Christensen et al. · 2005
Researchers conducted a nationwide population-based case-control study in Denmark. Cellular telephone use was associated with lower risk for high-grade glioma (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.90). Risk estimates were near unity for low-grade glioma (OR 1.08) and meningioma (OR 1.00). The results did not support an association between cellular telephone use and risk for glioma or meningioma.
Christ A, Kuster N. · 2005
The study investigates differences in RF energy absorption in the heads of adults and children. It discusses absorption mechanisms, tissue parameters, the effect of the pinna, and uncertainties in head models based on spheroids, scaled adult heads, and MRI data of children. The review concludes that energy exposure does not increase due to smaller heads, but identifies open issues regarding dielectric tissue parameters and pinna thickness.
Besset A, Espa F, Dauvilliers Y, Billiard M, de Seze R. · 2005
The study investigated the effects of daily exposure to GSM 900 type MP on cognitive function. Fifty-five subjects were divided into two groups matched for age, gender, and IQ. The double-blind study lasted 45 days with baseline, exposure, and recovery periods.
Maby E, Jeannes RL, Faucon G, Liegeois-Chauvel C, De Seze R. · 2005
Researchers investigated correlation coefficients between auditory evoked potentials and their spectra to detect a possible difference due to RFs. A difference in correlation coefficients between control and experimental sessions was observed, but the effect of RFs on human health could not be deduced.
Lahkola A, Salminen T, Auvinen A. · 2005
Researchers evaluated selection bias in a Finnish case-control study of mobile phone use and brain tumors by comparing full and incomplete participants. Among controls, 83% of full participants and 73% of incomplete participants regularly used a mobile phone, while among cases the figures were 76% and 64%. The odds ratio for brain tumor based on the combined group was slightly closer to unity than that based only on full participants. Selection bias tends to distort effect estimates below unity, while analyses based on more comprehensive material gave results close to unity.
Keshvari J, Lang S. · 2005
Researchers used the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computational method to calculate specific absorption rate (SAR) in anatomically correct adult and child head models exposed to a half-wave dipole at 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz. The ear and eye regions were studied because they represent realistic exposure scenarios for mobile wireless communication devices.
Kerekhanjanarong V et al. · 2005
The study aimed to investigate the effect of mobile phone use on the audiologic system in 98 subjects. Hearing was evaluated using audiometry, tympanometry, otoacoustic emission, and auditory brain stem evoked response. Comparison of audiograms between dominant and non-dominant ears showed no significant difference overall. In eight subjects who used mobile phones more than 60 minutes per day, the dominant ear had worse hearing thresholds than the non-dominant ear.
Ilvonen S, Sihvonen AP, Karkkainen K, Sarvas J. · 2005
Researchers assessed extremely low frequency (ELF) fields induced in the human head by the battery currents of a mobile phone. They measured the magnetic field induced by the phone and used it to calculate resulting currents in the human head and brain. Both finite element method (FEM) and finite integration technique (FIT) were used for numerical computations. Computed current density values were compared with ICNIRP guidelines and found to be well within the limits.
Hunton J, Rose JM. · 2005
The study used an experiment where drivers with and without communication training completed a simulated driving course under three conversation conditions. Cellular telephone conversations consumed more attention and interfered more with driving than passenger conversations. Cell phone conversations lack nonverbal cues available in close-contact conversations, leading participants to expend significant cognitive resources to compensate. Communication training may reduce the hazardous effects of cell phone conversations on driving performance.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2005
Researchers conducted a case-control study of benign brain tumors with 413 cases and 692 controls. For meningioma, analogue phone use yielded an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% CI 0.97-3.0), which increased to 2.1 (95% CI 1.1-4.3) with a latency period greater than 10 years. For acoustic neuroma, analogue phone use gave an odds ratio of 4.2 (95% CI 1.8-10) that rose to 8.4 (95% CI 1.6-45) with a latency period greater than 15 years, though based on low numbers. Digital phone use was associated with an odds ratio of 2.0 (95% CI 1.05-3.8) for acoustic neuroma, while cordless phone use did not show a significant increase. In multivariate analysis, analogue phones were a significant risk factor for acoustic neuroma.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2005
Researchers investigated the association between cellular or cordless telephone use and brain tumour risk in urban and rural areas of Sweden. The study included 1429 cases and 1470 controls aged 20 to 80 years diagnosed between 1997 and 2000. Use of different phone types was assessed by questionnaire with one control matched for sex and age per case. Rural residence with digital phone use showed an odds ratio of 1.4 increasing to 3.2 with longer latency, while urban residence showed odds ratios of 0.9. The effect was most obvious for malignant brain tumours.
Curcio G et al. · 2005
Researchers recorded resting EEG from 20 healthy subjects to study the effect of mobile phone EMF on waking brain activity. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups and exposed double-blind to a 902.40 MHz signal modulated at 217 Hz with 0.25 W average power before or during EEG recording. Real exposure influenced alpha band spectral power in some bins compared to baseline and sham, with a greater effect when the EMF was on during recording. The authors concluded that pulsed high-frequency EMF can affect normal brain functioning, but no health effect conclusions were drawn.
