Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed primary hippocampal neurons from C57BL/6 mice and Neuro2a cells to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR at a specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 4 W/kg for 48 h. Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR for 24, 48, and 72 h at 4 W/kg did not influence cell viability. The neurite length, primary and secondary neurite numbers, and branch points of primary mouse hippocampal neurons were significantly impaired by 48-h RF-EMR exposure. The neurite-bearing cell percentage and neurite length of Neuro2a cells were also inhibited by 48-h RF-EMR exposure.
Kim JH, Chung KH, Hwang YR, Park HR, Kim HJ, Kim HG, Kim HR · 2021
Researchers exposed pups and dams to whole-body RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg SAR for 5 h per day for 4 weeks from postnatal day 1 to P28. Total dendritic spines decreased significantly in the dentate gyrus but not in CA1, while mushroom-type dendritic spines decreased significantly in both CA1 and DG. BDNF expression in CA1 and DG was significantly lower, and PSD95 puncta were significantly decreased at DIV 5, 7, and 9 after RF-EMF exposure. Neurite outgrowth length and branch number decreased significantly without soma size changes, and the memory index showed statistically significant decreases in exposed mice.
Unknown authors · 2021
The study found that exposure to RFID signals at a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg is sufficient to alter serotonin metabolism in rats. This effect occurred regardless of whether the exposure level was considered biohazardous.
Delen K et al. · 2021
Dalecki A, Verrender A, · 2021
Thirty-six adults participated in three experimental sessions with sham, low (1 W/kg), and high (2 W/kg) RF-EMF exposures. Resting EEG was recorded at baseline, during, and after exposure. Alpha power increase was greater for eyes open than eyes closed during both low and high exposures. There was also a trend for the increase to be larger at the end of the high exposure compared to the start.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional analysis of preadolescents aged 9-11 years and adolescents aged 17-18 years from the Dutch ABCD study (n=1664 preadolescents) and the Spanish INMA project (n=1288 preadolescents and n=261 adolescents). Overall whole-brain RF-EMF doses were estimated from mobile and DECT phone calls, other mobile phone uses, tablet use, laptop use, and far-field sources. Higher overall doses from all sources and from phone calls were associated with lower non-verbal intelligence in Dutch and Spanish preadolescents (-0.10 points per 100 mJ/kg/day increase, 95% CI -0.19 to -0.02), but no doses were related to any other cognitive outcome in Spanish preadolescents or adolescents.
Zeni O, Romeo S, Sannino A, Palumbo R, Scarfì MR · 2021
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz radiofrequency fields. Medium from the exposed cells reduced menadione-induced DNA damage in recipient non-exposed cells (P<0.05, comet assay). Direct exposure to the same RF conditions also reduced DNA damage (P<0.05) and increased extracellular hsp70 without changing intracellular hsp70.
Qin F, Cao H, Feng C, Zhu T, Zhu B, Zhang J, Tong J, Pei H · 2021
Researchers exposed four-week-old mice to 1800 MHz RF at 0.50 W/kg SAR in the morning and evening each day for three weeks. They measured pathological changes and functional indices in the testes. RF exposure reduced testicular weight, daily sperm production, and testosterone secretion. Morning exposure was associated with 615 differentially expressed lncRNAs, while evening exposure was associated with 183. Morning RF exposure lncRNAs were correlated with pathways including Fanconi syndrome, metabolic processes, cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA replication.
Li M et al. · 2021
Researchers found that combined radiofrequency ablation and melatonin treatment improved clinical outcomes for early lung cancer patients with multiple pulmonary nodules. In a mouse lung tumor model, radiofrequency ablation stimulated antitumor immunity that could inhibit tumor growth in non-ablated areas. Melatonin enhanced natural killer cell activity and worked synergistically with radiofrequency ablation. Transcriptomics and proteomics analyses showed enhanced oxidative phosphorylation, reduced acidification and hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting reprogrammed tumor metabolism. Combined treatment also depressed MAPK, NF-kappa B, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways, upregulated P53 pathway, reversed the Warburg effect, and decreased tumor malignancy.
