Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar rats to 50 Hz extremely low-frequency magnetic fields at 1, 1.5, and 2 mT for 4 hours per day, 5 days per week for 30 days. The study found that different exposure levels caused increases in calcium levels and apoptosis in the rat brain. As the magnetic field strength increased, apoptosis and calcium levels in brain tissues also increased. The researchers concluded that the exposure caused neurodegeneration, increased apoptosis, and increased calcium concentration.
Unknown authors · 2023
Eighty rats were divided into four exposure groups and a control group, and the treatment groups were exposed to 50-Hz magnetic fields at 1, 100, 500, and 2000 μT for 2 hours daily over 60 days. All rats were immunized with human serum albumin on days 31, 44, and 58. AID expression significantly decreased at 1 μT, Bcl-6 expression did not change, and serum IL-6 increased only in the 500 μT group after immunization.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers randomly assigned adult female NMRI mice to five groups including fresh ovarian transplantation, vitrified transplantation, and vitrified transplantation with NAC, pulsed electromagnetic fields, or both. NAC, PEMF, and combined NAC+PEMF treatments significantly increased follicle numbers and vascularization in the transplanted tissue. The combined treatment also lowered malondialdehyde levels and demonstrated a synergistic effect on angiogenesis and oxidative stress protection.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 5G EMF at 3500 MHz continuous wave with a whole-body SAR of 0.07 W/kg for 22 hours per day from gestational day 8 to postnatal day 21. Both male and female pups showed delayed incisor eruption by one day in the exposed group compared to sham controls. In adolescent open-field testing, exposed females exhibited 70% fewer stereotyped movements while exposed males exhibited 50% more stereotyped movements than sham-exposed rats.
Unknown authors · 2023
Rats exposed to jammer device showed dysfunction in short- and long-term memory, which shown the unfavorable effect of jammer on memory and learning. Our results indicated that the distance from radiation source was more important than the duration.
Salari M et al. · 2023
Researchers tested the effects of ketamine and extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on depression-like behavior and on learning and memory. They also measured expression of GFAP, caspase-3, p53, BDNF, and NMDA receptor in animals subjected to chronic unpredictable stress.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed 28 Wistar Albino rats to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 3 hours per day over one month. The greatest effect was seen at 1800 MHz in the right lobe and at 2100 MHz in the left lobe.
Unknown authors · 2023
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed mice continuously for 16 weeks to 2.45 GHz RF radiation from a household Wi-Fi router and a laboratory device, comparing them to a sham-exposed group. Mice underwent behavioral tests including open-field and Y-maze before and after exposure, and brains were examined for histopathology and DNA methylation. Exposure increased locomotor activity but did not produce significant structural or morphological brain changes. Global DNA methylation was lower in exposed mice than in sham mice.
Unknown authors · 2023
CT irradiation had gross effects on platelets, white blood cell counts, memory, hepatic and testicular histoarchitectures compared to the 5 GHz-only group. The 5 GHz-only group showed loss of p53 (exons 5–7) gene bands and increased micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte count.
Khayat S, Fanaei H, Lakzaee N · 2023
Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly assigned to RF radiation exposure or no exposure, and their male offspring were later allocated to sham, exposure-only, hypoxia-ischemia, or combined hypoxia-ischemia and exposure groups. MMP-9 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the combined hypoxia-ischemia and exposure group than in the hypoxia-ischemia, sham, or exposure-only groups. The combined exposure group also showed higher TNF-α and total oxidant capacity but lower total antioxidant capacity compared with the other groups. Cerebral edema and infarct volume were greater in the combined group than in the hypoxia-ischemia group, and sensory-motor function was weaker in the combined group.
Unknown authors · 2023
Weaned Wistar rats were divided into four groups and exposed to EMF (1,760 MHz, 2 h/day) and/or 15% fructose solution for 8 weeks. In the hypothalamic tissue of the combined exposure group, expressions of SIRT1, FOXO1, p-PI3K, p-AKT, Complex III, UCP2, MnSOD, and catalase and activities of OXPHOS and GSH were significantly decreased compared to the normal, EMF-only, and fructose-only groups. In hepatic tissue of the combined exposure group, expressions of p-AMPKα, SIRT1, FOXO1, IRS1, p-PI3K, Complex I, II, III, IV, V, UCP2, and MnSOD and activities of OXPHOS, SOD, catalase, and GSH were significantly reduced compared to the normal group.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed 5-week-old male Wistar rats to a 2115 MHz RF-EMR signal at 1.51 W/kg SAR for 8 hours. Exposed rats showed higher lipid peroxidation, carbon-centered lipid radicals, and single-strand DNA damage in the brain. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus decreased, indicating reduced neurogenesis. RF-EMR exposure caused degenerative changes and neuronal loss in dentate gyrus neurons but not in CA3, CA1, or cerebral cortex neurons.
