Giorgi G et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed human neural cells (BE(2)C) to an extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic field (50 Hz, 1 mT) for 24 and 48 hours, alone and combined with oxidative stress, to study DNA methylation changes. Exposure to the magnetic field alone or oxidative stress alone produced only weak changes in DNA methylation levels at different CpG sites. When the two exposures were combined, a significant decrease in DNA methylation levels was found at different CpG sites, and most of those changes were transient.
Naarala J et al. · 2017
Researchers studied how the direction of combined static and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields affected cell proliferation and superoxide radical production. Proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was stimulated by a nearly vertical 60 or 120 μT static magnetic field compared with cells that were shielded against magnetic fields. When the static field was combined with an extremely low frequency ELF field, proliferation was suppressed by a horizontal but not by a vertical ELF field.
Pooam M, Nakayama M, Nishigaki C, Miyata H · 2017
Researchers exposed RAW264 macrophage cells to a 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field at 0.1 mT or 0.5 mT and measured superoxide production, HSP70 expression, and mitochondrial membrane potential. The magnetic field enhanced production of superoxide and the expression of HSP70. The researchers suggested that the 50-Hz magnetic field diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, which led to increased superoxide production and HSP70 expression.
Solek P et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated the effects of pulsed and continuous electromagnetic fields on two mouse spermatogenic cell lines, GC-1 spg and GC-2 spd, in vitro. The researchers evaluated mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, proliferation rate, viability, cell cycle progression, oxidative stress balance, and regulatory proteins. The results strongly suggested that EMF induced oxidative and nitrosative stress-mediated DNA damage, resulting in p53/p21-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The researchers concluded that electromagnetic field impairs male fertility by inducing p53/p21-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Zeng Y, Shen Y, Hong L, Chen Y, Shi X, Zeng Q, Yu P · 2017
Researchers evaluated the biological effects of different patterns of extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure on primary cultured hippocampal neurons, looking at viability, apoptosis, genomic instability, and oxidative stress. Repeated exposure to a 50-Hz 2-mT field for 8 hours per day decreased cell viability and increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The researchers noted that none of the repeated exposure patterns had significant effects on DNA damage, apoptosis, or autophagy, suggesting no severe biological consequences in the cultured neurons.
Cichoń N et al. · 2017
Researchers studied 48 stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation, with half receiving additional exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (40 Hz) for 15 minutes daily. The EMF-exposed group showed increased levels of nitric oxide compounds in their blood and demonstrated better functional and mental recovery compared to the control group. This suggests that specific EMF frequencies might help enhance brain healing after stroke.
Zeng Y, Shen Y , Hong L, Chen Y, Shi X, Zeng Q, Yu P. · 2017
Researchers exposed brain cells important for memory to power-line frequency magnetic fields for eight hours daily. The exposure reduced cell health and increased cellular damage from free radicals, suggesting household electrical fields may stress brain cells without causing severe damage.
Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2017
Researchers randomly assigned 24 pregnant albino Wistar rats to four groups: control, WiFi-exposed, restrained, and both WiFi-exposed and restrained. Each WiFi exposure and restraint session lasted 2 hours per day throughout gestation until parturition. Prenatal WiFi exposure and restraint, separately and especially combined, adversely affected offspring physical development, neuromotor maturation, adult emotional responses, motor and exploratory behavior, brain oxidative stress, and serum biochemistry, with most impacts depending on offspring gender.
Bodera P et al. · 2017
Researchers evaluated the effect of repeated 1800 MHz RFR exposure (5 times for 15 min) on NMDA-NR1 expression in rat brains in a persistent inflammatory state. They also measured the effect of RFR combined with tramadol to determine its potential antioxidant capacity. No differences in NMDA-NR1 expression were observed between baseline and RFR-exposed groups. NMDA-NR1 expression decreased after CFA injection combined with RFR exposure, while elevated expression was observed in healthy control rats exposed to RFR with or without tramadol. ORAC assessment revealed a robust effect of RFR, but other experiments showed equivocal effects.
Ehnert S et al. · 2017
The study investigated how ELF-PEMF exposure modulates human osteoblast function via reactive oxygen species. Single ELF-PEMF exposure induced ROS production in human osteoblasts without reducing intracellular glutathione. Repetitive exposure more than three times reduced ROS levels, suggesting changes in the antioxidative stress response. The researchers concluded that ELF-PEMF treatment favors differentiation of human osteoblasts by producing non-toxic ROS that induce antioxidative defense mechanisms.
Chandel S, Kaur S, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK · 2017
Researchers exposed onion roots to 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiation for 1, 2, and 4 hours in a single day. The exposure increased levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion, indicating oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase showed increased activity in response.
Mortazavi SMJ et al. · 2017
Researchers divided 50 rats into five groups and pre-exposed three groups to 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 4 hours daily over one week at low, medium, and high power. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, the rats were given a 4 Gy sublethal gamma radiation dose and sacrificed after 5 hours. Pre-exposure increased glutathione levels and glutathione reductase activity in liver, with glutathione increases only in the low power group and glutathione reductase activity increases in both low and medium power groups. The elevated antioxidant levels protected liver tissue from oxidative damage induced by the gamma radiation.