Kim JH et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to 1760 MHz LTE RF-EMF at 4 W/kg SAR for 4 hours per day over 4 days. The exposure significantly reduced cell growth and proliferation and delayed the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. DNA damage and apoptosis were not involved, as γH2AX levels were not markedly altered and the apoptotic pathway was not activated. RF-EMF exposure significantly elevated Akt and mTOR phosphorylation and increased total and phosphorylated p53. Activated p53 increased p21 and p27 expression, inhibited CDK2 and CDK4, and reduced phosphorylated retinoblastoma, decreasing proliferation.
Kim HS, H-D Choi , J-K Pack, N Kim, Y H Ahn · 2021
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into cage-control, sham-exposed, and RF-exposed groups and exposed to RF-EMF at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for 8 h/day from gestational Day 1 to 19. Maternal cortisol in circulating blood and adrenal gland was significantly higher in the RF-exposed group than in the sham group. Placental cortisol remained stable and placental 11β-HSD2 mRNA expression did not change in the RF-exposed group.
Yavaş MC, Yegin K, Oruç S, Delen K, Sirav B · 2021
Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a sham-control group and a 2100 MHz exposed group. The exposed rats received GSM-like signals for 5 h/day, 7 days per week for 14 days. Serum total thiol, native thiol, and disulphide levels were higher in the exposed group with p values of 0,219 for total thiol, 0,416 for native thiol and 0,566 for disulphide. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index were also higher in the exposed group. The researchers concluded that RF-EMFs did not cause oxidative stress and statistically changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis.
Wen X et al. · 2021
Researchers exposed mouse bone marrow stromal cells to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 120 μW/cm2 for 4 hours per day over 5 consecutive days. ROS levels increased significantly at 30 minutes and 4 hours after exposure but returned to baseline by 24 hours. Expression of HSP10, HSP60, and ClpP proteins increased significantly at 30 minutes and 4 hours but reversed by 24 hours. When JNK2 was inhibited with siRNA, the RF exposure no longer increased these protein levels.
Unknown authors · 2021
Unknown authors · 2021
Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: moderate aerobic exercise, exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves for 3 hours per day, combined exercise and exposure, or exposure to an experimental phone without battery. Hippocampal dead cell count was significantly higher in the radiation-only group compared to the exercise, combined, and control groups. Malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher in the radiation-only group than in the exercise, combined, and control groups. The activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in the exercise, combined, and control groups compared to the radiation-only group.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed human A172 glioblastoma cells to 1800 MHz continuous-wave or GSM-modulated RF fields at 2.0 W/kg for 5, 30, or 240 minutes with or without serum. They measured phosphorylated and total signal transduction proteins and antioxidant proteins using multiplex bead arrays. In serum-containing cultures, continuous-wave exposure decreased CAT expression after 30 minutes, total JNK at 30 and 240 minutes, STAT3 after 240 minutes, and phosphorylated CREB after 30 minutes. In serum-free cultures, GSM-modulated exposure decreased total STAT5 after 30 and 240 minutes. The authors concluded that the observed changes were sporadic across conditions and likely false positives, with no consistent evidence of changes in antioxidant or signal transduction proteins.
Unknown authors · 2021
Pregnant Wistar albino rats were exposed to pulsed 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 2.8 mW/cm² for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy. Male offspring were not exposed after birth and were examined at 75 days of age. Exposed adult rats showed irregular seminiferous tubules, degenerated germ cells, reduced tubule diameter and epithelial height, and increased interstitial space. Exposed rats also had more vacuoles, altered organelles, necrotizing cells, empty spaces between Sertoli and germ cells, and increased lipid droplets in Leydig cells. Fluoro Jade-C and superoxide dismutase 2 positivity were increased in exposed rats.
