Murbach M et al · 2012
The system provides the same exposure of the lateral cerebral cortex at two different RF frequencies (900 and 2140 MHz) but with different exposure levels at subcortical structures. The RF modulation and ELF signal are generated by a freely programmable arbitrary signal generator enabling simulation of worst-case exposure scenarios from wireless devices. The maximum achievable RF exposure exceeds 60 W/kg peak spatial specific absorption rate averaged over 10 g of tissue.
Trivino Pardo JC, Grimaldi S, Taranta M, Naldi I, Cinti C. · 2012
Researchers cultured acute T-lymphoblastoid leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) and exposed them to 900 MHz microwave EMF from a TEM cell at short and long exposure times. They evaluated the effect of high-frequency EMF on gene expression and identified functional pathways influenced by the exposure.
Tsybulin O, Sidorik E, Kyrylenko S, Henshel D, Yakymenko I. · 2012
Researchers exposed fresh fertilized Japanese quail eggs to GSM 900 MHz cell phone radiation at 0.2 μW/cm² for either 38 hours or 14 days. The 38-hour exposure significantly increased the number of differentiated somites, and the 14-day exposure significantly increased total embryo survival. Hatchlings from exposed eggs showed significantly higher levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in brain and liver tissue.
Hekmat A, Saboury AA, Moosavi-Movahedi AA. · 2012
Researchers exposed calf thymus DNA to mobile phone radiofrequency fields at 940 MHz, 15 V/m, and a SAR of 40 mW/kg, then examined the DNA immediately after exposure and again two hours after a 45-minute exposure using several laboratory instruments. UV-vis and circular dichroism experiments showed that the EMFs caused disturbance in the DNA structure. Exposed DNA samples were relatively thermally unstable compared to unexposed DNA, and showed more fluorescence emission, which the researchers suggested may have occurred due to expansion of the exposed DNA structure. The structure of the DNA immediately after exposure was not significantly different from the DNA sample two hours after the 45-minute exposure, suggesting the changes were irreversible.
Fattahi-Asl J et al. · 2012
Fifty human serum wells from 25 normal healthy donors were labeled with ruthenium for an immunoassay and placed into two batches. The first batch was exposed to 900 MHz radiation from a Nokia 1202 cell phone in speech mode for 30 minutes. Ferritin levels in the exposed batch averaged 84.94 ± 1.04 μg/L versus 87.25 ± 0.83 μg/L in the unexposed batch, a significant decrease (P = 0.029).
Kwon MS et al. · 2012
Researchers investigated effects of 902.4 MHz GSM radiation on cerebral blood flow using PET with 15O-water tracer. Fifteen young healthy men were exposed to radiation at three head locations and sham exposure while performing a visual task. Exposure caused slight ear canal temperature rise but did not affect brain hemodynamics or task performance. Results showed no evidence of acute effects on cerebral blood flow.
Kwon MS et al. · 2012
Finnish researchers used advanced brain imaging (PET scans) to measure blood flow in the brains of 15 men while they were exposed to cell phone radiation for 5 minutes from different positions around their heads. The study found no changes in brain blood flow despite the radiation causing a slight temperature increase in the ear canals, suggesting that short-term cell phone exposure doesn't immediately affect how blood circulates in the brain.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers exposed male Sprague-Dawley rats to RF-EMF for 45 minutes per day, five days per week, for up to eight weeks. Each signal had a whole-body average SAR of 2.0 W/kg. The combined exposure did not affect the measured immune parameters.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers exposed rats to combined CDMA (849 MHz) and WCDMA (1.95 GHz) cell phone signals at high power levels for 8 weeks, testing multiple immune system markers. The study found no detectable effects on immune function, including blood cell counts, immune cell populations, or inflammatory proteins.
Sun W, Shen X, Lu D, Fu Y, Lu D, Chiang H · 2012
Researchers investigated the effects of 1.8-GHz RFR at different intensities on EGF receptor clustering and phosphorylation in human amniotic (FL) cells. Receptor clustering was analyzed by immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy, and phosphorylation was measured by western blot. Exposure at SAR 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 W/kg significantly induced clustering and phosphorylation, while SAR 0.1 W/kg had no significant effect. The authors concluded that membrane receptors may be a primary target of RFR, with a dose-rate threshold between 0.1 and 0.5 W/kg and a sigmoid dependence on intensity.
Hintzsche H et al. · 2012
Nittby H et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed 29 land snails of the strain Helix pomatia to GSM electromagnetic fields at 1900 MHz at 48 mW/kg for 1 hour each, while 29 snails served as sham controls. Before and after exposure, snails were placed on a hot plate and the time until they retracted was measured by two blinded observers. GSM-exposed snails were less sensitive to thermal pain compared to sham controls, indicating a significant analgesia (Mann-Whitney p < 0.001).
