Jirillo E et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed 108 samples of human leukocytes from healthy donors to electromagnetic radiation at different intensities using a reverberation chamber. Exposure times ranged from 5 minutes to 24 hours, and sham-exposed blood samples from the same donors served as controls. In 68% of the 108 cases, an increase in leukocyte cell area was found along with morphological changes, while in 14% a decrease in cell area was observed. In 18% of cases, no effects dependent on the radiation were detected.
Mugunthan N, Anbalagan J, Meenachi S, Samy AS. · 2014
Mice were exposed to 2G ultra-high frequency radiation for 48 minutes per day over 30 to 180 days, with sham controls. In the exposed group, kidney weight and volume were significantly reduced in the first month, while kidney weight alone was significantly increased in the fifth month. Microscopic examination revealed dilated glomerular capillaries, increased urinary space, wider tubular lumens with reduced cell size, brush border interruption, vacuolated cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, and marked basal striations in distal tubules. The researchers concluded that chronic exposure to 2G cell phone radiation could cause microscopic changes in the glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
Lv B, Su C, Yang L, Xie Y, Wu T · 2014
Researchers recruited ten subjects for a crossover, double-blind experiment with real and sham LTE EMF exposure sessions. Each session involved 30 minutes of LTE EMF exposure (power on or off) while EEG signals were recorded from 32 channels. The study found that short-term LTE EMF exposure modulated synchronization patterns of EEG activation across the whole brain.
Movvahedi MM et al. · 2014
Researchers enrolled 60 elementary school children aged 8 to 10 years in Shiraz, Iran. They used standardized computer-based tests of visual reaction time and short-term memory modified for children. Each test was repeated ten times in both real and sham exposure phases with a 30 min interval between phases. After a 10 min talk period, mean short-term memory scores were higher than after sham exposure (P = 0.030). Mean reaction times did not differ significantly between talk and sham exposure (P = 0.629).
Davanipour Z, Tseng C-C, Lee PJ, Markides KS, Sobel E. · 2014
The study included 3050 Mexican Americans aged 65 and older from the H-EPESE study, and severe cognitive dysfunction was defined as an MMSE score below 10. Occupational extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure was classified using a methodology from earlier studies. Univariate odds ratios were 3.4 for high exposure and 1.7 for medium or high exposure, with similar results in multivariate models. Interactions between medium/high or high exposure and smoking history or age group were statistically significant, particularly for those aged 75 and older. The authors concluded that high or medium/high occupational exposure may increase the risk of severe cognitive dysfunction, and that smoking and older age may increase the deleterious effect.
Seckin E et al. · 2014
Pregnant rats and their offspring were exposed to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications radiofrequency radiation for one hour per day during pregnancy and for 21 days after birth. Distortion product otoacoustic emission tests showed no significant difference among the groups. Electron microscopy revealed significant differences in the numbers of normal, apoptotic, and necrotic cells among the groups. The findings indicated cellular structural damage in the cochlea caused by radiofrequency radiation exposure during cochlear development.
Marzook EA, Abd El Moneim AE, Elhadary AA. · 2014
Triglycerides and testosterone increased significantly in all exposed groups, with a dose-dependent rise in the sesame oil groups. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities decreased in exposed rats but increased with higher sesame oil doses. Total cholesterol decreased only in rats receiving 3 ml of sesame oil, and glutathione reductase rose significantly in that group. High-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol changed in opposite directions between the exposed and sesame oil groups.
Tök L, Nazıroğlu M, Doğan S, Kahya MC, Tök O. · 2014
Thirty-two rats were randomly assigned to four groups, with one group exposed to Wi-Fi at 2.45 GHz for 60 minutes daily over 30 days and another group receiving melatonin during the same exposure. Lipid peroxidation was slightly higher in the Wi-Fi group than in controls, and glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in the Wi-Fi group. Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and increased both glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced glutathione levels compared with the Wi-Fi group.