Unknown authors · 2023
Exposure significantly increased cardiac protein expression of mitochondrial Complex I, II, III, and IV subunits, while Complex V expression remained stable. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was modified in exposed mice. Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme SOD2 were unchanged, and no structural or functional heart abnormalities were found.
Unknown authors · 2023
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers divided adult male albino rats into four groups: control, exercise, Wi-Fi exposure, and exercise plus Wi-Fi exposure. Wi-Fi exposure increased oxidative enzymes, decreased antioxidant enzymes, caused neuronal degeneration, and reduced PCNA and ZO-1 immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. Physical exercise alleviated these Wi-Fi-induced changes.
Li et al. · 2023
Kilic A, Ustunova S, Bulut H, Meral I · 2023
Researchers exposed male and female Wistar albino offspring to 900 MHz EMF for one hour per day during prenatal (23 days) and/or postnatal (40 days) periods and collected brain and kidney tissues at puberty. In all exposed groups, total oxidant status, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α rose while total antioxidant status fell in both sexes' brain and kidney tissues. Renin-angiotensin system components including angiotensinogen, renin, AT1, AT2, and MAS1-like receptor expression were also elevated in all exposed groups compared with controls.
Unknown authors · 2023
The study used prepubertal male rats exposed to 2.45 GHz RF radiation at varying electric field intensities. The exposure groups included electric field strengths of 0.6, 1.9, 5, 10, and 15 V/m, with daily 1-hour exposures for 45 days. Exposed rats showed elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in testicular tissue. Histological analysis revealed distinct alterations in testicular tissue compared to controls.
Unknown authors · 2023
Forty young male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into control, multiple cell phone-exposed, and lipoic acid-treated groups. Exposed rats showed shorter latency to the platform by the fifth day of training but had reduced consolidation of spatial long-term memory. Lipoic acid treatment improved learning and memory, significantly decreasing hippocampal MDA and acetylcholine, increasing glutamate, downregulating Sirt1 and upregulating Atg7.
Unknown authors · 2023
Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, RFR exposure, paricalcitol treatment, and combined RFR plus paricalcitol. No significant differences were found in seminiferous tubule diameters or germinal epithelial thicknesses among groups. Ultrastructural changes observed in the seminiferous tubule and Leydig cells in the RFR group were decreased in the RFR plus paricalcitol group. The RFR plus paricalcitol group showed increased Johnsen Score, Ki67, p63 immunoreactivity, SOD and CAT activities, and decreased MDA levels compared with the RFR group.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz EMF radiation for 6, 12, or 24 hours per day over 20 days. After birth, six male pups per group were randomly selected for histopathological and biochemical analysis of myocardial tissue. Myocardial damage was greatest in the 2100 MHz 24-hour group, which also had higher MDA and lower GSH levels. At 1800 MHz, the 24-hour exposure group showed greater damage, higher MDA, and lower GSH compared to shorter durations. The authors concluded that myocardial tissue is more affected by long-term high-frequency EMF exposure and raised concerns about 5G technology.
Unknown authors · 2023
Fifty-six rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into healthy and diabetic groups, each with sham and radiofrequency radiation exposure at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz. Over a month, each group spent two hours per day in a Plexiglas carousel, with experimental groups exposed to radiofrequency radiation and sham groups not exposed. Researchers performed three-point bending tests and radiological evaluations on the right tibia bones and measured CAT, GSH, MDA, and IMA in skeletal muscle tissue. Significant differences were found in biomechanical properties, radiological evaluations, and muscle tissue measurements between groups (p < .05). Average whole-body SAR values were 0.026 W/kg for GSM 900 MHz, 0.164 W/kg for 1800 MHz, and 0.173 W/kg for 2100 MHz.
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers exposed purified BMSCs to sinusoidal or square waveform electromagnetic fields at 400 µT and 75 Hz for either 1 hour per week or 7 hours per day, then injected them into the left substantia nigra of Parkinsonian rats. Cell morphology analysis showed that sinusoidal EMF exposure caused most BMSCs to differentiate into neurons, including large and small neurons with apparent synapses. Square EMF exposure produced mainly astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, while both BMSCs alone and sinusoidal EMF-exposed BMSCs improved locomotor activity in the rats.
Unknown authors · 2022