Bit-Babik et al. · 2005
The study used FDTD computations to calculate locally averaged SAR in anatomically correct adult and child head models with the IEEE standard averaging algorithm. Peak local average SAR over 1 g and 10 g of tissue and electromagnetic energy penetration depths were about the same across all head models under the same exposure conditions. Child head models were created by linear scaling of the adult model and by transforming adult models based on children's external head shapes, with tissue properties kept the same. Modeling and experimental measurements also used three spheres filled with tissue-equivalent mixture to approximate heads of increasing size.
Barcal J, Cendelín J, Vozeh F, Zalud V. · 2005
Researchers performed direct registration of brain cortical and hippocampal activity during high-frequency electromagnetic field exposure. Experiments used urethane anaesthesia in Lurcher mutant mice with wild type littermates as controls. Animals were exposed to HF EMF with frequency corresponding to cellular phones. ECoG evaluation showed a distinct shift to lower frequency components in healthy mice but only gentle differences in Lurcher mutant mice. Hippocampal rhythmicity showed gentle changes with increase of higher frequencies and changes in theta oscillations in both animal types.
Balikci K, Cem Ozcan I, Turgut-Balik D, Balik HH. · 2005
Seaman RL, Phelix CF. · 2005
3-NP significantly increased ER intracisternal width, ER area density, and nuclear envelope thickness. Microwave exposure at 6 W/kg alone also significantly increased these measures. Exposure of 3-NP-treated animals at 0.6 W/kg reduced the effects of 3-NP.
Huber R et al. · 2005
Researchers investigated the effects of radio frequency electromagnetic fields similar to those emitted by mobile phones on waking regional cerebral blood flow in 12 healthy young men. Positron emission tomography scans were taken after 30 min unilateral head exposure to pulse-modulated 900 MHz RF EMF, and a sham control condition was also included. Only the 'handset-like' signal, which had stronger low-frequency components, increased relative cerebral blood flow in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the side of exposure; the 'base-station-like' signal did not.
Finnie JW. · 2005
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields using a purpose-designed exposure system, giving each animal a single, far-field, whole body exposure at a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg. The study measured activation of the immediate early gene c-fos in mouse brain tissue after this acute exposure. Activation of c-fos in exposed and sham-exposed brains was comparable, but was greatly increased compared with freely moving controls. The results suggest that the majority of the acute genomic response detected by c-fos expression was due to immobilisation.
Cosquer B, Vasconcelos AP, Frohlich J, Cassel JC. · 2005
Bachmann M, Kalda J, Lass J, Tuulik V, Säkki M, Hinrikus H. · 2005
Researchers exposed 23 healthy volunteers to a 450 MHz microwave field with 7 Hz frequency on-off modulation, with a field power density of 0.16 mW cm(-2) at the scalp. The study compared traditional spectral analysis and a new non-linear method called analysis of the length distribution of low-variability periods to detect EEG changes from microwave exposure. The non-linear method detected a significant effect in six exposed subjects, while spectral analysis found a significant result for only one subject.
Lai H, Singh NP · 2005
Researchers studied four groups of rats: one exposed to 2450-MHz microwaves at 1 mW/cm2, one to magnetic field noise at 45 mG, one to both simultaneously, and a sham-exposed group. Brain cells of microwave-exposed rats had significantly higher levels of DNA single- and double-strand breaks compared with sham-exposed animals. Noise exposure alone did not significantly affect DNA strand break levels, but simultaneous noise exposure blocked the microwave-induced increases.
Ono T et al. · 2004
A possible mutagenic effect of 2.45 GHz radiofrequency exposure was examined using lacZ-transgenic MutaTM mice. Offspring were exposed in utero for 16 hours a day from embryonic day 0 to 15 and examined at 10 weeks of age. Mutation frequencies at the lacZ gene in spleen, liver, brain, and testis were similar to those in non-exposed mice. Sequencing of mutant DNAs showed no appreciable difference in mutation quality between exposed and non-exposed samples.
Krause CM et al. · 2004
Researchers conducted a double-blind study in which subjects performed a memory task with and without exposure to a digital 902 MHz field. All eight significant EEG changes from the earlier study were not significant in this replication. The effect of EMF on incorrect answers was inconsistent, with a significant increase in errors observed in this study but not in the earlier one.
Hinrichs H, Heinze HJ. · 2004
Researchers investigated potential effects of GSM 1800 electromagnetic fields on verbal memory encoding by recording event-related magnetic fields from the brain during subsequent memory retrieval. Twelve normal subjects each completed two experimental sessions, one with EMF exposure during the study phase and one without. Exposure to EMF changed an early (350-400 ms) task-specific component of the event-related magnetic field, indicating interference with item encoding. Behavioral measures were not significantly affected.
Lagroye I et al. · 2004
The study aimed to investigate the effect of 2450 MHz pulsed-wave microwaves on DNA damage in rat brain cells and whether proteinase K is needed to detect such damage. Rats exposed to γ-rays showed significant DNA damage using both comet assay versions independent of proteinase K. Neither assay version detected any difference in comet length or normalized comet moment between sham-exposed and microwave-exposed rats regardless of proteinase K inclusion. No DNA damage was detected in brain cells after exposure to 2450 MHz pulsed-wave microwaves at 1.2 W kg−1 regardless of proteinase K inclusion. The results support the conclusion that low-level 2450 MHz pulsed-wave microwave exposures do not induce DNA damage detectable by the alkaline comet assay.
