Ciejka EB, Goraca A · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to 40 Hz magnetic fields (7 mT strength) for different durations and measured heart rate and antioxidant levels in blood. They found that 14 days of exposure slowed heart rate and changed the body's antioxidant defenses, with effects varying based on daily exposure time (30 vs 60 minutes). The study shows that magnetic field exposure duration affects cardiovascular function and cellular protection systems.
Strasák L, Bártová E, Krejci J, Fojt L, Vetterl V. · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as electrical power lines) for 4 days and measured changes in brain proteins. They found that exposure significantly decreased levels of c-Jun, a protein crucial for brain cell communication and development. This suggests that even short-term exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields can alter important brain proteins.
Strasák L, Bártová E, Krejci J, Fojt L, Vetterl V. · 2009
Researchers exposed laboratory mice to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz at 2 milliTesla) for four days and measured changes in brain proteins. They found that exposure decreased levels of c-Jun, a protein involved in cellular stress responses and gene regulation, while another protein (c-Fos) remained unchanged. This suggests that even short-term exposure to magnetic fields can alter brain biochemistry at the cellular level.
Billaudel B, Taxile M, Ruffie G, Veyret B, Lagroye I. · 2009
Researchers exposed mouse cells to cell phone signals (DAMPS and GSM) for one hour to see if it would increase activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzyme linked to cell growth and potentially cancer development. They found no significant changes in ODC activity at exposure levels of 2.5 and 6 W/kg, contradicting some earlier studies that reported increased enzyme activity. This suggests that under controlled temperature conditions, these specific cell phone signals may not trigger this particular cellular response.
Billaudel B et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human brain tumor cells to cell phone radiation similar to DAMPS and GSM signals for up to 24 hours, then measured changes in an enzyme called ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) that's involved in cell growth. They found no changes in ODC activity regardless of the type of signal, exposure duration, or radiation intensity. This suggests that typical cell phone radiation levels don't affect this particular cellular process in brain cells.
Balassa T, Szemerszky R, Bárdos G. · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 500 microtesla (the workplace safety limit) for 20 minutes and found the animals became more passive and anxious in behavioral tests. The magnetic field exposure increased situational anxiety and reduced activity levels, though it didn't affect social behaviors. This suggests that even brief exposure to magnetic fields at legally permitted levels can alter brain function and behavior.
Janać B, Tovilović G, Tomić M, Prolić Z, Radenović L. · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (the same type produced by power lines and household appliances) for up to 7 days and measured changes in brain chemistry. They found that these magnetic fields altered serotonin receptors in the brain's prefrontal cortex, with effects becoming more pronounced after longer exposure periods. This matters because serotonin plays a crucial role in mood, sleep, and behavior regulation.
Güler G, Türközer Z, Ozgur E, Seyhan N. · 2009
Researchers exposed lung tissue to extremely strong electric fields (12,000 volts per meter) for 8 hours daily over 7 days to test whether antioxidants could prevent damage. They found only minor increases in one marker of cellular damage (protein carbonyl), while other damage indicators remained unchanged. The study suggests that at these exposure levels, electric fields cause minimal lung tissue damage that antioxidants may help prevent.
Piacentini R, Ripoli C, Mezzogori D, Azzena GB, Grassi C. · 2008
Researchers exposed neural stem cells from newborn mice to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz at 1 mT) and found that this exposure significantly promoted the development of these cells into mature neurons. The electromagnetic fields worked by increasing the activity of specific calcium channels in the cells, which are crucial for brain cell development. This suggests that power-frequency EMF exposure can directly influence how brain cells develop and mature.
Croft RJ et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed 120 healthy volunteers to mobile phone electromagnetic fields for 30 minutes while monitoring their brain waves using EEG technology. They found that mobile phone radiation increased alpha brain wave activity (the relaxed, wakeful state waves) during exposure, with stronger effects on the side of the head closest to the phone. This confirms that mobile phone EMF can directly alter normal brain function in measurable ways.
Falone S et al. · 2008
Scientists exposed young and old rats to power-line magnetic fields for 10 days. Young rats strengthened their brain's protective systems, but older rats experienced weakened defenses against cellular damage. This suggests aging makes brains more vulnerable to magnetic field exposure from electrical devices.
Koh EK, Ryu BK, Jeong DY, Bang IS, Nam MH, Chae KS · 2008
Researchers exposed prostate cancer cells to 60-Hz magnetic fields (the frequency of household electricity) and found the fields killed cancer cells by increasing harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species. This suggests power-line frequency magnetic fields might potentially be developed as cancer treatments.
