Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers performed an independent replication of a study that reported enhanced cryptochrome-dependent responses at 500 muT. They matched the original experimental conditions and measured hypocotyl lengths and anthocyanin accumulation in seedlings grown at 500 microT with simultaneous controls at 50 microT. Additional experiments tested hypocotyl lengths at 50 microT, 1 mT, and approximately 100 mT with zero-field controls, measured expression of CHS, HY5, and GST genes, and examined blue-light intensity effects and sucrose in the growth medium. No consistent, statistically significant magnetic field responses were detected in any experiment.
Unknown authors · 2009
The review found that long-term significant occupational exposure to ELF magnetic fields may certainly increase the risk of both Alzheimer's disease and breast cancer. Two biological processes, increased production of amyloid beta and decreased production of melatonin, are influenced by high long-term ELF magnetic field exposure and may lead to Alzheimer's disease. Decreased melatonin production may also lead to breast cancer. Exposures to radio frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic fields have similar biological consequences.
Unknown authors · 2009
Resting and grazing cattle and deer tend to align their body axes with the geomagnetic North-South direction. Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from high-voltage power lines disrupt this alignment, making body orientation random near power lines. The disturbing effect diminishes with distance from the conductors.
Unknown authors · 2009
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from DC to 300 Hz have been shown to affect pain sensitivity in snails, rodents, and humans. In this fMRI study, researchers exposed normal volunteers to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and measured brain activation during acute thermal pain. Significant interactions between pre- and post-exposure activation were found between sham and exposed groups in the ipsilateral right insula, anterior cingulate, and bilateral hippocampus/caudate areas.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers built a movable reflecting wall to test human sensitivity to radio-frequency standing waves from a radio-TV tower. When the reflector moved, the standing-wave pattern shifted and changed the electromagnetic intensity in the test subject's body. A computer recorded hand-movement transducer signals and RF-meter readings from 100 MHz dipole antennas. Nine of the 29 adults showed hand-movement patterns that matched the RF-meter. Six participants showed responses that did not correlate with the RF-meter, and 14 participants showed no reaction.
Unknown authors · 2009
The paper reviews the impact of radiofrequency radiation from wireless telecommunications on wildlife. Electromagnetic radiation is described as a form of environmental pollution that may hurt wildlife. Phone masts continuously irradiate species that could suffer long-term effects including reduced natural defenses, health deterioration, reproduction problems, and habitat loss. Electromagnetic radiation can cause aversive behavioral responses in rats, bats, and birds such as sparrows. The review suggests microwave and radiofrequency pollution is a potential cause for animal population declines and plant health deterioration near phone masts.
Unknown authors · 2009
The study examined the effects of pulsed EMF at 2.45 GHz and 2.8 mW/cm(2) on postnatal neurogenesis in newborn (P7) and senescent (24-month-old) rats. Two exposure patterns were compared: short-term exposure of 2 days at 4 hours per day and long-term exposure of 3 days at 8 hours per day, each followed by acute (24 hours) and chronic (1-4 weeks) post-irradiation survival periods. The EMF exposure induced significant age- and dose-dependent changes in proliferating cell numbers within the rostral migratory stream. The authors concluded that concerns about EMF risk from electrical equipment and communication sets are justified regarding early postnatal neurogenesis.
Unknown authors · 2009
This report is the third update to the Royal Society of Canada review covering 2004 to 2007. It examined new data on dosimetry and exposure assessment, biological effects such as enzyme induction, and toxicological effects including genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Investigators found no clear evidence of adverse health effects from RF fields but recommended continued research, especially on children's exposure.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers conducted a confirmation study to test whether 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation alters the blood-brain barrier in rats. Unanesthetized rats were exposed for 30 minutes to continuous-wave or modulated 915 MHz energy at whole-body SARs of 0.0018 to 20 W/kg. Albumin immunohistochemistry on perfused brain sections showed no significant increase in albumin extravasation in exposed rats compared to sham-exposed or home cage controls.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed sixty-four male F344 rats to a 915 MHz electromagnetic field at whole-body average specific absorption rates of 0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 W/kg for 2 hours. The brains were examined 14 and 50 days after exposure using histological and immunohistochemical methods. No albumin immunoreactivity was observed in any exposed group. Dark neurons were rare and did not differ significantly between exposed and sham-exposed animals. The authors concluded that the study did not confirm the earlier findings of Salford et al.
Unknown authors · 2009
The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from mobile telephones on the human nervous system have been the subject of a large number of experimental studies in recent years. Some evidence indicates that GSM-type signals affect spontaneous EEG, but this is not corroborated by evoked potentials studies. No consistent significant effects on cognitive performance in adults were observed, and any effect appears small with exposure possibly improving performance. Short-term exposure to mobile phone signals does not influence hearing or balance, and provocation studies have not demonstrated a causal link between EMF exposure and subjective symptoms.
Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ · 2009
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Southeast England from 2001 to 2005 with 291 cases and 630 controls. Detailed information on cellular phone use was collected by personal interview. Tumor risk was not associated with cellular phone use overall, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.9 (95% CI 0.7-1.3). Risk was not appreciably increased after 10 or more years since first use (OR 1.0, 0.5-1.9) or after 10 or more years of cumulative use (OR 1.1, 0.5-2.4). Odds ratios were 1.2 (0.7-1.9) for the highest quartile of cumulative calls and 1.1 (0.7-1.7) for the highest quartile of hours of use, and separate analyses of analog and digital phone use showed no associations.