Shahin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. · 2017
Researchers investigated long-term effects of 1800 MHz mobile phone radiation in stand-by, dialing, and receiving modes on female reproductive function and stress responses in mice. Exposure significantly elevated ROS, NO, lipid peroxidation, total carbonyl content, and serum corticosterone while decreasing antioxidant enzymes in the hypothalamus, ovary, and uterus. Exposed mice showed reduced developing and mature follicles and corpus lutea, along with decreased pituitary gonadotrophins, sex steroids, and expression of steroidogenic and estrogen receptor genes.
Clarke D et al. · 2017
Researchers tested four different repetitive magnetic stimulation frequencies on primary neonatal astrocyte cultures and measured calcium responses. Only 1 Hz stimulation produced a statistically significant rise in intracellular calcium in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. This calcium increase did not change astrocyte migration or proliferation in a scratch assay. However, 1 Hz stimulation reduced astrocyte hypertrophy 24 hours after scratch injury. The authors concluded that the results provide preliminary evidence that repetitive magnetic stimulation can influence astrocyte physiology.
Bayat M, Hemati S, Soleimani-Estyar R, Shahin-Jafari A. · 2017
Exposed mice showed 1.5-day and 3.7-day delays in wound healing at stage two. Exposed mice also had higher yeast loads in skin lesions at days 5, 7 and 9 and were more likely to die after systemic Candida challenge, with higher kidney yeast counts.
Mortazavi SMJ et al. · 2017
Iranian researchers exposed rats to 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to microwave ovens) for 4 hours daily over one week, then tested whether this 'primed' their liver cells to better handle a subsequent dose of gamma radiation. They found that low-power RF exposure increased antioxidant enzymes like glutathione, which helped protect liver tissue from oxidative damage when the rats were later exposed to harmful gamma radiation.
Villarini M et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y5 and SK-N-BE-2 neuroblastoma cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mT, aluminum chloride at 4 or 40 µM, or both together for 1 hour continuously or 5 hours intermittently. They measured DNA damage with the comet assay, redox status via GSH/GSSG ratio, and Hsp70 expression by western blot and real-time RT-PCR. Neither the magnetic field nor aluminum alone caused DNA damage, altered the GSH/GSSG ratio, or changed Hsp70 levels, and combined exposure showed no synergistic toxic effect.
Danese E et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed blood samples from 14 healthy volunteers to 900 MHz radiofrequency from a commercial mobile phone for 30 minutes. A control sample was kept away from radiofrequency sources. DNA integrity was measured by analyzing γ-H2AX foci in lymphocytes using immunofluorescence staining. No measure of γ-H2AX foci was significantly influenced by the exposure, and the odds ratio for genetic damage ranged from 0.27 to 1.00.
Park J, Kwon JH, Kim N, Song K · 2017
Researchers exposed HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at a SAR of 6 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 3 days. They analyzed mRNA and protein expression of key genes involved in Aβ processing. In HT22 cells, mRNA levels of APP, BACE1, ADAM10 and PSEN1 decreased, while APP mRNA was unchanged in SH-SY5Y cells. Protein expression of APP and BACE1 and secreted Aβ peptide did not differ significantly between exposed and control cells.
Zhang JP et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed adolescent male mice to a 1.8 GHz radiofrequency field for 4 weeks. Depression-like behavior, spatial memory ability, and brain histology did not change obviously after exposure. Anxiety-like behavior increased, and levels of GABA and aspartic acid in the cortex and hippocampus significantly decreased.
Ma Q et al. · 2016
Researchers studied the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) in the laboratory. Cells were exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 1 mT for 4 hours per day over 1, 2, and 3 days. ELF-EMF exposure increased the ratio of differentiated neurons and promoted neurite outgrowth without influencing astrocyte differentiation or cell apoptosis.
Sırav B, Seyhan N · 2016
Turkish researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz frequencies for 20 minutes and measured how much dye leaked through the blood-brain barrier. They found that both frequencies increased brain barrier permeability in male rats, with 1800 MHz showing stronger effects, while female rats showed different response patterns.
Benassi B et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y cells to an extremely low frequency magnetic field set up to reproduce environmental prolonged exposure to ELF-MF (50 Hz, 1 mT) and then treated the cells with the pro-Parkinson's toxin MPP+. ELF-MF alone did not affect cell survival, shape, or morphology, but it did significantly impair redox homeostasis and thiol content, triggering an increase in protein carbonylation. When MPP+ was added to ELF-MF-exposed cells, toxicity was highly enhanced, with significant increases in ROS levels, oxidative damage, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Pre-incubation with the thiol antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and GSH ethyl-ester significantly reduced oxidative damage and protected cells from death caused by the combined ELF-MF/MPP+ treatment.
Calvente I et al. · 2016
Calvente I et al. · 2016
Spanish researchers measured radiofrequency radiation around the homes of 123 ten-year-old boys and tested their cognitive abilities and behavior. While most measures showed no effects, boys living in areas with higher RF exposure (though still below safety guidelines) had lower verbal skills and higher rates of anxiety-related behaviors compared to those in lower exposure areas. The researchers cautioned that study limitations prevent drawing definitive conclusions.
