Eghlidospour M, Ghanbari A, Mortazavi SMJ, Azari H. · 2017
Researchers exposed adult murine neural stem cells to GSM 900-MHz radiofrequency radiation from a mobile phone for varying durations. They used neurosphere assays to evaluate proliferation, immunofluorescence to examine differentiation, and alamarBlue and caspase 3 apoptosis assays to assess harmful effects. Neurosphere number and size and the proportion of cells becoming neurons decreased significantly with longer exposure. Cell viability, apoptosis, and astrocytic differentiation were unchanged.
D'Silva MH, Swer RT, Anbalagan J, Rajesh B. · 2017
Fertilized chick embryos were incubated in four groups: 2G exposed (60 eggs), 3G exposed (60 eggs), sham exposed control (60 eggs), and control (48 eggs). After the scheduled exposure duration, embryos were collected for histological analysis of liver structure and alkaline comet assay for DNA damage. Exposure of developing chick embryos to 2G and 3G cell phone radiations caused structural changes in liver including dilated sinusoidal spaces with haemorrhage, increased vacuolations in cytoplasm, increased nuclear diameter and karyorrhexis. DNA damage was significantly increased in embryos exposed to 2G and 3G radiation. The changes were more pronounced in the 3G experimental group.
de Oliveira FM, Carmona AM2 Ladeira C. · 2017
To test whether mobile phone-associated EMF exposure affects micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal cells, the researchers obtained cell smears from the left and right inner cheeks of 86 healthy mobile phone users aged 18-30 who completed a characterization survey. No relationship was observed between micronucleus frequency and duration of mobile phone use in daily calls. Cells on the same side as phone use did not show a statistically significantly higher micronucleus frequency compared to cells on the opposite side. A highly statistically significant increase in micronucleus frequency was found in subjects reporting regular exposure to genotoxic agents.
Crabtree DPE, Herrera BJ, Kang S. · 2017
The study aimed to investigate the response of human bacteria to static magnetic field and radiofrequency electromagnetic field. Researchers investigated the response of both laboratory culture strains and isolates of skin bacteria under static magnetic field (SMF) and RF-EMF. Growth patterns of laboratory cultures of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis under SMF were variable per different species. Bacterial isolates of skin microbiota from 4 subjects with different cell phone usage history also showed inconsistent growth responses.
Çetkin M, Demirel C, Kızılkan N, Aksoy N, Erbağcı H. · 2017
Researchers used 32 male Wistar albino rats divided into control, sham, mobile phone speech (2h/day) and standby (12h/day) groups. The speech and standby groups were exposed to the EMF for a total of 10 weeks. Serum iron and ferritin did not differ significantly between exposed and control groups. Unsaturated iron binding capacity and total iron binding capacity were significantly lower in exposed groups compared to controls.
Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. · 2017
Researchers exposed malignant cell lines to the Thomas-EMF pattern for one hour per day and observed inhibited cell growth. The same exposure did not alter growth of non-malignant cells. The anti-proliferative effect was mediated by cAMP and ERK signaling pathways. Exposure transiently altered cellular cAMP levels and promoted ERK phosphorylation in malignant cells.
Aslan A, İkinci A, Baş O, Sönmez OF, Kaya H, Odacı E. · 2017
Researchers used three groups of six 21-day-old male rats, including an unexposed control, a sham-exposed group, and a group exposed to 900 MHz EMF for one hour daily from postnatal day 21 to 46. The EMF-exposed group had significantly fewer Purkinje cells than both the control and sham groups. Histopathological examination also showed altered Purkinje cell arrangement and intense cytoplasmic staining in the exposed rats.
Zheng Y, Ma W, Dong L, Dou JR, Gao Y, Xue J. · 2017
Researchers studied the influence of on-line ELF-EMF stimulation on electrophysiological properties of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro. Modeling data and actual measurements showed similar magnetic flux densities from the stimulation coils. The stimulator induced sodium channel currents and field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the neurons. Computational simulations in COMSOL modeling described the uniformity of the on-line magnetic field distribution.
Sakhaie MH et al. · 2017
ELF-EMF exposure enhanced spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze test. ELF-EMF significantly increased BrdU+ and NeuN+ cells in the dentate gyrus. Western blot showed NeuroD2 upregulation in ELF-EMF-exposed mice versus the TMT-treated group.
