Hu S et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to high-power microwave at 30 mW cm−2 for 15 minutes, then administered the dietary supplement KFL orally once daily for 14 days. KFL reversed high-power microwave-induced memory loss and histopathological changes in the hippocampus of rats. KFL also displayed a protective effect against high-power microwave-induced oxidative stress and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway and its target genes in the hippocampus.
Ghazizadeh V, Nazıroğlu M · 2014
Chen C et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) to 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at SAR values of 1, 2, and 4 W/kg for 1, 2, and 3 days. RF-EMF exposure did not influence eNSC apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle, or the ratio of differentiated neurons and astrocytes. However, neurite outgrowth of eNSC-derived neurons was inhibited after 4 W/kg RF-EMF exposure for 3 days. The mRNA and protein expression of proneural genes Ngn1 and NeuroD were decreased after RF-EMF exposure, while expression of their inhibitor Hes1 was upregulated.
Cetin H et al. · 2014
Researchers divided thirty-two rats and their offspring into three groups: a control group, a 900 MHz group, and an 1800 MHz group, with the two exposed groups receiving electromagnetic radiation for 60 minutes per day during pregnancy and neonatal development. Brain and liver glutathione peroxidase activities, as well as liver vitamin A and beta-carotene concentrations, decreased in the exposed groups. Brain iron, vitamin A, and beta-carotene concentrations increased in the exposed groups, and by the sixth week, selenium concentrations in the brain decreased in the exposed groups. There were no statistically significant differences in glutathione, vitamin E, chromium, copper, magnesium, manganese, and zinc concentrations between the three groups.
Cammaerts M-C, Vandenbosch GAE, Volski V · 2014
Researchers exposed two nests of the ant Myrmica sabuleti to GSM radiation at 1.5 V/m, the legally allowed level in Brussels, for 10 minutes before observing their behavior. After exposure, the ants' locomotion slightly changed, their orientation toward their alarm pheromone became of lower quality, and their trail following behavior was less efficient.
Akbari A, Jelodar G, Nazifi S · 2014
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to radiofrequency waves generated by a base transceiver station antenna model and measured oxidative stress markers in the cerebellum and encephalon. Antioxidant enzymes measured included glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, along with malondialdehyde (MDA). Exposure to radiofrequency waves decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and increased MDA compared with the control groups. Vitamin C supplementation improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced MDA in the group that also received radiofrequency wave exposure.
Unknown authors · 2013
Fifteen Alzheimer's patients were randomly assigned to receive 1-hour daily rTMS combined with cognitive training or sham treatment five sessions per week for six weeks followed by biweekly sessions for three months. The primary outcome was improvement in cognitive score. After six weeks the treatment group improved 3.76 points on ADAS-cog versus 0.47 in placebo (P=0.04), and after 4.5 months improved 3.52 points versus a worsening of 0.38 (P=0.05). Clinical Global Impression of Change scores improved in the treatment group compared to mild worsening in placebo at both time points (P=0.05 each). Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores improved non-significantly.
Unknown authors · 2013
Researchers exposed rats to 128 mT static magnetic field and administered iron supplementation at 3 mg/kg for 5 days, then tested spatial learning in a water maze and motor abilities on rotarod, stationary beam, and suspended string tests. Water maze acquisition was unaffected in all groups. SMF-exposed and iron-treated rats showed a deficit in the 7-day retention test. No deficit was found in rotarod and suspended string tests in any group. Only iron-treated rats were impaired in the stationary beam test, and combined exposure did not worsen performance further.
Yang L, Hao D, Wu S, Zhong R, Zeng Y. · 2013
The study numerically evaluated specific absorption rate and temperature rise in SD rat heads exposed to 900 MHz EMF. The digital anatomical model of a SD rat was reconstructed from MRI images and the finite difference time domain method was applied to assess SAR and temperature rise. Whole-body average SAR and localized SAR averaged over 1, 0.5 and 0.05 g mass for different organs and tissues were reported.
Redmayne M · 2013
The cross-sectional study recruited 373 Year 7 and 8 students with a mean age of 12.3 years from the Wellington region of New Zealand. Participants completed a questionnaire and measured their normal body-to-phone texting distances. Both cellphones and cordless phones were used by approximately 90% of students. A third of participants had already used a cordless phone for ≥ 7 years. High cellphone use was related to cellphone location at night, being woken regularly, and being tired at school.
Ketabi N, Mobasheri H, Faraji-Dana R. · 2013
Researchers investigated the effects of ultra high frequency nonionizing electromagnetic fields on the channel activities of the nanopore forming protein OmpF porin. Using the voltage clamp technique on an artificial bilayer, they exposed the pore to electromagnetic fields at 910 to 990 MHz and found that the frequency of channel gating and voltage sensitivity increased, while conductance remained unchanged. No changes in membrane capacitance or permeability were identified, and the energy transferred to nano-environments was estimated to address possible thermal effects.
Gómez-Perretta C, Navarro EA, Segura J, Portolés M. · 2013
Researchers re-analyzed data from a 2003 study on health symptoms related to microwave exposure from mobile phone base stations. They used binary logistic regression with bootstrapping to model symptoms as a function of exposure. The symptoms most related to exposure were lack of appetite, lack of concentration, irritability, and trouble sleeping. Concerns about base stations were strongly related to trouble sleeping. The exposure variable remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis.
