Kundi M. · 2010
Researchers identified 33 epidemiologic studies in the peer-reviewed literature, mostly 25 about brain tumors. Methodologic considerations revealed three important conditions for detecting increased risk are not met: no evidence-based exposure metric, observed duration of mobile phone use generally too low, and no evidence-based selection of end points among neoplasias due to lack of etiologic hypotheses. The overall evidence speaks in favor of an increased risk, but its magnitude cannot be assessed at present because of insufficient information on long-term use.
Kowall B, Breckenkamp J, Heyer K, Berg-Beckhoff G. · 2010
Researchers surveyed a random sample of German general practitioners using long and short postal questionnaires about electromagnetic fields and health. 37.3% of short-questionnaire responders and 57.5% of long-questionnaire responders agreed that health complaints can be caused by electromagnetic fields even when legal limits are met. A late responder analysis for the short questionnaire yielded a lower estimate of 29% of general practitioners believing in health-relevant effects of electromagnetic fields. The authors concluded that about a third of German general practitioners associate electromagnetic fields with health complaints and thus deviate considerably from current scientific knowledge.
Khurana VG et al. · 2010
Researchers searched PubMed and identified 10 epidemiological studies on mobile phone base station health effects. Seven studies examined neurobehavioral effects and three studied cancer. Eight of the ten studies reported increased prevalence of adverse neurobehavioral symptoms or cancer in populations living within 500 meters of base stations. None of the studies reported exposures above international guidelines, suggesting guidelines may be inadequate.
Kelsh MA et al. · 2010
Researchers measured mobile phone RF power output using software-modified phones and a phantom head in a vehicle across urban, suburban, and rural routes. Technology was the strongest predictor of RF power output, with analog producing the highest levels and CDMA the lowest. RF power output was generally higher in rural areas. Software-modified phone readings correlated well with phantom measurements.
Joseph W, Verloock L. · 2010
The study compared mobile phone traffic patterns with radiofrequency exposure from base stations at five sites over seven days. Periods of high exposure matched periods of high traffic during each day. The researchers determined how long measurements must last to accurately estimate weekly maximum and average exposure. They found that required measurement periods can be very long, so they proposed a new calculation method using normalized traffic data.
Joseph W et al. · 2010
Johansson A, Nordin S, Heiden M, Sandström M. · 2010
Researchers assessed symptoms and psychological measures in 45 people with mobile phone-related symptoms and 71 with electromagnetic hypersensitivity, compared with a population-based sample of 106 and a control group of 63 using self-report questionnaires. The electromagnetic hypersensitivity group reported more symptoms overall, both EMF-related and nonrelated; the mobile phone group reported more somatosensory symptoms and the electromagnetic hypersensitivity group more neurasthenic symptoms. In direct comparison the groups differed only on somatization and listlessness; compared with reference groups the MP group had higher exhaustion and depression but not anxiety, somatization, or stress, while the EHS group had higher levels of all conditions except stress.
Hutter HP et al. · 2010
Researchers enrolled 100 consecutive tinnitus patients and matched controls in a case-control study. Mobile phone use was assessed using the Interphone Study protocol and analyzed with conditional logistic regression adjusting for education and urban residence. Regular mobile phone use and cumulative hours were not significantly associated with tinnitus, but use for four years or more showed an odds ratio of 1.95.
Heinrich S, Thomas S, Heumann C, von Kries R, Radon K. · 2010
A population-based cross-sectional study in Germany from 2006 to 2008 generated 24-hour exposure profiles for 1484 children and 1508 adolescents using personal dosimeters. Acute symptoms were assessed twice daily with a symptom diary, and only a few statistically significant associations were found, including higher headache intensity in adolescents with highest morning exposure at noon and higher irritation and concentration problem intensities at bedtime. The authors observed that the few significant results were not consistent over the two time points, could not be confirmed in the top 10% highest exposure group, and concluded the associations likely occurred by chance.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2010
Researchers conducted a case-control study of deceased brain tumor cases aged 20-80 years diagnosed during 1997-2003, using two control groups of deceased individuals who died from other cancers or other diseases. Exposure was assessed via questionnaires sent to next-of-kin, with response rates of 75% for cases, 74% for cancer controls, and 60% for other-disease controls. Mobile phone use showed increased risk with >10 years latency (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.4-4.1) and with >2,000 hours cumulative use (OR=3.4, 95% CI=1.6-7.1), while cordless phone use showed no clear association.
Goldwein O, Aframian DJ. · 2010
Fragopoulou AF, Koussoulakos SL, Margaritis LH. · 2010
Physically comparable pregnant mice were exposed to GSM 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation from a mobile phone. Within 5h after birth most pups were fixed and processed with double staining and paraffin histology, while other pups remained with their mothers until teeth eruption. Exposed newborns appeared normal externally, but histological examination revealed variations in cranial bone and rib ossification and displacement of Meckelian cartilage.
Danker-Hopfe H, Dorn H, Bornkessel C, Sauter C. · 2010
Researchers conducted a double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized cross-over study with 397 residents exposed to GSM base station signals and sham exposure at home for 12 nights. No significant differences in objective or subjective sleep measures were found between real and sham exposure conditions. During sham exposure nights, participants with concerns about health risks from base stations had significantly worse sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and subjective sleep latency than those without concerns. The authors concluded that EMF from base stations did not affect sleep quality, but the presence of base stations themselves may negatively impact sleep.
Crespo-Valero P et al. · 2010
The methodology enhances dosimetry assessment using finite difference time domain simulations or compliance dosimetry measurements. Applications include detailed dosimetric analysis of brain exposure during cell phone use and improved design of exposure setups for human studies. A hierarchical labeling scheme mapped onto high-resolution human models automatically identifies over a thousand brain sites. Electromagnetic absorption can be extracted and interpreted for any brain region or combination of regions.