Unknown authors · 2021
During operation, mobile phones emit energy in the form of electromagnetic fields that can be absorbed by the user's head. Researchers studied the influence of mobile phone exposure on nervous response by analyzing electrophysiological measurements of brain wave activity. EEG test measurements were taken when the participant was not using and when using a mobile phone.
Unknown authors · 2020
A 2018 US National Toxicology Program study of about 3,000 rats and mice exposed for two years found exposed male rats developed gliomas in the brain and schwannomas in the heart while no control rats developed these tumors. The Ramazzini Institute found the same heart schwannomas in male rats exposed to lower radiation levels. A 2011 NIH study of 47 people found 50 minutes of cell phone radiation changed brain activity near the antenna.
Hepatic injury induced by radio frequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices in Wistar ratsH M Fahmy et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed Wistar female rats to a standard 2.45 GHz radio frequency source with an averaged whole-body specific absorption rate of 0.01 W kg−1 24 h−1 daily for 40 consecutive days. The rats were randomly divided into control and Wi-Fi–exposed groups. Liver samples were evaluated for oxidative stress parameters, transaminase levels, molecular structure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, histopathology, and ultrastructure. Exposure led to severe oxidative stress, deleterious effects on liver function, altered molecular structure, and severe histological and ultrastructural alterations indicating hepatotoxic effects.
Estimated whole-brain and lobe-specific radiofrequency electromagnetic fields doses and brain volumes in preadolescents Alba Cabré-Riera et al. · 2020
The study analyzed 2,592 preadolescents aged 9 to 12 years from the Generation R Study in Rotterdam, Netherlands. An integrated exposure model estimated whole-brain and lobe-specific radiofrequency electromagnetic field doses from sources such as phone calls, tablet use, laptop use, and far-field sources. The estimated overall whole-brain dose was 84.3 millijoules per kilogram per day, with the highest lobe-specific dose in the temporal lobe at 307.1 millijoules per kilogram per day. Overall doses from all sources, phone calls, and far-field sources were not associated with global, cortical, or subcortical brain volumes. However, higher whole-brain dose from mobile phone internet use, texting, tablet use, and wireless laptop use was associated with a smaller caudate volume.
Haghani M et al. · 2020
During all days of pregnancy, rats in the EMF-exposed group were exposed to 900 MHz pulsed-EMF radiation for 6 h per day. The exposure group demonstrated reduced spontaneous firing associated with upward and rightward shift in I/V curve compared to the control rats, and the peak amplitude of the current for the exposure pups also revealed a significant decrement. The reversal potential was +40 mV and +20 mV for the control and RF-EMF groups, respectively and showed significant differences between the two groups.
Unknown authors · 2020
Rats were exposed to RF-EMF for four weeks at 0, 1.5, or 6 W/kg, or kept as cage controls. Once a week they received NMDA or saline injections before a two-temperature choice test between 50°C and 28°C. In control and sham rats, NMDA reduced latency to escape heat by 45% compared to saline. Heat avoidance increased by 40% in the 6 W/kg group compared to sham. The RF-EMF effect on heat avoidance was abolished after NMDA treatment.
Eggert T, Dorn H, Sauter C, Schmid G, Danker-Hopfe H · 2020
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2,592 preadolescents aged 9 to 12 years from the Generation R Study in Rotterdam. An integrated model estimated whole-brain and lobe-specific RF-EMF doses from sources such as mobile and DECT phone calls, other mobile phone uses, tablet use, laptop use, and far-field sources. Overall whole-brain and lobe-specific RF-EMF doses from all sources together, from mobile and DECT phone calls, and from far-field sources were not associated with global, cortical, or subcortical brain volumes. A higher whole-brain dose from mobile phone use for internet browsing, e-mailing, and text messaging, tablet use, and laptop use while wirelessly connected to the internet was associated with a smaller caudate volume.
