et al. · 2012
Volunteers participated in a double-blind, crossover study with sham and real GSM 900 MHz mobile phone exposure sessions lasting 20 minutes each. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity, pulsatility index, and resistance index were measured noninvasively with transcranial Doppler sonography before, during, and after exposure. No significant changes were detected in studied variables in middle cerebral arteries during sham or real exposure.
Frei P et al. · 2012
Researchers enrolled 1375 randomly selected participants from Basel, Switzerland, in 2008 with a one-year follow-up and 82% participation rate. Far-field environmental RF-EMF exposure was predicted using a validated model, and near-field exposure was assessed via self-reported phone use and operator data. For participants in the top decile of far-field exposure compared to those below the median, the change in von Zerssen score was -0.12 (95% CI -1.79 to 1.56) and the change in HIT-6 score was -0.37 (95% CI -1.80 to 1.07). Exposure to near-field sources and changes in exposure over time were not related to non-specific symptoms, and no association was observed for tinnitus.
Elwood JM. · 2012
An extensive study investigated the health of embassy staff and their families, comparing Moscow embassy staff with staff in other Eastern European US embassies. The resulting large report has never been published in peer reviewed literature. The extensive study reports on mortality and morbidity, recorded on medical records and by regular examinations, and on self-reported symptoms. Exposure levels were low, but similar or greater than present-day exposures to radiofrequencies sources such as cell phone base stations. The conclusions were that no adverse health effects of the radiation were shown.
Deltour I et al. · 2012
Researchers analyzed annual age-standardized glioma incidence rates in men and women aged 20 to 79 years in the Nordic countries from 1979 to 2008 using joinpoint regression, including 35,250 cases. Incidence rates decreased in young men since 1987, remained stable in middle-aged men, and increased slightly in older men, with an overall annual percent change of 0.4% in men and 0.3% in women. Simulations indicated that relative risks of 2.0 for up to 15 years, 1.5 for up to 10 years, and 1.2 for up to 5 years for all users, as well as risks of 2.0 for up to 5 years for heavy users, were incompatible with observed trends.
Colak C et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed rats to 3G MP electromagnetic radiation for 20 days, 40 minutes per day, with 20 minutes in active speech position and 20 minutes in passive listening position. The results did not show significant differences in blood pressure, heart rate, or ECG parameters among the groups before or after the experiment. Melatonin did not exhibit any additional effects, neither beneficial nor hazardous, on the heart hemodynamics of rats.
Bourthoumieu S et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed human amniotic cells to GSM-900 radiofrequency fields for 24 hours at SARs of 0.25, 1, 2, and 4 W/kg. They measured p53 protein expression and phosphorylation at serine 15 and 37 using Western blot after three independent exposures from three donors. No significant changes in p53 expression or activation were found at any of the tested SARs up to 4 W/kg in human embryonic cells. Bleomycin-exposed cells served as a positive control.
Augner C, Gnambs T, Winker R, Barth A. · 2012
The meta-analysis aimed to clarify whether RF-EMF influence well-being in self-reported sensitive persons and non-sensitive people. It included 17 studies with 1174 participants and combined the single effects of subjective and objective outcomes into a single population parameter. No significant impact of short-term RF-EMF exposure was found on any parameter.
Kismali G, Ozgur E, Guler G, Akcay A, Sel T, Seyhan N. · 2012
Researchers exposed 13-month-old New Zealand White rabbits to whole-body 1800 MHz GSM-like radiofrequency radiation for 15 minutes per day for seven days. The study used four groups: non-pregnant controls, non-pregnant exposed, pregnant controls, and pregnant exposed. Lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde levels did not change after exposure. Several blood chemistry parameters including cholesterol, total protein, albumin, uric acid, creatinine, creatine kinase, and CK-MB changed due to both pregnancy and RFR exposure. No indication of oxidative stress was detected in pregnant rabbits, though CK-MB and CK increases were described as remarkable.
Hong MN et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells to single frequencies of 837 MHz or 1950 MHz, or both frequencies together, at a SAR of 4 W/kg for 2 hours while maintaining isothermal temperature. They measured intracellular ROS, SOD enzyme activity, and GSH/GSSG ratio and found no statistically significant alterations from either single or multiple RF radiation exposures. Ionizing radiation used as a positive control showed evident changes in all measured endpoints. The results indicate that single or multiple RF radiation exposure did not elicit oxidative stress in MCF10A cells under these conditions.
Demirel S, Doganay S, Turkoz Y, Dogan Z, Turan B, Firat PG. · 2012
Eighteen Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to either 3G mobile phone radiation exposure for 20 days or a control group with no exposure. Researchers measured glutathione peroxidase and catalase in eye tissue, and malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione in blood. No significant differences were found in GSH-Px (p = 0.99) or CAT (p = 0.18) activity in eye tissue between exposed and control rats. No significant differences were found in MDA (p = 0.69) or GSH levels (p = 0.83) in blood between groups.
Vannoni D et al. · 2012
Researchers cultured isolated human osteoarthritic chondrocytes in vitro, some stimulated with IL-1beta or IGF-1 to mimic osteoarthritis imbalance. The cells were exposed to extremely low frequency (100 Hz) electromagnetic fields and to Therapeutic Application of Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Fields (TAMMEF) with variable frequencies, intensities, and waveforms. Using flow cytometry, they tested effects on chondrocyte metabolism. Exposure to both systems enhanced cell proliferation and did not generate reactive oxygen species, cause glutathione depletion, change mitochondrial transmembrane potential, or induce apoptosis.
Lee HJ, Jin YB, Lee JS, Choi JI, Lee JW, Myung SH, Lee YS. · 2012
NIH3T3 cells were exposed to a 60 Hz ELF-MF at 1 mT for 4 hours, alone or with ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or c-Myc overexpression. A 4 hour exposure to ELF-MF alone produced no cell transformation. ELF-MF exposure did not influence the transformation activity of ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or activated c-Myc, indicating no additive or synergistic effects.
