Kumar S, Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2010
Wistar rats were exposed to microwaves for 2 hours a day for 45 days at either 10 GHz or 50 GHz, and blood cells and serum were then analyzed. The exposed rats showed micronuclei formation and a significant increase in ROS production, along with significant changes in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels. The researchers concluded that microwave exposure may be effective at the genetic level and suggested this may indicate tumor promotion through overproduction of reactive oxygen species.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers performed an independent replication of a study that reported enhanced cryptochrome-dependent responses at 500 muT. They matched the original experimental conditions and measured hypocotyl lengths and anthocyanin accumulation in seedlings grown at 500 microT with simultaneous controls at 50 microT. Additional experiments tested hypocotyl lengths at 50 microT, 1 mT, and approximately 100 mT with zero-field controls, measured expression of CHS, HY5, and GST genes, and examined blue-light intensity effects and sucrose in the growth medium. No consistent, statistically significant magnetic field responses were detected in any experiment.
Unknown authors · 2009
The review examined research on ELF fields in cancer, immune and nerve cells, and positive effects on bone and nerve cells, wound healing, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The authors concluded that the myriad of effects ELF fields have on biological systems should not be ignored when evaluating risk and passing legislation to protect the public and workers. They also noted that the possibility of testing the efficacy of ELF fields in therapeutic protocols should not be overlooked.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers investigated whether ELF-MF exposure could increase DnaK and GroEL protein levels in E. coli cells that lack a classic heat shock response. The cells showed enhanced DnaK and GroEL protein levels after 30 or 90 minutes of sinusoidal 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF-MF exposure. The result suggests the HSP induction pathway from ELF-MF exposure may differ from the heat shock pathway.
Unknown authors · 2009
Unknown authors · 2009
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from DC to 300 Hz have been shown to affect pain sensitivity in snails, rodents, and humans. In this fMRI study, researchers exposed normal volunteers to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and measured brain activation during acute thermal pain. Significant interactions between pre- and post-exposure activation were found between sham and exposed groups in the ipsilateral right insula, anterior cingulate, and bilateral hippocampus/caudate areas.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 volunteers to extremely low frequency (ELF) and Therapeutic Application of Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Fields (TAMMEFs) in vitro. ELF fields were 100 Hz, while TAMMEFs had variable frequencies, intensities, and wave shapes. Adenylate kinase activity increased after ELF exposure and decreased slightly after TAMMEF exposure, but ecto-5′-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase, and adenosine kinase activities were unchanged.
Ziemann C et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed male and female B6C3F1 mice to GSM 902 MHz and DCS 1747 MHz signals for two years. The exposure regimen was 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, at whole-body averaged SARs of 0.4, 1.3, and 4.0 W/kg. Micronuclei were counted in peripheral blood erythrocytes stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa or acridine orange. No significant differences in micronuclei frequency were observed between RF-exposed, sham-exposed, and cage control mice. Positive control mice injected with mitomycin C had significantly increased micronuclei, and the authors concluded that the data did not indicate RF-induced genotoxicity after two years.
Hansteen IL et al. · 2009
The aim was to test if exposure used in mobile phones and wireless network technologies would induce DNA damage in cultured human lymphocytes with and without a known clastogen. Lymphocytes from six donors were exposed to 2.3 GHz, 10 W/m(2) continuous waves, or 2.3 GHz, 10 W/m(2) pulsed waves (200 Hz pulse frequency, 50% duty cycle). Mitomycin C was added to half of the cultures. No statistically significant differences were observed between control and exposed cultures. A weak trend for more chromosomal damage with the interaction of pulsed fields with mitomycin C compared to a constant field was observed.
Hansteen IL et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed lymphocytes from two smoking and four non-smoking donors for 53 hours to 1.0 W/m(2) continuous-wave at 18.0 GHz or 10 W/m(2) pulsed-wave at 16.5 GHz, alone or with MMC. DNA synthesis and repair were inhibited in some cultures. No synergistic effect was observed with MMC or with cells pre-exposed to tobacco smoke. A non-significant trend toward increased aberration frequencies appeared for 16.5 GHz pulsed exposure in DNA synthesis and repair inhibited cultures. Neither exposure induced statistically significant increases in chromosomal aberration frequencies.
Billaudel B, Taxile M, Ruffie G, Veyret B, Lagroye I. · 2009
Researchers exposed murine L-929 fibroblasts to DAMPS and GSM signals at various SARs using different exposure set-ups and measured ODC activity via 14CO2 generation from 14C-labeled L-ornithine. Exposure to 50 Hz-modulated DAMPS-835 at 2.5 W/kg for one hour in TEM cells and at 6 W/kg with temperature control showed no significant alteration in ODC activity. In the second part, no alteration of ODC activity was detected with 217 Hz modulated GSM-900 (wire-patch antenna) or GSM-1800 (waveguides) when cells were lysed before measurement. The researchers concluded that under their exposure conditions, DAMPS-835 and GSM signals have no influence on ODC activity in L-929 cells.
Billaudel B et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to DAMPS and GSM signals using waveguide systems. No change in ODC activity was observed regardless of signal type, duration, or SAR.
Sannino A et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human dermal fibroblasts from a healthy donor and a Turner's syndrome donor to 900 MHz RF radiation for 24 hours using a GSM-like signal at 1 W/kg, and Turner's syndrome fibroblasts were also exposed for 1 hour. For RF exposure alone, DNA damage was assessed with the alkaline comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. RF radiation alone caused no genotoxic or cytotoxic effects in either cell line. MX increased DNA migration in the comet assay, but RF exposure did not enhance this MX-induced DNA damage.