Zhang C, Li Y, Wang C, Lv R, Song T · 2013
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to ELF-MF at 100 µT and 50 Hz with or without oral aluminum for 12 weeks. Oral aluminum treatment caused learning and memory impairment, neuronal cell loss, and high amyloid-β density in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. ELF-MF alone showed no significant effect on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Combined ELF-MF and aluminum exposure did not cause more damage than aluminum alone.
Gavoçi E et al. · 2013
Researchers studied the effect of static and alternating extremely low frequency magnetic fields tuned to resonance conditions for potassium on TEA-sensitive voltage-dependent outward potassium currents in the human neuroblastoma BE(2)C cell line. Currents were measured using whole-cell patch clamp before, during, and after exposure. No significant changes in potassium current density were found. The study did not confirm the IPR hypothesis for these currents under the experimental conditions.
Azanza MJ et al. · 2013
Trunk A et al. · 2013
Researchers conducted two double-blind experiments to test effects of a 30-minute 3G UMTS mobile phone-like EMF exposure on human brain electrical activity. In the first experiment with 17 participants, spontaneous EEG spectral power was analyzed in delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands before and after exposure while subjects watched a silent documentary. In the second experiment with 26 participants, auditory event-related potentials and mismatch negativity were measured using a passive oddball paradigm with standard and deviant tones. No measurable effects were found on EEG spectral power in any frequency band. No significant effects were found on the amplitude and latency of ERP components including P50, N100, P200, MMN, and P3a.
Nakatani-Enomoto S et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed 19 volunteers to real or sham electromagnetic fields for 3 h before sleep on three consecutive days in a double-blind design. No significant differences were found in subjective feelings, sleep stage percentages, or EEG power spectra between real and sham exposures. The researchers concluded that the exposure had no detectable effects on human sleep.
Loughran SP et al. · 2013
Researchers used a double-blind, randomized, crossover design with 22 adolescents aged 11–13 years. Participants underwent three sessions with mobile phone-like RF EMF signals at two intensities and a sham session. No clear significant effects of RF EMF exposure were found on waking EEG or cognitive performance.
Kim HS et al. · 2013
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into cage-control, sham-exposed, and RFID-exposed groups and exposed to 915 MHz RFID for 8 h daily, 5 days per week, for 2 or 16 weeks. The whole-body average specific absorption rate was 4 W/kg. FDG-PET images were obtained the day after RFID exposure using micro-PET with a FDG tracer, and the relative cerebral glucose metabolic rate was unchanged in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortexes of exposed rats compared with cage-control and sham-exposed groups.
Guxens M et al. · 2013
Researchers assessed the association between maternal cell phone and cordless phone use during pregnancy and teacher-reported and maternal-reported child behaviour problems at age 5. A total of 2618 children were included in the study. Prenatal cell phone use showed an increased but non-significant association with teacher-reported overall behaviour problems, without a dose-response relationship. Cordless phone use showed odds ratios below 1 or close to unity for teacher-reported overall behaviour problems. Associations with maternal-reported overall behaviour problems and specific behaviour problem subscales were non-significant.
Aït-Aïssa S et al. · 2013
Researchers investigated bioeffects of WiFi signals on developing nervous systems of young rodents by assessing expression levels of 3-Nitrotyrosine, Hsp25, and Hsp70. Daily 2-hour exposures were performed blind in a reverberation chamber at whole-body specific absorption rates of 0, 0.08, 0.4, and 4 W/kg. No significant difference was observed among exposed and sham-exposed groups. The results suggest repeated WiFi exposure during gestation and early life has no deleterious effects on young rat brains.
Ahlers MT, Ammermüller J · 2013
Researchers studied possible non-thermal effects of RF-EMF on retinal ganglion cells in vitro under constant temperature. Mouse retinae were exposed to GSM-900, GSM-1800, and UMTS at SARs of 0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, and 20 W/kg with temperature controlled within ±0.5 to 1°C. Light responses were recorded before, during, and up to 35 minutes after exposure under double-blind conditions. Comparison of sham and actual exposure distance values showed no significant differences, and regression analysis found no consistent SAR dependence. The authors concluded no acute effects on retinal ganglion cell responses at SARs up to 20 W/kg.
Sudan M, Kheifets LI, Arah OA, Divan HA, Olsen J. · 2013
The study demonstrated complexities of performing a sibling analysis with a re-examination of associations between cell phone exposures and behavioral problems in the Danish National Birth Cohort. The association of behavioral problems with prenatal and postnatal exposure differed between siblings (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.69-1.66) and non-siblings (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.36-1.74). Within siblings, the association was strongest for first-born children (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 0.86-3.42) and negative for later-born children (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.31-1.25). The study included 52,680 children, including 5,441 siblings, followed up to age 7. Researchers estimated associations between cell phone exposures and behavioral problems while accounting for the random family effect among siblings.
Wang PW, Liu TL, Ko CH, Lin HC, Huang MF, Yeh YC, Yen CF. · 2013
The study examined the association between problematic CPU and suicidal ideation and attempts in 5051 adolescents. About 10.54% of adolescents had problematic CPU, with suicidal ideation rates of 23.50% versus 11.76% and attempt rates of 13.70% versus 5.45%. Family function, but not depression, had a moderating effect on the association between problematic CPU and suicidal ideation and attempt.
Lin WT, Chang CH, Cheng CY, Chen MC, Wen YR, Lin CT, Lin CW. · 2013
Researchers compared the effects of different pulse waveforms and PRF parameters using a miniature bipolar electrode on the dorsal root ganglion. The sinusoidal waveform group showed higher Von Frey scores than the square wave group. Pain relief was evaluated using the Von Frey method for pain threshold index based on behavioral response to mechanical stimuli.
