Ferreira AR et al. · 2006
Researchers used the micronucleus assay to assess chromosomal damage in erythrocytes from rat offspring exposed to non-thermal UHF-EMF from a cellular phone during embryogenesis. The irradiated group showed a significant increase in micronuclei occurrence. No significant differences were found in any oxidative parameter of offspring blood and liver. The average number of pups in each litter was not significantly altered.
Anghileri LJ, Mayayo E, Domingo JL, Thouvenot P. · 2006
The study aimed to evaluate health risks caused by radio frequency accelerated carcinogenesis and the importance of processes driven by the calcium ion signal. Exposed animals showed organ hypertrophy, lymphoid blood and ascites, solid tumours, and mortality that were very different from control animals. The results emphasized the role of calcium ion signal influx in the activation of oncogenes and the failure of thymus-determined immune defences.
Koylu H, Mollaoglu H, Ozguner F, Nazyroglu M, Delibab N. · 2006
Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham control, 900-MHz microwave exposure, and microwave exposure with melatonin treatment. Microwave exposure increased lipid peroxidation in both the brain cortex and hippocampus compared to controls. Melatonin administration decreased lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus but did not affect cortex levels.
Jeong JH, Kum C, Choi HJ, Park ES, Sohn UD. · 2006
Researchers investigated the effect of 60 Hz ELF-MF on hyperalgesia in mice using a hot plate test. Exposure to ELF-MF lowered pain threshold and elevated NO synthesis in brain and spinal cord. The hyperalgesic effects were blocked by an NOS inhibitor and a Ca2+ channel blocker but not by an NMDA receptor antagonist.
Bediz CS, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R, Oztekin E. · 2006
Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups: control, EMF-exposed (50 Hz, 5 minutes every other day for 6 months), and EMF-exposed with zinc sulfate (3 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally). Researchers measured plasma zinc and TBARS, and GSH in erythrocytes; TBARS and GSH were also determined in brain tissues. TBARS levels in plasma and brain were higher in EMF-exposed rats than controls, and lower in zinc-supplemented rats than EMF-exposed rats. GSH levels decreased in brain and erythrocytes of EMF-exposed rats and were highest in zinc-supplemented rats. Plasma zinc was lower in EMF-exposed rats than controls and highest in zinc-supplemented rats.
Zhao R, Zhang SZ, Yao GD, Lu DQ, Jiang H, Xu ZP · 2006
Yu D, Shen Y, Kuster N, Fu Y, Chiang H. · 2006
No significant differences in overall mammary tumor incidence, latency, multiplicity, or size were observed between microwave-exposed and sham-exposed groups. A tendency for reduced adenocarcinoma incidence at 0.44 W/kg and increased incidence at 4.0 W/kg did not reach statistical significance. Cage control rats had higher body weight, higher tumor incidence, and shorter tumor latency than sham- and microwave-exposed groups.
Trosic I, Busljeta I. · 2006
Researchers exposed rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at a whole-body SAR of 1.25+/-0.36 W/kg for 2 hours per day, 7 days a week. Bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes increased on days 8 and 15, and peripheral blood polychromatic erythrocytes increased on days 2 and 8. Bone marrow micronucleated PCE frequency increased on day 15, and peripheral blood micronucleated PCEs increased on day 8, but all values declined nearly to control levels by the end of the experiment.
Paulraj R, Behari J · 2006
The control group was sham irradiated. The study revealed a statistically significant decrease in PKC activity in the hippocampus compared to the rest of the brain and controls. Electron microscopy showed an increase in glial cell population in the exposed group.
Hoyto A, Sihvonen AP, Alhonen L, Juutilainen J, Naarala J · 2006
Researchers investigated the effects of low-level radiofrequency radiation and elevated temperature on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in murine L929 fibroblasts. RF radiation did not affect cellular ODC activity. A slight temperature increase of 0.8-0.9 degrees C in the exposure system led to decreased ODC activity, which was verified by exposing cells to different temperatures in incubators.
Forgacs Z et al. · 2006
Researchers studied the possible effects of whole-body 1800 MHz GSM-like microwave exposure on male reproduction in mice. After repeated exposure at 0.018-0.023 W/kg SAR, an elevated serum testosterone level was measured, but no histopathological alteration could be detected in the reproductive organs. Leydig cell cultures from exposed animals did not differ from controls in their steroidogenic response.
Faraone et al. · 2006
Espinosa JM, Liberti M, Lagroye I, Veyret B. · 2006
Researchers studied the binding properties of the serotonin 5-HT1B receptor in rat brain membranes under exposure to AC and DC magnetic fields. One-hour exposures at 1.1 mT at 50 Hz caused statistically significant increases in both the K(D) and B(max) binding parameters, from 1.74 to 4.51 nM and from 1428 to 2137 CPM, respectively. DC fields had a lesser effect compared to AC fields at low values of K(Dsham), but decreased the affinity at higher values of K(Dsham). The researchers described these findings as one of the few documented pieces of evidence for cell-free effects of DC and extremely low frequency AC magnetic fields in the mT range.
