Persson BRR, Salford LG, Brun A · 1997
Researchers studied blood-brain barrier permeability in Fischer 344 rats of both sexes exposed to radio frequency electromagnetic fields. The exposure used 915 MHz microwaves delivered as either pulse-modulated or continuous wave signals. The rate of pathological leakage rose from 0.17 in controls to 0.39 across all exposed rats, a highly significant difference. Continuous wave exposure produced a higher rate of pathological rats (0.50 ± 0.07) than pulse-modulated exposure (0.35 ± 0.03), and that difference was also statistically significant.
Olchowik G · 1997
Researchers investigated the influence of hydrocortisone and microwave radiation on bone in rats. Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate was administered intraperitoneally for 12 weeks with concomitant microwave irradiation at two power densities. The results indicated a protective effect of electromagnetic microwave radiation on bone tissue exposed to corticotherapy.
Nelson BK, Conover DL, Shaw PB, Snyder DL, Edwards RM · 1997
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to radiofrequency radiation that raised colonic temperature to 42.0°C for 10 minutes while administering various doses of 2-methoxyethanol on gestation day 13. Dose-related developmental toxicity from 2-methoxyethanol occurred both with and without the radiation exposure. However, the radiation changed the shape of the dose-effect curve for 2-methoxyethanol.
Maes A, Collier M, Van Gorp U, Vandoninck S, Verschaeve L · 1997
Researchers exposed cells to 935.2 MHz microwaves alone and in combination with mitomycin C and found no direct cytogenetic effect. Combined exposure to microwaves followed by mitomycin C produced a very weak effect compared to mitomycin C alone.
Lagorio S et al. · 1997
Researchers investigated the mortality of Italian plastic-ware workers exposed to radiofrequency fields from dielectric heat sealers. Follow-up ran from 1962 to 1992 and the analysis included 481 women workers representing 78% of person-years. Mortality from malignant neoplasms was slightly elevated and increased risks of leukemia and accidents were detected. The all-cancer standardised mortality ratio was higher among women in the sealing department than in the whole cohort.
Koldayev VM, Shchepin YV, · 1997
The aim of the study was to investigate effects of electromagnetic radiation on sea-urchin embryos. Electromagnetic radiation caused a decrease in the number of fertilized eggs and an increase in the number of zygotes with abnormal fertilization envelopes in sea-urchins.
Hayes DL et al. · 1997
Researchers conducted a multicenter, prospective, crossover study testing 980 patients with cardiac pacemakers using five types of cellular telephones. Telephones were tested at maximal power in a test mode and one telephone during actual transmission, with monitoring at the ear and over the pacemaker. The incidence of any interference was 20 percent in 5533 tests, clinically significant interference occurred in 6.6 percent, and definitely clinically significant interference occurred in 1.7 percent only when the telephone was held over the pacemaker. Interference was more frequent with dual-chamber pacemakers than with single-chamber pacemakers and more frequent with pacemakers lacking feed-through filters than with those having filters.
Gadzicka E, Bortkiewicz A, Zmyslony M, Palczynski C · 1997
The study used 24-hour blood pressure monitoring with a Medilog ABP kit to assess male workers from middlewave broadcast stations, radioservice stations, and radio line stations. Mean arterial blood pressure and day-night blood pressure variability did not differ significantly between exposed and control groups. Daily heart rate was significantly lower in middlewave broadcast station workers compared to controls despite similar work and non-occupational activities. Day-night heart rate variability was significantly lower in exposed groups, which may suggest neurovegetative regulation disorders. Radioservice station workers had a higher incidence of increased arterial blood pressure than controls.
Dolk H, Elliott P, Shaddick G, Walls P, Thakrar B · 1997
Researchers conducted a small-area study of cancer incidence from 1974 to 1986 near 20 high-power TV and FM radio transmitters in Great Britain using the national database of postcoded cancer registrations with population and socioeconomic data from the 1981 census. The study examined adult leukemias, skin melanoma, bladder cancer, childhood leukemia, and brain cancer. A decline in risk of adult leukemia was found for all transmitters combined (p=0.05), but excess risk was no more than 15% at any distance up to 10 km and there was no excess within 2 km (O/E ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.78-1.21). For childhood leukemia, brain cancer, adult skin melanoma, and bladder cancer, results did not indicate a decline in risk with distance from transmitters.
Dolk H et al. · 1997
Researchers conducted a small-area study of cancer incidence from 1974 to 1986 around the Sutton Coldfield TV and FM radio transmitter in England. They used national cancer registration data and 1981 census data, calculating expected cancers with indirect standardization stratified by socioeconomic index. Adult leukemia risk within 2 km was 1.83 (95% CI 1.22-2.74) and declined significantly with distance (p=0.001), with similar patterns for skin and bladder cancer.
Chattopadhyay SK, Toews KA, Butt S, Barlett R, Brown HD · 1997
Acetylcholinesterase and NADPH cytochrome-P450 reductase show the same temperature versus activity profile in AOT reverse micelles as in buffered dilute solution. In reverse micelles, inhibitors such as propidium and d-tubocurarine have much less effect on indophenol-acetate hydrolysis than in dilute solution, while other inhibitors act the same. The internal pH of reverse micelles depends on available hydrogen ions, low-molarity buffers often cannot keep pH constant, and proton-yielding reactions proceed dramatically faster than in dilute solution at the same acidic pH.
