Arendash GW et al. · 2010
Researchers studied the effects of long-term EMF exposure at 918 MHz and 0.25 w/kg on both normal mice and transgenic mice bred to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. Both cognitive-protective and cognitive-enhancing effects of EMF exposure were discovered for both normal mice and transgenic mice destined to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. In Alzheimer's disease mice, long-term EMF exposure reduced brain amyloid-beta deposition through anti-aggregation actions and increased brain temperature during exposure periods. The researchers concluded that EMF exposure may represent a non-invasive, non-pharmacologic therapeutic against Alzheimer's disease, while cautioning against directly extrapolating these mouse findings to humans.
Ammari M et al. · 2010
This study measured glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in 48 rat brains to evaluate reactive astrocytosis after sub-chronic head-only exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field signal. Rats were exposed either for 45 minutes per day at a SAR of 1.5 W/kg or for 15 minutes per day at a SAR of 6 W/kg, five days per week over an eight-week period. Compared to sham-treated rats, exposed rats showed an increase in GFAP levels in different brain areas, measured three and ten days after treatment.
Xu S et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed primary cultured cortical neurons to pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 1800 MHz modulated by 217 Hz at an average specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg. At 24 hours after exposure, researchers found a significant increase in levels of 8-hydroxyguanine, a common biomarker of DNA oxidative damage, in the mitochondria of neurons. The copy number of mitochondrial DNA and the levels of mitochondrial RNA transcripts showed an obvious reduction after RF exposure. Each of these mitochondrial DNA disturbances could be reversed by pretreatment with melatonin.
Kumar S, Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2010
Wistar rats were exposed to microwaves for 2 hours a day for 45 days at either 10 GHz or 50 GHz, and blood cells and serum were then analyzed. The exposed rats showed micronuclei formation and a significant increase in ROS production, along with significant changes in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels. The researchers concluded that microwave exposure may be effective at the genetic level and suggested this may indicate tumor promotion through overproduction of reactive oxygen species.
Kesari KK, Behari J, Kumar S. · 2010
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation for 2 hours a day for 35 days at a power density of 0.34 mW/cm2. The whole brain tissue was dissected and used for study of double strand DNA breaks by micro gel electrophoresis and comet assay. Exposed brain cells showed a significant increase in comet head, tail length, and tail movement. The study concluded that chronic exposure to these radiations may cause significant damage to brain, which may be an indication of possible tumour promotion.
Guler G, Tomruk A, Ozgur E, Seyhan N. · 2010
Researchers investigated oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation levels in the brain tissue of pregnant and non-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits and their newborns exposed to radiofrequency radiation. The rabbits were exposed to radiofrequency radiation at 1800 MHz GSM at 14 V/m for 15 minutes per day over 7 days. MDA and 8-OHdG levels in exposed pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits were significantly increased compared to controls, but no difference was found in the newborns.
Campisi A et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed primary rat neocortical astroglial cell cultures to electromagnetic fields in the microwave range, either as continuous waves or amplitude-modulated at 50 Hz, for 5, 10, or 20 minutes. A significant increase in ROS levels and DNA fragmentation was found only after exposure of the astrocytes to modulated EMF for 20 min. Cell viability was not affected, and the irradiation conditions allowed the exclusion of any possible thermal effect.
Barry J. Maron et al. · 2009
Researchers identified 1866 sudden deaths in competitive athletes aged 19+6 years across 38 sports in the United States from 1980 to 2006. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 56% of deaths, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at 36% and congenital coronary artery anomalies at 17%.
• Smartphones may be the cause of the increase in self-reported short sleep duration et al. · 2009
Researchers drew from yearly, nationally representative surveys of adolescents conducted since 1991 and 2007, comprising a total of 369,595 participants. Compared to 2009, adolescents in 2015 were 16%-17% more likely to report sleeping less than 7 hours a night, with increases appearing after 2011-2013. New media screen time increased over the period and was associated with higher odds of short sleep duration, with a clear exposure-response relationship for electronic devices after 2 or more hours of use per day. Other activities linked to short sleep, such as homework, paid work, and TV watching, were relatively stable or reduced, making them unlikely causes of the sudden increase in short sleep. Short sleep prevalence increased from 35% to 41% and from 37% to 43%.
Khurana et al · 2009
Unknown authors · 2009
Intact rats circled counterclockwise after 30 minutes in a 14.1 T magnet, but labyrinthectomized rats did not increase circling. Intact rats developed a strong conditioned taste aversion after three pairings of saccharin with 30-minute 14.1 T exposure, while labyrinthectomized rats did not. Significant c-Fos induction occurred in the brainstem of intact rats after 30-minute 14.1 T exposure, but not in labyrinthectomized rats.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers conducted a cytogenetic monitoring study on 55 workers from transformer and distribution line stations in Bursa, Turkey, and 17 controls. Chromosomal aberration and micronucleus frequencies were significantly higher in exposed workers than in controls. Chromosomal aberration frequency increased significantly with years of exposure. Smoking did not significantly affect chromosomal aberration or micronucleus levels in either group.