Cooke R, Laing S, Swerdlow AJ. · 2010
Researchers conducted a case-control study in South East England with 806 leukemia cases and 585 controls to investigate mobile phone use and leukemia risk. No association was found between regular mobile phone use and leukemia risk (OR=1.06, 95% CI=0.76-1.46). Analyses of years since first use, lifetime years of use, cumulative calls, and cumulative hours showed no significantly raised risks and no trends.
Colletti V et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed seven patients with Ménière's disease undergoing retrosigmoid vestibular neurectomy to a mobile phone placed over the craniotomy for 5 minutes. All patients showed a substantial decrease in amplitude and a significant increase in latency of cochlear nerve compound action potentials during the 5 minutes of exposure. The changes lasted for around 5 minutes after exposure ended.
Christ A, Gosselin MC, Christopoulou M, Kühn S, Kuster N. · 2010
Researchers compared absorption in cortex regions using MRI-based head phantoms of adults and children exposed to different mobile phone models. Locally induced fields in children were significantly higher (>3 dB) in brain subregions (cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus) and the eye due to closer phone proximity. Bone marrow showed an even larger increase (>10 dB) due to its high conductivity. Pineal gland showed no increase as its distance to the phone does not change with age. The study confirmed no age-dependent changes in peak spatial SAR when averaged over the entire head.
Chen YB, Li J, Qi Y, Miao X, Zhou Y, Ren D, Guo GZ. · 2010
Researchers exposed insulin solution to EMP using a GTEM cell and compared it with sham-exposed insulin. EMP-exposed insulin showed significantly reduced bioactivity in lowering fasting blood glucose in type I diabetic mice (p = 0.023). The percentage of FITC labeling of HL-7702 cells was significantly lower with EMP-exposed insulin (22.7% vs 13.8%). Fluorescence intensity of insulin was also significantly reduced after EMP exposure (p < 0.001).
Chavdoula ED, Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH. · 2010
Researchers exposed Drosophila melanogaster to GSM-900MHz radiation for 6 minutes daily to compare continuous and intermittent exposure effects on reproductive capacity and apoptotic cell death. Previous work showed 6-minute continuous daily exposure for five days greatly reduced reproductive capacity, measured by F1 pupae count, and this decrease was non-thermal and linked to increased DNA fragmentation in egg chamber cells. The current experiments found intermittent exposure also reduced reproductive capacity and disrupted the actin-cytoskeleton network of egg chambers, with the effect also due to DNA fragmentation. Intermittent exposures with 10-minute intervals were almost as effective as continuous exposure, while longer intervals allowed the flies to partly recover.
Cao Y, Xu Q, Jin ZD, Zhang J, Lu MX, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2010
Researchers examined the effects of microwave exposure on the hematopoietic system adversely altered by gamma-ray irradiation in mice. Preexposure to low-dose microwaves reduced the damage from gamma-ray irradiation, shown by less severe pathological changes in bone marrow and spleen. The authors suggested the protection came from increased hematopoietic growth factors, stimulated granulocyte-macrophage proliferation, and reduced suppression of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. They concluded that prior microwave exposure may protect against gamma-ray injury to the hematopoietic system in mice.
Behrens T et al. · 2010
Researchers investigated the association between occupational electromagnetic field exposure and uveal melanoma risk in a case-control study across nine European countries, interviewing 293 patients and 3198 controls. Participants were asked about work near high-voltage electrical transmission installations, computer screens, various electrical machines, or complex electrical environments. Analyses used unconditional logistic regression stratified by sex and eye color, adjusting for potential confounders. Women exposed to electrical transmission installations showed elevated risks with an odds ratio of 5.81 (95% CI 1.72 to 19.66). Most risk increases were restricted to subjects with dark iris color.
Angelone LM, Bit-Babik G, Chou CK. · 2010
Researchers performed a finite-difference time-domain simulation of a human head model with EEG electrodes and leads exposed to RF sources at 915 MHz and 1748 MHz. Whole-head and peak 10-g average SAR changed by less than 20% with leads present, and peak SAR values remained below ICNIRP and IEEE limits. However, a volumetric assessment revealed a two-order-of-magnitude increase in single-voxel power absorption in the epidermis and a 40-fold increase in the brain when metallic leads were used with a 915 MHz mobile phone.
Aksu R et al. · 2010
Researchers used 18 New Zealand rabbits divided into three groups, and ligated the left sciatic nerve in two groups. Pulsed radiofrequency was applied to the L5 and L6 dorsal roots of one group at 42°C for 8 minutes. Ten days after nerve ligation, both ligated groups showed lower responses to heat and mechanical stimuli compared with baseline, confirming neuropathic pain. In the PRF-treated group, responses to the hot plate test returned to baseline levels by two weeks and to mechanical stimuli by three weeks, while the untreated ligated group continued to show decreased responses at four weeks. The researchers concluded that pulsed radiofrequency reduced the hyperalgesia caused by neuropathic pain.
Akimoto S et al. · 2010
Researchers calculated SAR distribution in a fetus using a numerical model of a pregnant woman exposed to the near-field of a normal mode helical antenna at 150 MHz. Fetal SARs were greatly affected by the distance and penetration path from the antenna to the fetal surface and were lower than occupational RF safety guidelines.
Lakshmi NK, Tiwari R, Bhargava SC, Ahuja YR. · 2010
Overall DNA damage and micronuclei incidence did not differ significantly between exposed and control groups. Subgroups were analyzed by total duration of use in years and daily frequency in minutes. Long-term users of more than 10 years showed higher DNA damage and increased micronuclei frequency. DNA damage was measured with the alkaline comet assay and micronuclei with the cytochalasin blocked micronucleus assay.
