Halgamuge MN. · 2017
Researchers analyzed 45 studies examining how radiofrequency radiation from mobile phones affects plants, looking at 169 experiments across 29 plant species. They found that nearly 90% of studies showed biological effects in plants exposed to cell phone frequencies, with certain crops like corn, tomatoes, and peas appearing especially sensitive. This suggests that the wireless radiation we consider safe may be causing measurable biological changes in living organisms.
Gökçek-Saraç Ç et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz and 2100 MHz frequencies for either 1 week or 10 weeks, then examined changes in brain enzymes involved in memory and learning. They found that longer exposure (10 weeks) caused more significant changes than shorter exposure (1 week), and that 2100 MHz radiation (used by 3G networks) had stronger effects than 900 MHz radiation (used by 2G networks). This suggests that both the duration of exposure and the specific frequency matter when it comes to how wireless radiation affects the brain.
Eghlidospour M, Ghanbari A, Mortazavi SMJ, Azari H. · 2017
Iranian researchers exposed neural stem cells (brain cells that can develop into neurons) to radiation from a GSM 900-MHz mobile phone for different time periods. They found that longer exposures significantly reduced the cells' ability to multiply and form new neurons, though the cells didn't die. This suggests that cell phone radiation may interfere with the brain's natural ability to generate new brain cells, a process crucial for learning, memory, and brain repair.
D'Silva MH, Swer RT, Anbalagan J, Rajesh B. · 2017
Researchers exposed developing chick embryos to radiation from 2G and 3G cell phones throughout their development and examined the effects on liver tissue. They found significant structural damage to liver cells, including bleeding, cellular swelling, and DNA breaks, with 3G radiation causing more severe damage than 2G. This suggests that developing tissues may be particularly vulnerable to cell phone radiation during critical growth periods.
de Oliveira FM, Carmona AM2 Ladeira C. · 2017
Researchers examined cheek cells from 86 mobile phone users to see if phone radiation causes micronuclei (tiny fragments that indicate DNA damage). They found no difference in DNA damage between the side of the mouth where people held their phones versus the opposite side, and no relationship between daily phone use duration and genetic damage.
Crabtree DPE, Herrera BJ, Kang S. · 2017
Researchers at Baylor University exposed bacteria from human skin to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (the type emitted by cell phones) and found that these exposures altered bacterial growth patterns. The study tested both laboratory bacteria and skin bacteria samples from people with different cell phone usage histories, finding variable but consistent disruption across different bacterial species. This suggests that cell phone radiation may be disrupting the beneficial bacteria that naturally live on our skin, potentially affecting human health through this disrupted relationship.
Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2017
Researchers used a rigorous scientific framework to evaluate whether mobile and cordless phone use causes brain tumors called gliomas. They found that people with the highest phone use had a 90% increased risk of developing gliomas, with risk doubling for those using wireless phones for 20+ years. The study concluded that radiofrequency radiation from phones should be classified as a human carcinogen.
Zothansiama, Zosangzuali M, Lalramdinpuii M, Jagetia GC. · 2017
Researchers studied 40 people living within 80 meters of cell phone towers and compared them to controls living 300 meters away. They found that those closer to towers had significantly more DNA damage in their blood cells and reduced levels of protective antioxidants like glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. This suggests that chronic exposure to radiofrequency radiation from cell towers may compromise the body's natural defenses against cellular damage.
Pandey N, Giri S, Das S, Upadhaya P. · 2017
Researchers exposed male mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 4-8 hours daily over 35 days and found significant damage to sperm-producing cells in the testes. The radiation disrupted the normal development of sperm cells, caused DNA damage, and reduced sperm counts by interfering with cellular energy production. While the effects were reversible after stopping exposure, the study demonstrates how RF radiation can impair male fertility at the cellular level.
Oyewopo AO, Olaniyi SK, Oyewopo CI, Jimoh AT. · 2017
Researchers exposed male rats to cell phone radiation for 1-3 hours daily over 28 days and found significant damage to reproductive function. The radiation caused cellular degeneration in testicles, increased harmful oxidative stress, and decreased key reproductive hormones including testosterone. This suggests that regular cell phone exposure may impair male fertility through biological mechanisms that worsen with longer exposure times.
Othman H et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to WiFi signals (2.45GHz) for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy and tracked their offspring's brain development. The study found that prenatal WiFi exposure delayed early neurodevelopment in the first 17 days after birth and caused oxidative stress (cellular damage from harmful molecules) in the brain at 28 days old. This suggests that WiFi exposure during pregnancy may affect early brain development in offspring.