Unknown authors · 2009
Application of an EF following irradiation greatly increases cell death. The result for the number of nuclei with gamma-H2AX foci in MRC5 cells indicates that an EF interferes mostly in the DNA repair mechanisms.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed 10 male and 10 female healthy volunteers to a 200 microT, 60 Hz magnetic field for 4 hours, with five male and five female volunteers as sham controls. There was no evidence of increased DNA damage or increased micronuclei in the magnetic field exposed group. A 1.5 Gy gamma-irradiation positive control caused a significant increase in both DNA damage and micronuclei.
Unknown authors · 2009
Pregnant rats were exposed to 900 megahertz electromagnetic fields during gestation days 1-19. Offspring were sacrificed at the end of the 4th week and pyramidal cell numbers in the cornu ammonis were estimated using the optical fractionator technique. Exposure significantly reduced the total pyramidal cell number in the cornu ammonis (P < 0.001).
Unknown authors · 2009
The fourth course at the International School of Bioelectromagnetics addressed various aspects of the epidemiology of exposure to electromagnetic fields. The overview summarizes current knowledge on EMF exposure and disease risk, with emphasis on mobile phone use and brain tumours and power line exposure and childhood leukaemia. Sources of bias and error hamper straightforward conclusions in some areas, and improvements in study design and exposure assessment are necessary. The scientific evidence on possible long-term effects from ELF and RF fields is not strong enough to revise current protection limits based on known acute effects.
Shckorbatov YG et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed isolated human buccal epithelium cells to microwaves of frequency 35 GHz at a surface power density of 30 microW/cm(2). Chromatin state was examined by light and electron microscopy, and membrane integrity was assessed with vital indigo carmine staining. Microwave exposure induced chromatin condensation, and the extent of condensation depended on wave polarization. Linearly polarized waves also caused cell membrane damage, shown by increased vital dye staining.
Garaj-Vrhovac V, Gajski G, Trosić I, Pavicić I · 2009
The animals were irradiated for 1h a day for 2 weeks at a field power density of 2.4W/m(2) and a whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.6W/kg. Both the standard comet assay and the Fpg-modified comet assay detected increased DNA damage in blood leukocytes of the exposed rats. The significant increase in Fpg-detected DNA damage suggests oxidative stress is likely responsible, while DNA damage detected by the standard comet assay indicates other mechanisms may also be involved.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers performed an independent replication of a study that reported enhanced cryptochrome-dependent responses at 500 muT. They matched the original experimental conditions and measured hypocotyl lengths and anthocyanin accumulation in seedlings grown at 500 microT with simultaneous controls at 50 microT. Additional experiments tested hypocotyl lengths at 50 microT, 1 mT, and approximately 100 mT with zero-field controls, measured expression of CHS, HY5, and GST genes, and examined blue-light intensity effects and sucrose in the growth medium. No consistent, statistically significant magnetic field responses were detected in any experiment.
Unknown authors · 2009
The review examined research on ELF fields in cancer, immune and nerve cells, and positive effects on bone and nerve cells, wound healing, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The authors concluded that the myriad of effects ELF fields have on biological systems should not be ignored when evaluating risk and passing legislation to protect the public and workers. They also noted that the possibility of testing the efficacy of ELF fields in therapeutic protocols should not be overlooked.
Unknown authors · 2009
Extremely low frequency magnetic fields in cell culture incubators have been measured. Values of the order of tens of μT were found, in sharp contrast to normal environmental levels of 0.05–0.1 μT. Numerous biological effects have been reported at these field levels, such as changes in gene expression, blocked cell differentiation, inhibition of the effect of tamoxifen, and effects on chick embryo development.
Unknown authors · 2009
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers investigated whether ELF-MF exposure could increase DnaK and GroEL protein levels in E. coli cells that lack a classic heat shock response. The cells showed enhanced DnaK and GroEL protein levels after 30 or 90 minutes of sinusoidal 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-MF exposure. The result suggests the HSP induction pathway from ELF-MF exposure may differ from the heat shock pathway.
Unknown authors · 2009
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers analyzed the effects of a 50 Hz extra-low frequency electromagnetic field on in vitro rabbit spermatozoa motility and fertilization rates after insemination. Pooled semen samples and a control were exposed to the 50 Hz ELF EMF. Spermatozoa motility in test groups G1 and G2 differed significantly from the control group (75.56%) with P < 0.01. Curvilinear velocity (VCL) differed significantly between test group G3 (122.38 µm/s) and the control group (112.02 µm/s) (P < 0.01). Hormonally stimulated adult females (n = 140) were inseminated with exposed semen samples, and the kindling rate for group G2 was 54.28%.