Davanipour Z, Tseng C-C, Lee PJ, Markides KS, Sobel E. · 2014
Researchers studied over 3,000 elderly Mexican Americans to see if working in jobs with high magnetic field exposure (like electricians or welders) was linked to severe cognitive problems. They found that people who worked in high magnetic field occupations were 3.4 times more likely to develop severe cognitive dysfunction, with the risk being even higher for older adults and smokers. This is the first study to specifically examine the connection between workplace magnetic field exposure and severe cognitive decline in older adults.
Mahdavi SM, Sahraei H, Yaghmaei P, Tavakoli H. · 2014
Researchers exposed male rats to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields at 1 Hz and 5 Hz to study effects on stress hormones and behavior. They found that these exposures altered stress hormone levels (increasing ACTH while decreasing noradrenaline) and changed glucose metabolism differently depending on the frequency used. The study demonstrates that even very low frequency EMF exposures can disrupt the body's stress response system in measurable ways.
Jovanovic D, Bragard G, Picard D, Chauvin S. · 2014
Researchers used three 3G HSPA smartphones from different manufacturers to make 220 two-minute calls on a national mobile network in Paris between 28 July and 04 August 2011. The SYRPOM measuring equipment recorded radiation power levels and frequency bands at a sampling rate of 20,000 per second. The mean normalized power was 0.75% of maximum for 3G VoIP calls and 0.22% for 3G VoCS calls. The very low average power levels indicate that RF exposure from 3G devices with VoIP or VoCS is far from exceeding the basic restrictions of current SAR exposure limits.
Marzook EA, Abd El Moneim AE, Elhadary AA · 2014
Exposure raised triglycerides and testosterone significantly in all groups, with oil groups showing dose-dependent increases. Exposed rats had significantly lower SOD and CAT activities than controls, while sesame oil groups showed dose-dependent increases in these enzymes. Total cholesterol decreased significantly only in the 3 ml sesame oil group, which also showed significantly elevated GSH-Rx. HDL-c and LDL-c changed in opposite directions between exposed and sesame oil groups.
Tök L, Nazıroğlu M, Doğan S, Kahya MC, Tök O. · 2014
Turkish researchers exposed rats to Wi-Fi radiation (2.45 GHz) for one hour daily over 30 days and found it caused oxidative stress in the eye lens, similar to cellular damage from aging or toxins. When rats were given melatonin supplements, the antioxidant significantly reduced this Wi-Fi-induced damage. This suggests that common Wi-Fi exposure may harm delicate eye tissues, but natural protective compounds could help defend against such effects.
Curcio G, Mazzucchi E, Marca GD, Vollono C, Rossini PM · 2014
Italian researchers exposed 12 epilepsy patients to cell phone radiation (902.4 MHz GSM signal) for 45 minutes to see if it affected their brain's electrical activity and seizure patterns. They found that the radiation actually reduced seizure-related brain spikes slightly and caused some changes in brain wave patterns, but concluded these effects had no clinical significance for the patients' epilepsy management.
Kang KA et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed U87, PC12, and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to combined radiofrequency radiation at 837 MHz CDMA and 1950 MHz WCDMA with a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg each for 2 hours. They also tested co-exposure with hydrogen peroxide or menadione and measured intracellular reactive oxygen species using flow cytometry with a fluorescent probe. Combined RF radiation alone did not consistently affect ROS levels in a time-dependent manner, and co-exposure with hydrogen peroxide or menadione showed no statistically significant change compared to the chemicals alone.
Klose M et al. · 2014
Female Wistar rats from 14 days to 19 months were exposed in the head region for 2 hours per day, 5 days per week to a GSM-modulated 900 MHz field at SAR values of 0, 0.7, 2.5, and 10 W/kg. Four behavioral and learning tests (rotarod, Morris water maze, 8-arm radial maze, open field) were performed three times in juvenile, adult, and presenile rats. No profound differences were identified between exposure groups, though rotarod data showed significantly longer holding times for sham-exposed rats on some days, but these findings were not consistent. The results do not indicate harmful effects of long-term RF-EMF exposure begun at an early age on development, learning, and behavior, even at relatively high SAR values.
de Groot MW, Kock MD, Westerink RH. · 2014
Researchers investigated acute (30 min) and sub-chronic (48 h) exposure to 50 Hz ELF-EMF on naïve and chemically stressed PC12 cells. Acute exposure up to 1000 μT did not affect basal or depolarization-evoked calcium levels in naïve cells. Sub-chronic exposure up to 1000 μT had no consistent effects on calcium homeostasis, ROS production, or membrane integrity in naïve cells. In chemically stressed cells, both acute and sub-chronic exposure also failed to exert consistent effects on calcium homeostasis, ROS production, and membrane integrity. The authors concluded that exposure up to 1000 μT does not induce neurotoxic effects in vitro in either cell type.
