Ciejka EB, Goraca A · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to 40 Hz magnetic fields (7 mT strength) for different durations and measured heart rate and antioxidant levels in blood. They found that 14 days of exposure slowed heart rate and changed the body's antioxidant defenses, with effects varying based on daily exposure time (30 vs 60 minutes). The study shows that magnetic field exposure duration affects cardiovascular function and cellular protection systems.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz for either one hour or two years to see if it would increase a brain protein called aquaporin-4, which rises when the blood-brain barrier becomes leaky. They found no increase in this protein after either short or long-term exposure, suggesting that cell phone radiation at this level doesn't make the blood-brain barrier more permeable.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J. · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for either one hour or repeatedly over two years to see if it would damage the blood-brain barrier - the protective shield that keeps toxins out of the brain. They looked for increased levels of aquaporin-4, a protein that indicates barrier damage. The study found no changes in this protein after either short-term or long-term exposure, suggesting the blood-brain barrier remained intact.
Strasák L, Bártová E, Krejci J, Fojt L, Vetterl V. · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as electrical power lines) for 4 days and measured changes in brain proteins. They found that exposure significantly decreased levels of c-Jun, a protein crucial for brain cell communication and development. This suggests that even short-term exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields can alter important brain proteins.
Strasák L, Bártová E, Krejci J, Fojt L, Vetterl V. · 2009
Researchers exposed laboratory mice to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz at 2 milliTesla) for four days and measured changes in brain proteins. They found that exposure decreased levels of c-Jun, a protein involved in cellular stress responses and gene regulation, while another protein (c-Fos) remained unchanged. This suggests that even short-term exposure to magnetic fields can alter brain biochemistry at the cellular level.
Budak GG et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz GSM) for 15 minutes daily over a week, then measured their inner ear function using sensitive hearing tests. They found that non-pregnant rabbits showed significant decreases in cochlear function (the part of the ear that converts sound to nerve signals), while pregnant rabbits were largely protected from these effects. This suggests cell phone radiation can damage hearing mechanisms, but pregnancy hormones may offer some protection.
Billaudel B, Taxile M, Ruffie G, Veyret B, Lagroye I. · 2009
Researchers exposed mouse cells to cell phone signals (DAMPS and GSM) for one hour to see if it would increase activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzyme linked to cell growth and potentially cancer development. They found no significant changes in ODC activity at exposure levels of 2.5 and 6 W/kg, contradicting some earlier studies that reported increased enzyme activity. This suggests that under controlled temperature conditions, these specific cell phone signals may not trigger this particular cellular response.
Billaudel B et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human brain tumor cells to cell phone radiation similar to DAMPS and GSM signals for up to 24 hours, then measured changes in an enzyme called ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) that's involved in cell growth. They found no changes in ODC activity regardless of the type of signal, exposure duration, or radiation intensity. This suggests that typical cell phone radiation levels don't affect this particular cellular process in brain cells.
Hansteen IL et al. · 2009
Norwegian researchers exposed human immune cells (lymphocytes) to 2.3 GHz radiofrequency radiation - similar to what cell phones emit - for an entire cell cycle to see if it would damage DNA or chromosomes. They found no statistically significant genetic damage compared to unexposed cells, even when they added a known DNA-damaging chemical to make cells more vulnerable. This suggests that RF radiation at levels used by mobile devices may not directly break chromosomes in immune cells under these laboratory conditions.
Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. · 2009
Researchers exposed infant and adult female rabbits to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz GSM) for 15 minutes daily over 7 days and measured their hearing function using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), which test how well the inner ear responds to sound. Adult rabbits showed significant hearing damage across most frequencies tested, while infant rabbits actually showed some improved responses at certain frequencies. This suggests that developing ears may be more resilient to radiofrequency damage than mature ones, possibly due to higher water content in young ear structures.
Cao Y, Xu Q, Lu MX, Jin ZD, DU HB, Li JX, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2009
Chinese researchers exposed mice to low-level 900 MHz microwave radiation (the same frequency used by cell phones) before subjecting them to high-dose gamma radiation that typically damages blood-forming cells. They found that the microwave pre-exposure actually protected the mice, improving their survival rates and helping maintain healthy blood cell production. This suggests that certain levels of microwave radiation might stimulate protective biological responses rather than cause harm.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Italian researchers exposed developing brain cells to cell phone radiation at levels similar to what phones emit (1 W/kg SAR at 900 MHz). They found that this radiation significantly reduced the growth of neurites - the branch-like extensions that neurons use to connect and communicate with each other. This suggests that cell phone radiation may interfere with normal brain cell development and connection formation.
Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V. · 2009
Researchers exposed rat blood cells to 915-MHz microwave radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 30 minutes and found it caused DNA damage. However, when they pre-treated the cells with honeybee venom, the DNA damage was significantly reduced. This suggests that certain natural compounds might help protect our cells from radiofrequency radiation damage.
Bas O, Odaci E, Kaplan S, Acer N, Ucok K, Colakoglu S · 2009
Researchers exposed female rats to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for one hour daily over 28 days. They found significant loss of brain cells in the hippocampus, the brain region responsible for memory and learning, raising concerns about potential effects from regular phone use.
de Tommaso M et al. · 2009
Italian researchers exposed 10 volunteers to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz and measured their brain's electrical activity using EEG. They found that both active phones and phones with blocked radiation (but still powered on) reduced brain arousal and expectation responses compared to phones that were completely off. This suggests that cell phone exposure affects how the brain processes and anticipates information.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Italian researchers exposed developing brain cells to cell phone radiation at the same power level your phone uses during calls (1 W/kg SAR). The radiation significantly reduced the number of neural branches that normally grow as brain cells mature, suggesting cell phone signals may interfere with normal brain development. This finding raises concerns about wireless exposure during critical periods of brain development in children and adolescents.
Nittby H et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at various power levels for 2 hours, then examined their brains 7 days later. They found that the blood-brain barrier (the protective shield that normally keeps toxins out of the brain) became more permeable, allowing proteins to leak into brain tissue. This suggests that even a single exposure to cell phone radiation can compromise the brain's protective barrier for at least a week.
Balassa T, Szemerszky R, Bárdos G. · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 500 microtesla (the workplace safety limit) for 20 minutes and found the animals became more passive and anxious in behavioral tests. The magnetic field exposure increased situational anxiety and reduced activity levels, though it didn't affect social behaviors. This suggests that even brief exposure to magnetic fields at legally permitted levels can alter brain function and behavior.
Janać B, Tovilović G, Tomić M, Prolić Z, Radenović L. · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (the same type produced by power lines and household appliances) for up to 7 days and measured changes in brain chemistry. They found that these magnetic fields altered serotonin receptors in the brain's prefrontal cortex, with effects becoming more pronounced after longer exposure periods. This matters because serotonin plays a crucial role in mood, sleep, and behavior regulation.
De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ, King BV, Aitken RJ. · 2009
Researchers exposed human sperm to cell phone radiation at 1.8 GHz frequencies. Higher radiation levels reduced sperm movement and survival while increasing DNA damage and harmful molecules. The findings suggest that heavy mobile phone use could potentially affect male fertility and future children's health.
Kumar RS, Sareesh NN, Nayak S, Mailankot M. · 2009
Rats exposed to cell phone radiation (900-1,800 MHz) for four weeks showed increased anxiety-like behavior in maze tests, exploring open areas less than unexposed rats. This suggests mobile phone radiation may affect brain function and stress responses in ways relevant to human health.
Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to mobile phone signals (50 missed calls daily for 4 weeks) and then tested their ability to navigate a water maze to find a hidden platform. Phone-exposed rats took 3 times longer to find the target area and spent half as much time in the correct location compared to unexposed rats. This suggests mobile phone radiation may impair spatial memory and learning ability.
Mailankot M et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed male rats to cell phone radiation for one hour daily over 28 days. The radiation significantly reduced sperm movement ability and increased cellular damage in reproductive organs, while sperm count stayed normal. This suggests cell phone use may harm male fertility.
Adang D, Remacle C, Vorst AV. · 2009
Belgian researchers exposed rats to 970-MHz microwave radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 2 hours daily over 21 months and measured changes in blood cells and mortality. They found significant increases in white blood cells and changes in immune cell types, plus a striking finding: exposed rats had nearly twice the mortality rate of unexposed rats by the end of the study. This suggests that chronic low-level microwave exposure may compromise immune function and overall health over time.
Atay T et al. · 2009
Turkish researchers measured bone density in the hip area of 150 men who regularly carried cell phones for an average of 6.2 years and 14.7 hours daily. They found slightly lower bone density on the side where phones were carried compared to the unexposed side, though the difference wasn't statistically significant. The findings suggest that long-term phone carrying might affect bone health in ways that could matter for medical procedures requiring bone grafts.
