Electric Fields

DEVELOPMENT OF AN RF NEAR-FIELD EXPOSURE SYNTHESIZER (10 to 40MHz)

Frank M. Greene · 1976

Non-thermal hazards of exposure to radio frequency fields--Microwave Studies--Final Report

Mickey GH, Heller JH, Snyder E · 1975

An examination of gamma globulin, acetylcholinesterase, and chymotrypsin following radio-frequency irradiation

Finch ED, McLees BD

Effects of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Oxidative Stress in Selected Structures of the Central Nervous System.

Budziosz J et al. · 2018

Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz, intensity of 10 kV/m, and magnetic induction of 4.3 pT for 22 hours a day to evaluate oxidative stress in central nervous system structures. Mean malondialdehyde levels and total oxidant status in the CNS structures did not differ significantly between the experimental and control groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities in brain structure homogenates were decreased, with the exception of frontal cortex catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hippocampal glutathione reductase.

Evidence of Oxidative Stress in American Kestrels Exposed to Electromagnetic Fields

Fernie KJ, Bird DM. · 2001

Researchers investigated whether exposure to magnetic and electric fields similar to those from power lines induces an immune response and alters oxidative stress levels in American kestrels. Captive male kestrels were bred under control or EMF conditions equivalent to those experienced by wild kestrels. Short-term EMF exposure suppressed plasma total proteins, hematocrits, and carotenoids in the first half of the breeding season, and also suppressed erythrocyte cells and lymphocyte proportions while elevating granulosa proportions at the end of the breeding season. Long-term EMF exposure may be linked to higher levels of oxidative stress through EMF exposure only, and also suppressed hematocrits in the first half of the reproductive period.

Foot currents and ankle SARs induced by dielectric heaters.

Conover DL et al. · 1992

Researchers measured foot currents in workers who stood at their normal operating positions near industrial dielectric heaters generating fields at frequencies from 6.5 to 65 MHz. Nearly 27 percent of the heaters induced foot currents exceeding the proposed 200-mA ANSI C95.1 limit, and 20 percent exceeded 350 mA. Specific absorption rates in ankles were calculated from foot currents and approximated 5 W/kg at 100 mA, 29 W/kg at 250 mA, and 57 W/kg at 350 mA, with a maximum of approximately 176 W/kg at 617 mA.

RF Cell Culture Irradiation System with Controlled Temperature and Field Strength

Arthur W. Guy · 1977

This 1977 NIOSH technical report describes the development of a radiofrequency (RF) cell culture irradiation system capable of controlling both temperature and electromagnetic field strength. The research focused on creating standardized laboratory equipment for studying how RF radiation affects living cells in controlled conditions. This represents early foundational work for understanding cellular responses to electromagnetic field exposure.

RF Cell Culture Irradiation System with Controlled Temperature and Field Strength

Arthur W. Guy · 1977

The system was designed for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to determine human RF exposure thresholds in the frequency range D.C. to 100 MHz. The final design uses concentric stainless steel rings with a teflon bottom that forms a liquid-tight seal compressed by brass retainer clamps.

RF Cell Culture Irradiation System with Controlled Temperature and Field Strength

Arthur W. Guy · 1977

NIOSH researchers developed a specialized laboratory system in 1977 for exposing cell cultures to radiofrequency (RF) radiation while precisely controlling temperature and electromagnetic field strength. This technical report describes equipment designed to study how RF energy affects living cells under controlled laboratory conditions. The system represented early efforts to standardize RF exposure research and eliminate confounding variables like heat effects.

SAFE GUIDE OF EXPOSURE TO THE EM PULSE

W. F. Krueger, A. J. Giarola · 1972

The developmental effects of extremely low frequency electric fields on visual and somatosensory evoked potentials in adult rats.

Gok DK et al. · 2016

Scientists exposed pregnant rats to 50 Hz electric fields from power lines and tested their offspring's brain responses as adults. The exposed rats showed delayed neural processing for vision and touch, plus increased brain damage markers, suggesting developmental electric field exposure causes lasting nervous system changes.

The developmental effects of extremely low frequency electric fields on visual and somatosensory evoked potentials in adult rats

Gok DK et al. · 2016

Researchers divided Wistar albino female rats into four groups: a control group, a prenatal-exposure group, a postnatal-exposure group, and a combined prenatal-plus-postnatal-exposure group. Pregnant rats in the prenatal and combined groups were exposed to a 50 Hz electric field at 12 kV/m for 1 hour per day during pregnancy, while postnatal animals were exposed for 68 days after birth. The latencies of visual evoked potential components were significantly prolonged in all exposed groups compared with controls. Retina TBARS levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated in all experimental groups compared with controls.

Effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to extremely low-frequency electric fields on mismatch negativity component of the auditory event-related potentials: Relation to oxidative stress.

Akpınar D et al. · 2016

Researchers exposed rats to an electric field at 12 kV/m for 1 hour per day, dividing them into control, prenatal, postnatal, and prenatal-plus-postnatal groups. The mismatch negativity amplitude was decreased in all exposed groups compared with the control group. Levels of 4-HNE, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly increased in the postnatal group compared with the control group, while protein carbonyl levels were significantly decreased in the prenatal-plus-postnatal group compared with the control, prenatal, and postnatal groups.

Effects of extremely low-frequency electric fields at different intensities and exposure durations on mismatch negativity.