Akar A et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at a SAR of 0.25 W/kg for 2 hours each day for 21 days and then measured corneal thickness using histological and stereological methods. Overall corneal thickness was 278.9 ± 54.5 μm in the control group and 272.4 ± 85.6 μm in the study group, with no statistically significant difference between groups. Anterior corneal epithelium thickness was 28.1 ± 4.9 μm in the control group and 31.7 ± 5.5 μm in the exposed group, a statistically significant difference. The researchers concluded that exposure to microwave radiation might cause alterations in the rat cornea.
Nittby H et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed land snails to cell phone radiation at 1900 MHz for one hour and tested their response to heat-induced pain. The exposed snails showed reduced sensitivity to thermal pain compared to unexposed controls, suggesting the radiofrequency radiation acted as a pain reliever. This finding indicates that non-thermal levels of cell phone radiation can alter nervous system responses in living organisms.
Joseph W, Goeminne F, Vermeeren G, Verloock L, Martens L. · 2012
Researchers assessed electromagnetic exposure from 14 types of air traffic control systems for both workers and the general public. In total, 50 sites were investigated at 1,073 locations in the frequency range of 255 kHz to 24 GHz. Two system types, Non-Directional Beacons (up to 881.6 V m) and DVOR (up to 92.3 V m), exhibited levels requiring recommended minimum distances so that ICNIRP reference levels are not exceeded. When multiple radiofrequency sources were present together, the air traffic control source was found to dominate total exposure in its neighborhood.
Lahham A, Hammash A. · 2012
Researchers measured radiofrequency power density at 65 locations across the West Bank. The average power density from FM radio was 0.148 μW cm(-2), from TV broadcasting 0.007 μW cm(-2), and from mobile phone base stations 0.089 μW cm(-2). The average total exposure from all sources was 0.37 μW cm(-2). The maximum total exposure at any location was 3.86 μW cm(-2), with an exposure quotient of 0.02, indicating compliance with international guidelines. FM radio contributed about 62% of total exposure, mobile phone base stations 35%, and TV broadcasting 3%.
Bodera P et al. · 2012
Polish researchers exposed rats to cell phone frequency radiation (1800 MHz) and found it interfered with tramadol, a common painkiller used for moderate to severe pain. The electromagnetic fields didn't change pain levels on their own, but they significantly reduced the effectiveness of the pain medication 30 minutes after injection. This suggests that EMF exposure from devices like cell phones might interfere with how our bodies process certain medications.
Elwood JM. · 2012
An extensive study investigated the health of embassy staff and their families, comparing Moscow embassy staff with staff in other Eastern European US embassies. The resulting large report has never been published in peer reviewed literature. The extensive study reports on mortality and morbidity, recorded on medical records and by regular examinations, and on self-reported symptoms. Exposure levels were low, but similar or greater than present-day exposures to radiofrequencies sources such as cell phone base stations. The conclusions were that no adverse health effects of the radiation were shown.
Yu D, Zhang R, Liu Q. · 2012
Ruan P, Yong J, Shen H, Zheng X · 2012
At ultra-low power densities of 15 μW/cm(2) and 31 μW/cm(2) with exposure up to 30 minutes, the cells showed no obvious real-time responses. At higher power densities of 1 mW/cm(2) and 5 mW/cm(2), the cells exhibited significant changes in shape, size, and hemoglobin absorption spectrum parameters.
Aldad TS, Gan G, Gao XB, Taylor HS · 2012
Researchers used a mouse model to examine whether in-utero radiofrequency exposure from cellular telephones affects adult behavior. Mice exposed in the womb were hyperactive and had impaired memory, as measured using the object recognition, light/dark box, and step-down assays. The exposed mice also had dose-responsive impaired glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto layer V pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex.
Bodera P et al. · 2012
Researchers studied how high-frequency electromagnetic fields affect pain perception and the pain-relieving activity of tramadol in rats. Exposures at 1500 MHz and modulated 1800 MHz were applied, and paw withdrawal latency to a thermal stimulus was measured before and after injections of either tramadol or a vehicle. EMF exposure alone produced no differences in pain perception compared with controls, but EMF at both frequencies transiently suppressed the analgesic effect of tramadol at 30 minutes after drug injection.
Bouji M, Lecomte A, Hode Y, de Seze R, Villégier AS · 2012
Researchers assessed the effects of a single GSM exposure at 900 MHz with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg on young adult (6-week-old) and middle-aged (12-month-old) rats. The study measured brain IL-1β and IL-6, plasmatic corticosterone levels, and emotional memory. Results showed an IL-1β increase in the olfactory bulb and enhanced contextual emotional memory in GSM-exposed middle-aged rats, while plasmatic corticosterone levels increased in GSM-exposed young adults. Acute GSM exposure did not induce astrocyte activation, in contrast to previously published work.
Calabrò E et al. · 2012
Li Y, Shi C, Lu G, Xu Q, Liu S. · 2012
Researchers exposed 8-week-old Wistar rats to near-field radiation at 0.52–1.08 W/kg for 2 hours per day for 1 month. Behavioral changes were examined using the Morris water maze, and the irradiated rats exhibited impaired performance compared with the sham-irradiated rats. The morphological changes included mitochondrial degenerations, fewer synapses, and shorter postsynaptic densities in the radiated rats.