Mortazavi SMJ et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed 50 rats to 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to microwave ovens) at different power levels for 4 hours daily over one week, then tested whether this 'primed' their livers to better handle radiation damage. They found that low-power RF exposure increased protective antioxidant enzymes in the liver, creating an 'adaptive response' that helped protect against subsequent high-dose gamma radiation damage.
Kuzay D, Ozer C, Sirav B, Canseven AG, Seyhan N. · 2017
Researchers exposed healthy and diabetic rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and radiofrequency radiation for 20 minutes daily over one month, then measured oxidative stress markers in testicular tissue. Both types of electromagnetic exposure increased harmful oxidative stress while reducing protective antioxidant levels, with diabetic rats showing more severe effects. The combination of both exposures produced the most pronounced damage to reproductive tissue.
Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim N, Kwon JH, Park MJ. · 2017
Researchers exposed mouse brain cells to radiofrequency radiation while also treating them with glutamate, a chemical that causes oxidative stress similar to what happens in Alzheimer's disease. They found that RF exposure alone didn't harm the cells much, but when combined with glutamate, it significantly increased cell death and toxic free radical production. This suggests RF radiation may worsen brain damage in conditions where the brain is already under stress.
Kuzay D, Ozer C, Sirav B, Canseven AG, Seyhan N · 2017
Scientists exposed healthy and diabetic rats to electromagnetic fields for 20 minutes daily over one month. Both EMF types increased harmful oxidative stress and reduced protective antioxidants in testicular tissue, with diabetic rats showing worse damage, suggesting EMF may harm reproductive health.
Bodera P et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz) to study brain effects. They found no changes in healthy rats, but radiation combined with existing inflammation affected brain receptors involved in learning and memory, suggesting inflamed brains may be more vulnerable.
Gökçek-Saraç Ç et al. · 2017
Turkish researchers exposed rats to cell phone frequencies (900 MHz and 2100 MHz) for either one week or ten weeks and measured changes in brain enzymes involved in memory and learning. They found that longer exposure caused greater disruption to these critical brain pathways, and that the higher frequency (2100 MHz, used in 3G networks) caused more damage than the lower frequency (900 MHz, used in 2G networks).
Zhang KY et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed mouse sperm-producing cells to cell phone radiation (1950 MHz) at 3 W/kg for 24 hours, both alone and combined with X-ray radiation. While the RF radiation alone caused no harm, when combined with X-rays it significantly increased cell death and reduced cell growth compared to X-rays alone. This suggests that cell phone radiation may make cells more vulnerable to other forms of radiation damage.
Wang K et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed mice to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone signals) for 30 minutes and found it actually improved their memory performance on recognition tasks. The radiation changed brain cell structure and electrical activity in memory-related brain regions. However, the exposure level used was much higher than what people typically experience from everyday devices.
Vlasova II et al. · 2017
Russian scientists exposed blood samples to high-frequency radiation (32.9-39.6 GHz) for 15 minutes and found neutrophils (infection-fighting white blood cells) responded more aggressively to bacterial threats. The enhanced immune response was caused by heating effects, showing electromagnetic radiation can amplify immune system activity.
Sun Y, Zong L, Gao Z, Zhu S, Tong J, Cao Y · 2017
Researchers exposed human blood cells to 900MHz radiofrequency radiation (the same frequency used in many cell phones) for 4 hours daily over 5 days. The radiation caused significant damage to mitochondrial DNA (the genetic material in cellular powerhouses) and increased harmful free radicals, while reducing the cells' ability to produce energy. Importantly, treating the cells with melatonin, a natural antioxidant, prevented this damage.
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. · 2017
French researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (GSM and UMTS signals) for 4 weeks and found that high exposure levels caused the blood-brain barrier to leak 50 days after exposure ended. The blood-brain barrier normally protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood, but this protective shield became compromised at radiation levels equivalent to what humans might experience with very high cell phone use.
Marjanovic Cermak AM, Pavicic I, Trosic I · 2017
Croatian researchers exposed human brain cells to cell phone radiation for 10-60 minutes and found significant cellular damage. Even brief exposures increased harmful molecules that damage cells, with one hour causing damage to fats and proteins. This shows brain cells are vulnerable to short-term radiation exposure.
Manta AK et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed fruit flies to mobile phone radiation for just 30 minutes and found it triggered a cascade of harmful cellular changes in their ovaries. The exposure increased damaging molecules called reactive oxygen species by 60%, altered the activity of 168 genes, and doubled the rate of cell death within hours. This demonstrates that brief mobile phone exposure can disrupt fundamental biological processes at the cellular level.
Marjanovic Cermak AM et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed human cells to cell phone radiation (1800 MHz) for up to 60 minutes at typical phone power levels. The cells showed signs of oxidative stress, including increased harmful free radicals and elevated cellular defense responses, even without heating effects.