Mizuno Y et al. · 2009
This was the first study to investigate the effects of the third generation system on regional cerebral blood flow in humans, comparing W-CDMA electromagnetic field exposure versus sham exposure. Nine healthy male volunteers participated and underwent PET scans before, during, and after 30 minutes of unilateral EMF exposure. The subtraction analysis showed no significant regional cerebral blood flow changes from the EMF conditions compared to sham exposure.
Marino AA, Carrubba S · 2009
The authors analyzed 55 reports that compared human brain electrical activity with and without mobile-phone electromagnetic fields or before and after exposure. Positive reports failed to adequately address family-wise error rates, spike artifacts, and the confounding influence of two different EMFs, while negative reports lacked positive controls and power analyses. The reviewers concluded that the crucial question of how mobile-phone EMFs affect brain activity remains unanswered and essentially unaddressed.
Billaudel B et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to DAMPS and GSM signals using waveguide systems. No change in ODC activity was observed regardless of signal type, duration, or SAR.
Ahlbom A et al. · 2009
The review summarizes epidemiologic evidence on whether radiofrequency fields from mobile phones cause tumors. Studies to date do not show an increased risk of any brain or head tumor within roughly 10 years of use. Data do not suggest a causal link for fast-growing tumors like malignant glioma, but conclusions for slow-growing tumors and long-term use are less certain due to short observation periods.
Aldinucci C et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed synaptosomes to a peak magnetic field of 2 mT for 2 hours. They evaluated mitochondrial respiration rate, ATP production, membrane potential, intrasynaptosomal calcium concentration, and release of free iron and F2-isoprostanes. Oxygen consumption and ATP production remained unchanged in exposed synaptosomes. Intrasynaptosomal calcium concentration decreased slowly with no membrane depolarization detected, and free iron and F2-isoprostane release remained unchanged.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2009
One thousand subjects, 500 of each sex aged 18–65 years, were randomly recruited using the population registry and assessed via postal questionnaire and blood samples for S100B. The response rate was 31.4%. The study failed to show that long- or short-term use of wireless telephones was associated with elevated serum S100B levels. The linear regression analysis of latency for UMTS use remained significant only for men (p = 0.01; n = 31). Total use of mobile and cordless phones over time yielded an odds ratio of 0.8 (95% CI 0.3–2.0) and same-day use yielded an odds ratio of 1.1 (95% CI 0.4–2.8).
Rağbetli MC, Aydinlioğlu A, Koyun N, Rağbetli C, Karayel M. · 2009
The study examined the effect of mobile phone exposure on the developing hippocampus in Swiss albino mice. Pregnant mice were exposed to a mobile phone in an exposure system room. Pyramidal cells in the hippocampus were counted using the optical fractionator method with Axiovision software. No significant difference in pyramidal cell numbers was found between exposed and control groups.
Parazzini M et al. · 2009
Participants received 20 minutes of genuine or sham RF exposure at maximum phone output with 69 mW/kg SAR in the cochlea region. Auditory function was measured before and after exposure using hearing thresholds, otoacoustic emissions, and auditory evoked potentials. No consistent pattern of effects was found, and an isolated high-frequency threshold change was not statistically significant after multiple comparison correction. Researchers concluded that short-term UMTS exposure at maximum consumer phone output does not cause measurable immediate auditory effects.
Lipping T et al. · 2009
Eleven pigs were anaesthetized to a burst-suppression EEG level and exposed to a GSM mobile phone signal at 890 MHz. In phase I, EMF stimulation was randomly switched on and off to study the relation between EEG bursts and EMF onsets and endpoints. In phase II, continuous RF stimulation at 31 W/kg was applied for 10 minutes while ECG, EEG, and subcutaneous temperature were recorded. No correlation between exposure and EEG burst occurrences was observed in phase I, and no significant EEG changes were found in phase II. Subcutaneous temperature increased by 1.6°C and heart rate by 14.2 bpm on average during the 10-minute exposure periods.
Kwon MS et al. · 2009
Researchers recorded mismatch negativity responses to duration, intensity, frequency, and gap changes in 17 healthy young adults while a GSM phone was placed on either ear with the field on or off. The mismatch negativity was elicited by all deviant types, but its amplitude and latency showed no significant differences due to EMF exposure for any deviant type. The authors concluded there was no conclusive evidence that acute GSM mobile phone EMF exposure affects cortical auditory change detection processing reflected by the mismatch negativity.
Finnie JW, Chidlow G, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Cai Z · 2009
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes daily throughout gestation. Fetal brains were examined for heat shock proteins HSP25, HSP32, and HSP70. No induction of HSP32 or HSP70 was found in any brains, and HSP25 expression was similar in exposed and control groups. The study concluded that whole-gestation exposure did not produce a stress response detectable by HSPs.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for 60 minutes or for 5 days per week over 104 weeks. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving to account for restraint stress, and a positive control group received a clostridial toxin that upregulates aquaporin-4. No immunohistochemically detectable up-regulation of aquaporin-4 was observed in exposed mouse brains after either short or long exposure durations.
Eltiti S et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed 44 sensitive and 44 matched-control participants to GSM, UMTS, and sham signals for 50 minutes at 10 mW/m2 under double-blind conditions. Participants performed digit symbol substitution, digit span, and mental arithmetic tasks during exposure. Cognitive functioning and physiological measures including blood volume pulse, heart rate, and skin conductance were not affected by exposure.
