de Gannes FP et al. · 2009
In the study, 16 Fischer 344 rats (14 weeks old) were exposed head-only to the GSM-900 signal for 2 h at various brain-averaged SARs (0, 0.14 and 2.0 W/kg) or were used as cage or positive controls. Albumin leakage and neuron degeneration were evaluated 14 and 50 days after exposure. No statistically significant albumin leakage was observed. Neuronal degeneration assessed using cresyl violet or Fluoro-Jade B was not significantly different among the tested groups. No apoptotic neurons were found 14 days after the last exposure using the TUNEL method.
Wake K et al. · 2009
Compliance testing data are measured only on the surface near the device and in a small 3D region around the maximum on a homogeneous phantom. Validation confirmed the method provided good estimation of 3D SAR distribution in the head, especially in the brain. The method has been used in several studies in the INTERPHONE.
Vrijheid M et al. · 2009
The study aimed to quantify selection bias from nonparticipation in a multinational case-control study of mobile phone use and brain tumor. Regular mobile phone use was reported less often by nonparticipants who completed the non-response questionnaire than by participants who completed the full interview. Bias factors ranged from 0.87 to 0.92, indicating roughly a 10% downward bias in odds ratios.
Schüz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. · 2009
Researchers conducted a large nationwide cohort study of mobile phone subscribers whose first subscription was between 1982 and 1995 and followed them through 2003 for central nervous system hospital contacts. Standardized hospitalization ratios were calculated by comparing observed hospital contacts in the cohort to expected numbers in the Danish population. The ratios were increased by 10-20% for migraine and vertigo, showed no association for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, or epilepsy in women, and were decreased by 30-40% for dementia, Parkinson disease, and epilepsy among men.
Myung SK et al. · 2009
Researchers investigated the association between mobile phone use and tumor risk using a meta-analysis of 23 case-control studies involving 37,916 participants. The overall odds ratio for mobile phone use compared with never or rare use was 0.98 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.07), indicating no significant association. Studies using blinding showed a significant positive association, while those without blinding showed a significant negative association. Mobile phone use for 10 years or longer was associated with an increased risk of tumors (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34). The authors concluded there is possible evidence linking mobile phone use to increased tumor risk from low-biased case-control studies and called for prospective cohort studies.
Lu L, Xu H, Wang X, Guo G. · 2009
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to electromagnetic pulses and assessed blood-retinal barrier permeability at 2 and 24 hours. Exposure increased barrier permeability and decreased occludin expression most at 24 hours. The permeability increase correlated with higher nitric oxide formation and nitric oxide synthase activity. A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor blocked the barrier breakdown and prevented the changes in nitric oxide, synthase activity, and occludin.
Landgrebe M, Frick U, Hauser S, Hajak G, Langguth B. · 2009
The study used a case-control design with 89 electromagnetic hypersensitive patients and 107 matched controls to assess tinnitus occurrence and severity by questionnaires. Tinnitus was significantly more frequent in the electromagnetic hypersensitive group (50.72% vs. 17.5%) while tinnitus duration and severity did not differ between groups. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity and tinnitus were independent risk factors for sleep disturbances, but measures of individual EMF exposure like cell phone use did not show any association with tinnitus.
Hartikka H et al. · 2009
Researchers performed a case-case analysis of 99 gliomas using logistic regression, defining the tumor midpoint from radiological imaging. Exposed cases were those with the tumor midpoint within 4.6 cm from the line between the mouth and the external meatus of the ear, representing the most likely phone location. A slightly higher proportion of gliomas among mobile phone users than non-users occurred within 4.6 cm from the presumed phone location (28% vs 14%), with modestly elevated odds ratios for several use indicators but no exposure gradient.
Hardell L, Carlberg M. · 2009
Researchers conducted two case-control studies from 1997 to 2003 assessing mobile and cordless phone use in relation to brain tumors. They analyzed 905 malignant brain tumor cases, 1,254 benign cases, and 2,162 population-based controls. Ipsilateral mobile phone use for over 10 years showed an odds ratio of 3.3 for astrocytoma, while cordless phone use showed an odds ratio of 5.0. For acoustic neuroma, ipsilateral mobile phone use with >10 year latency had an odds ratio of 3.0, and cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 2.3. The annual age-adjusted incidence of astrocytoma increased significantly by 2.16% from 2000 to 2007 in Sweden.
Han YY, Kano H, Davis DL, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD. · 2009
The authors conducted a PubMed search and reviewed 10 case-control studies, one cohort study, and a meta-analysis on cell phone use and acoustic neuroma risk. Most studies did not find an association between cell phone use and acoustic neuroma, but some studies with 10 years or more of follow-up showed an association. The meta-analysis of three case-control studies found a 2.4-fold greater risk of ipsilateral acoustic neuroma for those who used cell phones for at least 10 years.
Hagiwara S, Iwasaka H, Takeshima N, Noguchi T. · 2009
Sciatic nerves were treated with PRF at 37 degrees and 42 degrees, which inhibited hyperalgesia in the inflammatory groups when compared to RF and sham treatment. This effect was attenuated after intrathecal administration of the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine, the selective 5-HT3 serotonin receptor antagonist MDL72222, and the non-selective serotonin receptor antagonist methysergide. All three drugs were found to significantly inhibit the analgesic effect of PRF. The results suggest that the analgesic action of PRF involves the enhancement of noradrenergic and serotonergic descending pain inhibitory pathways.
Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. · 2009
Researchers studied thirty-six infant male New Zealand rabbits divided into four groups with different exposure regimens. Group 2 received extrauterine exposure for 15 minutes daily over 14 days, Group 3 received intrauterine exposure for 15 minutes daily over 7 days, and Group 4 received both exposures. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured across frequencies from 1.0 to 8.0 kHz. Extrauterine exposure alone decreased emission amplitudes at 4.0 and 6.0 kHz compared with controls. Combined intrauterine and extrauterine exposure increased amplitudes at 1.5, 3.0, and 4.0 kHz relative to controls and the extrauterine group.
