Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.
Showing 425 studies in Immune System
Lange DG, Sedmak J · 1991
Microwave exposure produced a dose-dependent increase in JEV-induced lethality. Hypercarbia at 5, 10, and 20% CO2 also produced a dose-dependent increase in JEV-induced lethality.
Krause D, Mullins JM, Penafiel LM, Meister R, Nardone RM, · 1991
Researchers studied the effects of 2.45-GHz continuous-wave microwaves on interferon-regulated enzymes in murine L929 cells. Radioactive 2-5A binding to RNase L was 14.5% above control in sham-exposed samples and 36.4% above control in microwave-exposed samples. RNase L specific activity rose along with the increased 2-5A binding, but 2-5A synthetase specific activity showed no change. No detectable differences were noted in cell viability, plating efficiency, or proliferation rate after exposure.
Koveshnikova IV, Antipenko EN · 1991
Researchers studied whether thyroid hormones play a role in modifying the mutagenic effect of microwaves in rats. The mutagenic effect of microwaves at 2,450 or 2,750 MHz, 500 microW/cm2, for 30 days at 7 hours a day increased when rats had either low or high thyroid hormone levels. The researchers concluded that normal thyroid gland functioning appears to be an important condition for maintaining chromosome integrity under microwave exposure.
Veyret B et al. · 1991
Researchers exposed Balb/C mice to pulsed microwaves at 9.4 GHz, both with and without amplitude modulation at frequencies between 14 and 41 MHz, to assess effects on the immune system. Exposure took place for five consecutive days at 10 hours per day, at a whole-body-averaged SAR of approximately 0.015 W/kg. When the pulsed field was combined with amplitude modulation, immune responses were significantly augmented or weakened depending on the AM frequency used, while the pulsed field alone did not greatly alter immune responsiveness.
Nageswari KS et al. · 1991
Researchers exposed fourteen male Belgian white rabbits to microwave radiation at 5 mW/cm2, 2.1 GHz, three hours daily, six days a week for three months, while seven rabbits received sham exposure for the same duration. Significant suppression of T lymphocyte numbers was found in the microwave group at two months and during follow-up. Despite lower T lymphocyte counts in the blood, no significant variation was observed in tissue T lymphocyte counts, and a functional immune response test showed no impairment.
Goldoni J · 1990
Researchers studied 14 male radar technicians who had been exposed to pulsed microwaves for 7 to 14 years. They compared these workers with 10 male electronic technicians who worked at the same airport but far from microwave sources. After two years, the exposed workers showed a significant decrease in thrombocyte and leukocyte counts, and their leukocyte and erythrocyte counts were significantly lower than in the control group. There was no significant difference in reticulocyte and lymphocyte counts between the groups.
Cleary SF, Liu LM, Merchant RE · 1990
Researchers exposed whole human blood in vitro for 2 hours to 27 or 2,450 MHz radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation under isothermal conditions at 37 degrees C. At SARs below 50 W/kg, exposure produced a dose-dependent, statistically significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation, while exposure at 50 W/kg or higher suppressed proliferation relative to sham-exposed cells. The researchers concluded that these biphasic, dose-dependent effects on lymphocyte proliferation were not dependent on heating. There were no detectable effects of RF radiation on lymphocyte morphology or viability.
Robert P. Liburdy, Alan Wyant · 1984
Researchers exposed human serum to a 10 MHz electric field during liquid gel chromatography and murine spleen lymphocytes to 2500MHz RFR during immunoaffinity cell chromatography. The 10 MHz exposure accelerated elution of IgM, IgA, and IgG fractions, with the IgG peak shifting from approximately 165 ml to 150 ml. The 2500MHz RFR exposure caused premature elution of 19 per cent of the Ig* (B-cell) population, indicating an alteration of Ig binding. No measurable heating occurred; the gel media temperature remained at 25-00 +0-05°C and temperature excursions in excess of +0-05°C were not observed.
D.I. McRee, R. Faith, E.E. McConnell, A.W. Guy · 1980
Unknown authors · 1980
Sol M. Michaelson · 1980
Some reports suggest low power density microwaves affect neural and immunologic function, but many studies have methodological inadequacies. The review finds no satisfactory evidence of genetic effects at low to modest power densities, and recent studies confirm exposures below 10 mW/cm² are not mutagenic. Developmental abnormalities are attributed to hyperthermia, and no serious effects are expected below 10 mW/cm² under usual conditions. Behavioral studies show performance suppression with a threshold power density of 5 to 50 mW/cm² depending on exposure parameters.