Frahm J, Lantow M, Lupke M, Weiss DG, Simkó M · 2006
Researchers investigated whether extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields affect cellular functions and immunologic parameters of mouse macrophages. Magnetic field exposure led to a 1.6-fold increased uptake of latex beads in exposed cells compared to controls after 45 minutes. IL-1β formation increased significantly after 4 hours and reached a maximum 12.3-fold increase after 24 hours compared to controls. All tested flux densities significantly stimulated free radical formation, and no significant differences in micronucleus formation were found in exposed cells.
Aksen F, Akdag MZ, Ketani A, Yokus B, Kaya A, Dasdag S. · 2006
Belyaev IY et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed rats to 915 MHz GSM microwaves for 2 hours at a SAR of 0.4 mW/g and then examined brain cells for DNA damage and gene expression changes. In the cerebellum, 11 genes were upregulated in a range of 1.34 to 2.74 fold and one gene was downregulated 0.48-fold (P < .0025). The exposure did not induce detectable DNA double strand breaks or changes in chromatin conformation.
Zhang DY, Xu ZP, Chiang H, Lu DQ, Zeng QL. · 2006
Researchers studied the effects of GSM 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on DNA damage in Chinese hamster lung cells. Cells were intermittently exposed to GSM 1800 MHz RF EMF at a SAR of 3.0 W/kg for either 1 hour or 24 hours, using a pattern of 5 minutes on and 10 minutes off. After 24 hours of exposure, the percentage of gammaH2AX foci positive cells was 37.9 +/- 8.6%, significantly higher than the sham-exposed group at 28.0 +/- 8.4%. The 1-hour exposure showed no significant difference from sham exposure.
Paulraj R, Behari J. · 2006
Researchers exposed 35-day-old male Wistar rats to microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz and 16.5 GHz for 35 days to study effects on developing rat brain. After exposure, the researchers measured DNA single strand breaks in brain tissue using micro gel electrophoresis (comet assay), with fifty cells from each slide and two slides per animal observed. The study found a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in DNA single strand breaks in the brain cells of exposed rats.
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers investigated whether acute magnetic-field exposure could elicit DNA damage in brain cells from adult rats, adult mice, and immature mice. Rodents were exposed to a 60 Hz magnetic field at 0, 0.1, 1, or 2 mT for 2 h and brain cells were analyzed at 0, 2, and 4 h after exposure using the alkaline comet assay. No significant increase in DNA damage was detected at any magnetic-field strength or time point.
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to millimeter waves at 37.4, 42.2, 53.0, and 60.0 GHz with power densities of 1, 3, 5, and 8 mW/cm(2) for two hours daily from gestation day 6 to 15. Offspring learning and memory were tested using a Y-type electric maze, and hippocampal c-Fos protein expression was measured at multiple time points after training. The lowest power density that decreased both learning and memory and c-Fos expression was 5 and 3 mW/cm(2). Injury severity increased with power density, and no rise in maternal body temperature was observed.
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers exposed two-month-old Wistar male rats to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 100-300 microT and 54-160 V/m for 4 h a day, seven days a week for one month. After sacrifice, skin and thyroid samples were processed for toluidine blue staining or indirect immunohistochemistry, and stereological analysis was performed using an M42 grid and a special microscopic frame. The numerical and volume density of intact type A mast cells in the thyroid was significantly higher in the exposed group compared to controls. Mast cells and immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed in the skin, and histamine-immunoreactive mast cells were observed in the thyroid of exposed animals. However, the differences in stereological data were not statistically significant by the Mann-Whitney test.
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers exposed 24 male Wistar rats to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields at 100-300 microT for 4 hours daily over one month. Skin and thyroid samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and stereology with markers for serotonin, substance P, CGRP, PGP 9.5, and NPY. Exposed rats had significantly more serotonin-positive mast cells in skin and NPY-containing nerve fibers in thyroid compared to controls.
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers exposed rats bearing human breast cancer xenografts to increasing intensities of white fluorescent light during the dark phase and collected blood from premenopausal women at daytime, nighttime, or after 90 minutes of bright light at night. Tumors perfused with nocturnal melatonin-rich blood showed markedly suppressed proliferative activity and linoleic acid uptake compared with tumors perfused with daytime melatonin-deficient blood. Tumors perfused with blood collected after ocular light-at-night exposure exhibited the daytime pattern of high tumor proliferative activity, and the tumor growth response to light during darkness was intensity dependent.
Unknown authors · 2005
Researchers studied the effect of 900MHz low-intensity microwave fields on AMPA GluR2 protein and intracellular calcium in postnatal rat cerebral cortical neurons. Neurons were exposed to continuous 900MHz microwaves at SAR values of 3.22, 2.23, and 1.15 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 4 or 6 consecutive days, and also for 12 hours at 3.22 W/kg. Compared with sham exposure, GluR2 protein was significantly down-regulated and intracellular calcium was significantly up-regulated in the exposed neurons.
Wang J et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed mouse C3H10T1/2 cells to 2450 MHz HFEMF at SARs of 5 to 200 W/kg for 2 hours, with or without methylcholanthrene (MC) and the tumor promoter TPA. Transformed foci of Type II and Type III were counted as the endpoint. No significant differences were observed in malignant transformation frequency between controls and HFEMF with or without TPA. Transformation frequency increased for HFEMF at SAR above 100 W/kg when combined with MC or MC plus TPA, while heat exposure did not increase transformation.