Altamura G et al. · 1997
The study used continuous ECG monitoring of 200 pacemaker patients to determine whether digital and analogue cellular phones affect them. GSM phones caused 97 interference episodes in 43 patients (21.5%) and TACS phones caused 60 episodes in 35 patients (17.5%). Interference episodes were more frequent during ringing (131) than during the on/off phase (26), and more at maximum sensitivity (106) than at base value (51). Prolonged pacing inhibition over 4 seconds occurred in six patients with GSM at base sensing value but only one with TACS. The researchers concluded that cellular phones may be dangerous but can be used safely if not carried close to the pacemaker.
Vorobyov VV, Galchenko AA, Kukushkin NI, Akoev IG · 1997
Researchers studied averaged EEG frequency spectra in eight unanesthetized adult male rats with chronically implanted electrodes in symmetrical somesthetic areas during intermittent exposure to a weak 945 MHz microwave field amplitude-modulated at 4 Hz. Hemispheric asymmetry showed power decreases in the 1.5-3 Hz range on the left and in the 10-14 and 20-30 Hz ranges on the right hemisphere. No differences between control and exposure were found in averaged spectra over 10 or 1 minute periods. However, significant elevations of EEG asymmetry in the 10-14 Hz range occurred during the first 20 seconds after most microwave field onsets when spectra were averaged every 10 seconds.
Rojavin MA, Ziskin MC · 1997
Researchers injected BALB/c mice with ketamine 80 mg/kg or chloral hydrate 450 mg/kg and exposed them to 61.22 GHz millimeter waves at 420 W/kg peak specific absorption rate for 15 minutes. Millimeter wave exposure increased anesthesia duration by about 50% compared to sham exposure, which had no effect.
Repacholi et al. · 1997
Researchers exposed female E mu-Pim1 transgenic mice to pulsed 900 MHz fields for two 30-minute periods per day for up to 18 months. Lymphoma risk was significantly higher in exposed mice than in controls (OR = 2.4, P = 0.006). Follicular lymphomas were the major contributor to the increased tumor incidence.
Pu, JS, Chen, J, Yang, YH, Bai, YQ · 1997
Penafiel LM, Litovitz T, Krause D, Desta A, Mullins JM · 1997
Mason PA et al. · 1997
Researchers measured extracellular amino acid concentrations in the hypothalamus and caudate nucleus of rats using in vivo microdialysis before and during exposure to RFR. Rats were exposed to 5.02 GHz radiation (10 microseconds pulse width, 1000 pulses/s) for 40 minutes while brain temperatures were maintained at approximately 41.2 and 41.7 degrees C. Aspartic acid, serine, and glycine concentrations increased significantly in both regions during exposure. Glutamic acid and glutamine changes were not statistically significant.
Magras, IN, Xenos, TD · 1997
Researchers measured RF power densities between 168 nW/cm2 and 1053 nW/cm2 at several locations around an antenna park. Twelve pairs of mice divided into two groups were placed in locations of different power densities and mated five times. The number of newborns per dam decreased progressively until irreversible infertility occurred, but crown-rump length, body weight, and vertebral counts improved.
Litovitz et al. · 1997
Researchers exposed L929 cells to 60 Hz AM microwave fields or a 50 Hz burst-modulated DAMPS digital cellular phone field together with 30-100 Hz ELF noise up to 10 microT for 8 h. ODC enhancement decreased exponentially with increasing noise amplitude, with complete inhibition at 2 microT or higher for 60 Hz AM microwaves and 5 microT or higher for the DAMPS signal.
Nakamura H, Seto T, Nagase H, Yoshida M, Dan S, Ogino K. · 1997
Pregnant rats exposed to microwaves showed a significant reduction in splenic natural killer cell activity, while no such reduction was seen in exposed virgin rats. Corticosterone and ACTH increased, and oestradiol decreased, in both exposed virgin and pregnant rats, while beta-endorphin and progesterone increased significantly only in pregnant rats.
Jensh RP · 1997
This review examined whether chronic prenatal microwave exposure in rats caused adverse effects at birth or alterations in offspring development and growth. Pregnant rats were exposed throughout pregnancy to continuous wave 915 MHz, 2450 MHz, or 6000 MHz radiation at power density levels of 10, 20, or 35 mW/cm2, respectively. Animals exposed to 915 MHz did not exhibit any consistent significant alterations in any of the parameters measured. Offspring exposed to 6000 MHz showed an initial slight but significant retardation in term weight, delayed eye opening, lower weekly weights that recovered by the fifth week, and changes in water T-maze and open field performance.
Hocking B, Gordon IR, Grain HL, Hatfield GE · 1997
Researchers compared cancer incidence and mortality from 1972 to 1990 in nine municipalities, three of which surround TV towers and six of which are further away. Among children, the rate ratio for leukaemia incidence was 1.58 and for mortality it was 2.32. Brain cancer incidence and mortality were not increased. The researchers found an association between increased childhood leukaemia incidence and mortality and proximity to TV towers.
Hjollund NH, Bonde JP, Skotte J · 1997
This preliminary survey examined semen quality among Danish military personnel who operated mobile ground-to-air missile units using microwave-emitting radar systems. The median sperm density of the military personnel was significantly low compared to reference values. The researchers noted that the difference could be due to chance, uncontrolled bias, or nonthermal effects of transitory microwaves.
Gapeev AB, Lakushina VS, Chemeris NK, Fesenko EE · 1997
Researchers investigated how low-intensity modulated extremely high frequency electromagnetic radiation affected the respiratory burst of peritoneal neutrophils from NMRI mice. Continuous radiation at 50 microW/cm2 inhibited the reaction, with a maximum effect of about 25% at a carrier frequency of 41.95 GHz. When modulation was applied at 1 Hz, the reaction was activated, while modulation at 0.1, 16, and 50 Hz inhibited it. The effect was observed only when intracellular free calcium concentration was raised and calcium was flowing through the plasma membrane.