René Males · 1979
M. J. Ortner et al. · 1979
Researchers exposed isolated rat peritoneal mast cells to 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 8.5 and 42.5 mW/ml for up to 3 hours while maintaining the cells at 37°C. The exposure caused no change in cell morphology or viability as measured by Trypan Blue exclusion. Prior or simultaneous microwave exposure did not alter the cells' secretory response to compound 48/80. Heating cells to 45°C for 10 minutes made them refractory to 48/80, but microwave-exposed cells at 37°C responded normally, indicating no heat-induced membrane damage.
Robert P. Liburdy · 1979
Researchers exposed mice to whole-body radiofrequency radiation at 26 MHz that raised core temperature by 2°C over 15 minutes, inducing transient lymphopenia and increasing splenic T- and B-lymphocytes. Repeated RFR exposures sustained lymphopenia and further elevated splenic T- and B-lymphocyte levels. Chronic RFR exposure decreased thymic weight, thymic and splenic cell density, and suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity. Warm air exposure increased only splenic B-lymphocytes and did not change delayed hypersensitivity, while RFR exposure raised plasma corticoid levels severalfold. A synthetic glucocorticoid reproduced the lymphopenia, splenic T- and B-lymphocyte increases, and thymic involution observed with RFR.
Jana Pazderová-Vejlupková, Marcel Josífko · 1979
Alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophils rose significantly in the first week of irradiation and fell transiently after irradiation ceased. In the post-irradiation interval, exposed rats displayed a significant decline in rate of body weight increase.
Clark W. Heath et al. · 1978
R.P. Liburdy · 1978
Researchers used a novel double-isotope labeling technique with Cr-51 labeled T-lymphocytes and In-111-oxine labeled B-lymphocytes, mixed the fractions, injected them intravenously into female Balb/c mice, and immediately exposed the mice to 2.5 GHz microwave radiation at 30 mW/cm² (45 W/g SAR) for 30 minutes at 25°C. At 30 mW/cm², T-lymphocytes showed a significant increase in migration to the lung, liver, and bone marrow and a marked reduction in migration to the spleen. B-lymphocytes were essentially unaffected by microwave irradiation.
Unknown authors · 1978
Christopher H. Dodge, Zorach R. Glaser · 1977
WIESLAW WIKTOR-JEDRZEJCZAK et al. · 1977
A single exposure significantly increased the proportion of complement-receptor-positive lymphoid cells in the spleen on day 6, with a net increase of 33.5%. Repeated exposures on three days significantly increased complement-receptor-positive cells on days 3, 6, and 9, and also significantly increased immunoglobulin-positive cells on day 6. Total spleen cell numbers and theta-positive cell proportions did not change after either single or repeated exposures.
Unknown authors · 1977
Researchers cultured human bone marrow cells in agar and exposed them to AC and DC electrical currents for 7 days. Symmetrical AC impulse current had no effect on cell growth. DC current greater than 10 pA caused severe growth reduction and protein electrophoresis. The growth reduction was proportional to the logarithm of the AC current amplitudes. The reduction was not related to induction, pH changes, or protein electrophoresis.
C. H. Dodge, Z. R. Glaser · 1977
The authors selectively reviewed international literature from circa 1970 to 1977 on biological and clinical phenomena associated with microwave or radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure. The review concluded that mechanisms of EM field bioeffects were becoming better understood as investigative technology and methodology improved. Recent Western evidence supported Soviet and European claims that EM fields can affect nervous system function and morphology in small mammals, birds, and invertebrates at power levels below those defined as thermogenic in the West. Clinical studies in the West did not corroborate Soviet and East European clinical surveys reporting reversible psychophysiological dysfunctions from chronic low-level exposure.
Peter A. Neukomm · 1976
Most telemetry equipment operates between 10 and 1000 MHz with radiated power from a few microwatts to approximately 2 W. Hot spots in animal brains show heating potential 10 to 15 times higher than predicted by the RAC method.
Richard H. Lovely, Thomas J. Sparks, A.W. Guy · 1976
Udintsev NA, Moroz VV · 1976