Budak GG et al. · 2009
Researchers studied 18 pregnant and 18 non-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits, randomly divided into four groups. Nine pregnant and nine non-pregnant rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RFR for 15 minutes daily over 7 days, while the remaining rabbits were not exposed. Cochlear function was measured using distortion product otoacoustic emissions at frequencies from 1.0 to 8.0 kHz. In pregnant rabbits, DPOAE amplitudes did not differ between exposed and unexposed groups except at 2.0 kHz. In non-pregnant rabbits, exposed animals showed lower DPOAE amplitudes at 1.0 to 4.0 kHz compared to unexposed animals.
Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. · 2009
Augner C, Hacker GW. · 2009
The study examined whether people who believe they live close to mobile phone base stations show greater psychological or psychobiological strain. Fifty-seven participants completed questionnaires and provided saliva samples for alpha-amylase, cortisol, immunoglobulin A, and substance P. Self-declared base station neighbors (within 100 meters) had higher salivary alpha-amylase and higher scores on several symptom checklist subscales and the global strain index, but no difference in EMF-related health concerns.
Acar GO, Yener HM, Savrun FK, Kalkan T, Bayrak I, Enver O. · 2009
Tissue temperature around the facial nerve was measured with a four-channel Luxtron fiber optic system and rose by 0.39 K during and immediately after exposure, returning to baseline after 25 minutes. Facial nerve compound muscle action potential amplitudes decreased significantly after exposure but returned to normal at the 25-minute measurement.
Abramson MJ et al. · 2009
Capone F et al. · 2009
Researchers used transcranial brain stimulation to study the effect of PEMFs on cortical excitability in 22 healthy volunteers. After 45 minutes of PEMF exposure, intracortical facilitation increased by about 20% while other cortical excitability parameters remained unchanged. Sham field exposure produced no effects. The increase in paired-pulse facilitation suggests PEMFs may enhance cortical excitatory neurotransmission.
Vácha M, Puzová T, Kvícalová M · 2009
Researchers tested how weak radio frequency magnetic fields affect the American cockroach's ability to sense the geomagnetic field. A 1.2 MHz field disrupted this sense at intensities between 12 nT and 18 nT, while a 2.4 MHz field required between 18 nT and 44 nT. A 7 MHz field had no effect even at the highest tested intensity of 44 nT. The disruptive effect was strongest at the Larmor frequency of 1.2 MHz. The researchers measured the rise in locomotor activity induced by periodic changes in the geomagnetic North position by 60 degrees.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2009
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 1000 adults aged 18–65 to test whether wireless telephone use was associated with changes in serum transthyretin. Logistic regression found increased but non-significant odds ratios for dichotomized transthyretin levels. Linear regression showed that in men, longer use of analogue or combined mobile and cordless desktop phones was associated with higher transthyretin, while longer UMTS use was associated with lower levels. In women, shorter time since the most recent call was associated with higher transthyretin concentrations. Time since first use of mobile phones and DECT combined was associated with higher transthyretin regardless of usage fractions.
Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M · 2009
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 50 missed calls per day for four weeks from a GSM mobile phone in vibratory mode. After exposure, the rats were tested for spatial memory using the Morris water maze test. Both exposed and control rats decreased their escape time with training. Phone-exposed rats had about three times higher mean latency to reach the target quadrant and spent about two times less time in it than controls.
Luria R, Eliyahu I, Hareuveny R, Margaliot M, Meiran N. · 2009
The study examined time-dependent effects of GSM phone radiation on human cognitive function. Forty-eight healthy right-handed men performed a spatial working memory task while exposed to phones on the left, right, or sham. Right-hand responses were slower during left-side exposure in the first two blocks compared to right-side and sham. Researchers concluded exposure duration, responding hand, and exposure side may affect detectability of RFR effects.
Kumar RS, Sareesh NN, Nayak S, Mailankot M. · 2009
The study aimed to determine whether mobile phone exposure causes changes in rat behavior on the elevated plus maze. Rats were divided into control and exposure groups of six each. Exposed rats were tested at one hour and 24 hours after exposure, while controls were tested with the 24-hour group. The researchers stated that preliminary results indicate mobile phone exposure induced a deficit in open arm exploration on the elevated plus maze.
Pérez-Castejón C et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human astrocytoma cells (Clonetics line 1321N1) to a 9.6 GHz carrier wave amplitude-modulated by extremely low frequency pulses in a GTEM cell. The exposure parameters included pulse widths of 100-120 ns, pulse repetition frequencies of 100-800 Hz, power of 0.34-0.60 mW, electric field strength of 1.25-1.64 V/m, and a SAR of 4.0 x 10-4 W/Kg. Cells were exposed for 15, 30, 60 minutes, and 24 hours using a double-blind method with sham controls. Cytoskeleton proteins, cell morphology, and viability were unchanged, but cell proliferation rate increased significantly after 24 hours of exposure. Hsp-70 and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins were present in both control and exposed samples, while connexin 43 protein expression increased in exposed samples.
Li X et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed 70 male rats to microwave radiation at average power densities of 0, 10, 30, and 100 mW/cm(2). Rats were sacrificed at 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after exposure. Protein levels of AQP4 increased initially and then recovered at 10 and 30 mW/cm(2), but increased progressively at 100 mW/cm(2) within 14 days. Gene expression of AQP4 increased at 6 hours after 10 mW/cm(2) exposure and returned to baseline, while at 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) it peaked at 7 days and did not return.