Yokus B, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Cakir DU, Kizil M · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to power line frequency magnetic fields for 10 months and found DNA damage in their blood cells. The exposure caused oxidative damage that creates genetic mutations potentially leading to cancer, providing first direct evidence of cellular harm.
Fu Y, Wang C, Wang J, Lei Y, Ma Y · 2008
Researchers exposed mice to magnetic fields from power lines for 25 days, then tested their memory using mazes. Long-term exposure impaired the mice's ability to recognize new environments, suggesting that prolonged exposure to common household magnetic fields may interfere with spatial memory abilities.
Fu Y, Wang C, Wang J, Lei Y, Ma Y. · 2008
Chinese researchers exposed mice to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (the same type emitted by power lines and household appliances) for either 7 or 25 days, then tested their spatial memory using a maze. While short-term exposure had no effect, mice exposed to 50 Hz fields for 25 days showed impaired ability to recognize new areas in the maze. This suggests that chronic exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields may interfere with spatial memory and navigation abilities.
George I et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (60 Hz at 8 microTesla) for 30 minutes before inducing heart attacks, then measured heart function recovery. The electromagnetic field exposure triggered production of a protective protein called HSP70, which significantly improved the heart's ability to recover from oxygen deprivation. This suggests that certain EMF exposures might actually help protect heart tissue from damage during cardiac events.
Guler G, Turkozer Z, Tomruk A, Seyhan N · 2008
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to electric fields at the strength found near power lines (12,000 volts per meter) and measured liver damage. The electric field exposure increased harmful oxidative stress markers and decreased the liver's natural antioxidant defenses. However, when the animals were given protective antioxidant compounds, the liver damage was significantly reduced.
Koyama S, Sakurai T, Nakahara T, Miyakoshi J · 2008
Researchers exposed human brain cancer cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as household electricity) to see if it would increase DNA damage. They found that while the magnetic fields alone didn't damage DNA, they significantly amplified the DNA damage caused by toxic chemicals. This suggests that common power-frequency magnetic fields may make cells more vulnerable to other sources of genetic damage.
Türközer Z, Güler G, Seyhan N. · 2008
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to 50 Hz electric fields at various strengths (from 2,000 to 5,000 volts per meter) for 8 hours daily over three days, then measured markers of oxidative stress in brain tissue. The study found no statistically significant changes in cellular damage markers or antioxidant enzyme activity, though some non-significant trends were observed. This suggests that short-term exposure to these electric field levels may not cause measurable oxidative stress in brain tissue.
Türközer Z, Güler G, Seyhan N · 2008
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to powerful electric fields (the kind found near high-voltage power lines) for 8 hours daily over three days to see if it would damage brain tissue through oxidative stress. They found no statistically significant effects on brain cell damage markers or antioxidant defenses, even at the highest exposure levels tested. While this suggests these particular electric field exposures may not cause measurable brain oxidative damage in the short term, the researchers noted some non-significant trends that warrant further investigation.
Ross ML, Koren SA, Persinger MA. · 2008
Researchers exposed 50 people to weak magnetic fields over their left forehead while they processed true or false statements about word definitions. Those exposed to specific pulsed magnetic field patterns (25 Hz or burst-firing) were twice as likely to later accept false statements as true compared to control groups. This demonstrates that extremely weak magnetic fields can directly influence cognitive judgment and decision-making processes in the brain.
Partsvania B, Sulaberidze T, Modebadze Z, Shoshiashvili L. · 2008
Researchers exposed isolated snail brain cells to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields at the same frequencies used in cell phones (8.34 and 217 Hz) and measured how the neurons responded to electrical signals. They found that EMF exposure disrupted the normal learning process in these nerve cells, causing them to lose their ability to filter out repeated stimuli. This suggests that EMF exposure can interfere with basic neural functions that are fundamental to learning and memory.
Ahmed Z, Wieraszko A. · 2008
Researchers exposed hippocampus brain tissue to pulsed magnetic fields (15 mT at 0.16 Hz) for 30 minutes and found significant increases in brain cell excitability and electrical activity. The magnetic field exposure enhanced both excitatory and inhibitory brain processes, with effects that were independent of normal learning pathways. This demonstrates that even brief magnetic field exposure can directly alter fundamental brain function at the cellular level.
Falone S et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed young and old rats to power line magnetic fields for 10 days. Young rats strengthened their brain's antioxidant defenses, but older rats experienced weakened protection against cellular damage, suggesting aging increases vulnerability to electromagnetic field effects.
Harakawa S et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz electric fields (the same frequency as household electricity) while training them to avoid bright environments. The electric field exposure interfered with the rats' ability to learn this avoidance behavior, suggesting the fields affected either their vision or brain function. This indicates that mammals can sense and be neurologically affected by electric fields at levels similar to those found near power lines.