Güler G, Türközer Z, Ozgur E, Seyhan N. · 2009
Researchers exposed subjects to a 50 Hz, 12 kV/m electric field for 7 days at 8 hours per day and measured pulmonary levels of heme oxygenase-1, protein carbonyl content, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and hydroxyproline. Protein carbonyl content increased significantly with electric field exposure compared to controls, while the other four markers showed no significant change. Adding the antioxidants NAC or EGCG during exposure did not produce significant changes in any of the measured parameters compared to electric field exposure alone.
Güler G, Türközer Z, Ozgur E, Tomruk A, Seyhan N, Karasu C · 2009
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to a 50 Hz, 12 kV/m electric field for 7 days, 8 hours per day, and measured protein carbonyl content (PCO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in liver, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in plasma. They also assessed hepatic hydroxyproline levels to study protein synthesis. Exposure to the electric field did not significantly change PCO, AOPP, or 3-NT levels compared to controls. However, liver hydroxyproline was significantly reduced in the exposed group. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) administration significantly altered PCO, hydroxyproline, and 3-NT levels.
Aldinucci C et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed synaptosomes to a peak magnetic field of 2 mT for 2 hours. They evaluated mitochondrial respiration rate, ATP production, membrane potential, intrasynaptosomal calcium concentration, and release of free iron and F2-isoprostanes. Oxygen consumption and ATP production remained unchanged in exposed synaptosomes. Intrasynaptosomal calcium concentration decreased slowly with no membrane depolarization detected, and free iron and F2-isoprostane release remained unchanged.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for 60 minutes or for 5 days per week over 104 weeks. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving to account for restraint stress, and a positive control group received a clostridial toxin that upregulates aquaporin-4. No immunohistochemically detectable up-regulation of aquaporin-4 was observed in exposed mouse brains after either short or long exposure durations.
Zareen N, Khan MY, Minhas LA. · 2009
Researchers exposed developing chick embryos to different doses of mobile phone induced EMFs by placing a mobile phone in the incubator in silent ringing mode. After 10 or 15 days of incubation, they compared developmental milestones of surviving embryos with a non-exposed subgroup. EMF exposure significantly decreased embryo survivability. Lower EMF doses caused growth retardation, while increasing doses shifted the effect to partial and then definite growth enhancement.
Mousavy SJ et al. · 2009
Researchers investigated the effect of mobile phone RF (910 MHz and 940 MHz) on the structure and function of HbA. Oxygen affinity was measured using sodium dithionite with a UV-vis spectrophotometer, and structural changes were studied by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicated that mobile phone EMFs altered oxygen affinity and tertiary structure of HbA. Furthermore, the decrease of oxygen affinity of HbA corresponded to the EMFs intensity and time of exposure.
Lu L, Xu H, Wang X, Guo G. · 2009
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to electromagnetic pulses and assessed blood-retinal barrier permeability at 2 and 24 hours. Exposure increased barrier permeability and decreased occludin expression most at 24 hours. The permeability increase correlated with higher nitric oxide formation and nitric oxide synthase activity. A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor blocked the barrier breakdown and prevented the changes in nitric oxide, synthase activity, and occludin.
Johansson O. · 2009
The review summarized multiple papers on the effects of man-made electromagnetic fields on the immune system. It found that electromagnetic fields disturb immune function by stimulating allergic and inflammatory responses and affecting tissue repair. The review stated that such disturbances increase the risk of diseases including cancer. The authors reported that these effects occur at exposure levels significantly below current national and international safety limits.
Gul A, Celebi H, Uğraş S. · 2009
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to mobile phones during pregnancy and examined ovarian follicles in their female offspring at 21 days old. The study group had fewer ovarian follicles than the control group. The authors suggest that intrauterine microwave exposure has toxic effects on ovaries.
Cao Y, Zhang W, Lu MX, Xu Q, Meng QQ, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2009
In this study, exposure to 900-MHz EMF expanded γ-ray damage to SHG44 cells. Preexposure EMF enhanced the decrease in cell proliferation induced by γ-ray irradiation and the rate of apoptosis. The combination of EMF and γ-ray exposure resulted in a synergistic effect by triggering stress response, which increased reactive oxygen species, but the expression of hsp70 at both mRNA and protein levels remained unaltered.
Belyaev IY, Markovà E, Hillert L, Malmgren LO, Persson BR. · 2009
The study investigated microwaves from UMTS and GSM mobile phones on human lymphocytes. UMTS microwaves inhibited the formation of DNA repair foci in lymphocytes from both hypersensitive and healthy individuals. The inhibition persisted for up to 72 h after exposure, longer than the stress response to heat shock. Effects of GSM microwaves depended on carrier frequency. No significant differences were found between hypersensitive and healthy groups, except for specific responses to UMTS and GSM-915 MHz microwaves.
Atay T et al. · 2009
Researchers investigated the effects of electromagnetic waves from cellular phones operating at 900 to 1800 MHz on bone mineral density of the human iliac bone wings in 150 male volunteers. Participants were divided into two groups based on the iliac side exposed to electromagnetic waves (group 1) and the unexposed side (group 2). The mean daily phone carriage duration was 14.7 hours and the mean duration of phone use was 6.2 years. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements showed slightly lower values on the exposed side but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), and values were not as low as in osteopenia or osteoporosis.