Kantar Gok D et al. · 2014

Researchers used ninety male rats, aged 3 months, to investigate how different intensities and durations of extremely low-frequency electric fields affected brain responses and oxidative damage. Rats were exposed to 12-kV/m and 18-kV/m electric fields for 2 or 4 weeks, and mismatch negativity (MMN) responses were recorded in anesthetized rats using electrodes placed on the dura. MMN amplitude was significantly decreased in the E18-4 group compared with the C4 group, and 4-HNE was increased in all experimental groups compared with the control group. The researchers concluded that the electric field decreased MMN amplitudes, possibly induced by lipid peroxidation.

Effects of extremely low-frequency electric fields at different intensities and exposure durations on mismatch negativity.

Kantar Gok D et al. · 2014

Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz electric fields (like those from power lines) for up to four weeks. High-intensity exposure significantly reduced brain responses that help detect sound changes, while increasing brain damage markers. This suggests electric field exposure may impair auditory processing abilities.

Effects of extremely low-frequency electric fields at different intensities and exposure durations on mismatch negativity.

Kantar Gok D et al. · 2014

Researchers exposed rats to electric fields from power lines for up to four weeks. The strongest exposure significantly impaired the brain's ability to detect sound changes, a function crucial for attention and learning, while also causing harmful cellular damage in brain tissue.

The effect of different strengths of extremely low-frequency electric fields on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and visual evoked potentials.

Akpinar D, Ozturk N, Ozen S, Agar A, Yargicoglu P · 2012

Researchers exposed rats to extremely low-frequency electric fields at two different strengths for one hour daily over 14 days, then measured brain and eye damage. They found that both exposure levels significantly increased oxidative stress (cellular damage from harmful molecules) and impaired visual processing in the brain. The higher exposure level caused more damage, suggesting a dose-response relationship between electric field strength and biological harm.

The effect of different strengths of extremely low-frequency electric fields on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and visual evoked potentials.

Akpinar D, Ozturk N, Ozen S, Agar A, Yargicoglu P. · 2012

Researchers divided thirty female Wistar rats, aged 3 months, into three equal groups: a control group, a group exposed to electric fields at 12 kV/m, and a group exposed at 18 kV/m, with exposure applied for 14 days at 1 hour per day. Brain and retina oxidative stress markers were significantly increased in both exposed groups compared to the control group. Total antioxidant status levels were significantly decreased in both brain and retina in the exposed groups compared to the control group. All visual evoked potential components were significantly prolonged in rats exposed to electric fields compared to the control group.

Protein oxidation under extremely low frequency electric field in guinea pigs. Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment.

Güler G, Türközer Z, Ozgur E, Tomruk A, Seyhan N, Karasu C · 2009

Researchers exposed guinea pigs to a 50 Hz, 12 kV/m electric field for 7 days, 8 hours per day, and measured protein carbonyl content (PCO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in liver, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in plasma. They also assessed hepatic hydroxyproline levels to study protein synthesis. Exposure to the electric field did not significantly change PCO, AOPP, or 3-NT levels compared to controls. However, liver hydroxyproline was significantly reduced in the exposed group. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) administration significantly altered PCO, hydroxyproline, and 3-NT levels.

Antioxidants alleviate electric field-induced effects on lung tissue based on assays of heme oxygenase-1, protein carbonyl content, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and hydroxyproline.

Güler G, Türközer Z, Ozgur E, Seyhan N. · 2009

Researchers exposed subjects to a 50 Hz, 12 kV/m electric field for 7 days at 8 hours per day and measured pulmonary levels of heme oxygenase-1, protein carbonyl content, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and hydroxyproline. Protein carbonyl content increased significantly with electric field exposure compared to controls, while the other four markers showed no significant change. Adding the antioxidants NAC or EGCG during exposure did not produce significant changes in any of the measured parameters compared to electric field exposure alone.

The protective effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine and epigallocatechin-3-gallate on electric field-induced hepatic oxidative stress.

Guler G, Turkozer Z, Tomruk A, Seyhan N · 2008

Effect of electric field in conditioned aversion response.

Harakawa S et al. · 2008

Researchers examined how a 50 Hz sinusoidal electric field affected the voluntary behavior of Wistar rats using a conditioned place aversion response based on an aversive behavior against light environment. Rats conditioned without the electric field spent significantly less time in the white place, while rats conditioned with the electric field did not show such changes. The researchers considered that the aversion response to the light environment was interfered by exposure to the electric field.

Effects of a 50 Hz electric field on plasma lipid peroxide level and antioxidant activity in rats.

Harakawa S et al. · 2005

The effects of exposure to extremely low frequency electric fields (ELF EFs) on plasma lipid peroxide levels and antioxidant activity (AOA) in Sprague–Dawley rats were studied. The test compared rats treated with a combination of the oxidizing agent AAPH and a 50 Hz EF of 17.5 kV/m for 15 min per day for 7 days, as well as AAPH alone, EF alone, or no treatment. EF significantly decreased the plasma peroxide level in rats treated with AAPH, similar to treatment by ascorbic acid or the superoxide dismutase.

Lack of effects on heart rate and blood pressure in ketamine-anesthetized rats briefly exposed to ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses.

Jauchem JR, Frei MR, Ryan KL, Merritt JH, Murphy MR · 1999

The study investigated the lack of effects on heart rate and blood pressure in ketamine-anesthetized rats briefly exposed to ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulses. Exposures at a repetition frequency of 1 kHz for 0.5 s or to repetitive pulse trains for a total of 2 min resulted in no significant changes in heart rate or mean arterial blood pressure. These results suggest that acute whole-body exposure to UWB pulses does not have a detrimental effect on the cardiovascular system.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON ELECTRICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS RELATED TO HVDC TRANSMISSION

T. Dan Bracken · 1979