Li Y, Zhang C, Song T. · 2014
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to Morris water maze training, ELF-MF exposure (50 Hz, 100 microT), or combined training and exposure for 90 days, with normal rats as controls. Previous training improved spatial acquisition in the Morris water maze and this effect lasted at least 90 days. However, this improvement was not observed during the probe trial. ELF-MF exposure did not significantly differ from controls and did not interfere with training-related improvements.
Sorahan T, Mohammed N · 2014
The mortality experienced by a cohort of 73,051 employees of the former Central Electricity Generating Board of England and Wales was investigated for the period 1973–2010. Poisson regression was used to calculate relative risks (rate ratios) of developing any of the three diseases under investigation for categories of lifetime, distant (lagged) and recent (lugged) exposure. No statistically significant trends were shown for risks of any of these diseases to increase with estimates of lifetime, recent or distant exposure to magnetic fields. There is no convincing evidence that UK electricity generation and transmission workers have suffered elevated risks from neurodegenerative diseases as a consequence of exposure to magnetic fields.
de Groot MW, Kock MD, Westerink RH. · 2014
Researchers exposed nerve cells (PC12 cells) to 50 Hz magnetic fields at levels up to 1,000 microtesla for periods ranging from 30 minutes to 48 hours. They tested both healthy cells and chemically-stressed cells that were more vulnerable to damage. The magnetic field exposure caused no detectable effects on calcium levels, cellular damage, or oxidative stress in either type of cell.
Jin YB et al. · 2014
Researchers assessed DNA damage using comet assays in mouse and human cell lines exposed to 60-Hz, 1 mT ELF-MF for 4 or 16 hours. Cells exposed to ELF-MF alone showed no significant DNA damage compared to unexposed cells. No synergistic or additive DNA damage occurred when ELF-MF was combined with ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or c-Myc activation.
de Groot MW, Kock MD, Westerink RH. · 2014
Researchers exposed nerve cells (PC12 cells) to 50 Hz magnetic fields at extremely high levels - up to 1000 microteslas, which is 10,000 times stronger than typical background exposure. They tested both healthy cells and chemically-stressed cells that were more vulnerable to damage. The study found no toxic effects on the nerve cells' calcium balance, oxidative stress levels, or cell membrane integrity, even at these extraordinarily high exposure levels.
Aslan A et al. · 2014
The study used 30 Wistar albino rats divided into two equal groups with tibial fractures fixed by K-wire. One group was exposed to 1800 MHz electromagnetic fields for 30 minutes daily, five days a week, while the other group was not exposed. Radiological, histological, and mechanical scores showed no significant differences between groups, and all scores were lower than controls. The researchers concluded that 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation from cellular phones has no effect on bone fracture healing.
Rougier C, Prorot A, Chazal P, Leveque P, Leprat P · 2014
Researchers investigated the effects of 2.45 GHz microwave exposure on Escherichia coli cell membranes while maintaining the suspension at an average temperature of 37°C. No effect was detected with conventional heating or 200 W exposure, but membrane integrity was slightly altered at powers from 400 to 2000 W. Thermal characterization indicated the temperature reached was not high enough to explain the membrane changes, suggesting a power-dependent electromagnetic threshold effect. Exposures were discontinuous to keep the average temperature at 37°C, and effects were measured using flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining and intracellular protein release.
Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation (the same frequency used by Bluetooth devices) for up to 120 days to see if it would cause anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, or depression. The study found no behavioral changes in the mice at any time point, suggesting this level of EMF exposure did not affect their mental state or behavior patterns.