Haghighat N, Abdolmaleki P, Parnian J, Behmanesh M. · 2017
Clarke D et al. · 2017
Researchers tested four different repetitive magnetic stimulation frequencies on primary neonatal astrocyte cultures and measured calcium responses. Only 1 Hz stimulation produced a statistically significant rise in intracellular calcium in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. This calcium increase did not change astrocyte migration or proliferation in a scratch assay. However, 1 Hz stimulation reduced astrocyte hypertrophy 24 hours after scratch injury. The authors concluded that the results provide preliminary evidence that repetitive magnetic stimulation can influence astrocyte physiology.
Zothansiama, Zosangzuali M, Lalramdinpuii M, Jagetia GC. · 2017
The study compared 40 individuals living within 80 meters of mobile phone base stations with a control group living 300 meters away, matched for age, gender, diet, smoking, alcohol, and mobile phone use. Radiofrequency power density was significantly higher in the exposed group. The exposed group showed a significantly higher frequency of micronuclei. Plasma antioxidants glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly reduced, and lipid peroxidation was increased in the exposed group. Multiple linear regression showed that higher RF power density was associated with lower antioxidant levels, higher micronuclei frequency, and higher lipid peroxidation.
Varghese R, Majumdar A, Kumar G, Shukla A. · 2017
Researchers exposed female Sprague Dawley rats to 2.45GHz radiation for 4 hours per day for 45 days and assessed behavioral and oxidative stress parameters. Exposed rats exhibited memory decline and anxiety behavior in the Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and light-dark box tests. Radiation exposure decreased brain antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione, increased lipid peroxidation, and increased the apoptotic marker caspase 3, while histopathological examination and TNF-α levels showed no significant changes.
Türedi S, Kerimoğlu G, Mercantepe T, Odacı E. · 2017
Malondialdehyde levels increased in the EMF group compared to both control and sham groups in kidney and bladder tissues, while catalase and glutathione levels decreased. Kidney tissue in the EMF group showed dilatation and vacuolization in tubules, glomerular degeneration, and increased apoptotic cells. Bladder tissue in the EMF group showed degeneration in the transitional epithelium, stromal irregularity, and increased apoptotic cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed glomerular capillary degeneration with capillary basement membranes in the EMF group.
Mortazavi SMJ et al. · 2017
Researchers divided 50 rats into five groups and pre-exposed three groups to 915 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 4 hours daily over one week at low, medium, and high power. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, the rats were given a 4 Gy sublethal gamma radiation dose and sacrificed after 5 hours. Pre-exposure increased glutathione levels and glutathione reductase activity in liver, with glutathione increases only in the low power group and glutathione reductase activity increases in both low and medium power groups. The elevated antioxidant levels protected liver tissue from oxidative damage induced by the gamma radiation.
Gulati S, Yadav A, Kumar N, Priya K, Aggarwal NK, Gupta R. · 2017
Researchers examined superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, catalase enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, and functional polymorphisms of SOD and CAT antioxidant genes in a human population exposed to mobile tower radiation. Exposed subjects showed significantly lower manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities and higher lipid peroxidation than control subjects. Polymorphisms in the MnSOD and CAT genes significantly contributed to the observed phenotype.
Chandel S, Kaur S, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK · 2017
Researchers exposed onion roots to 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiation for 1, 2, and 4 hours in a single day. The exposure increased levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion, indicating oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase showed increased activity in response.
Miliša M, Đikić D, Mandić T, Grozić D, Čolić I, Ostojić A · 2017
Researchers exposed cultured protist species Euglena viridis and Paramecium caudatum to electric fields for 24 hours using a plate capacitor that produced field strengths found near transmission lines. Short-term exposure to low strength electric fields caused changes in population abundance, morphology, and oxidative stress response in both species. As electric field strength increased, the abundance of both species decreased, while at weaker fields fission rates were seemingly promoted. Organisms exposed to stronger electric fields showed decreased size perpendicular to their fission planes and higher DHE and H2DCF fluorescence intensity and superoxide dismutase activity.
Ehnert S et al. · 2017
The study investigated how ELF-PEMF exposure modulates human osteoblast function via reactive oxygen species. Single ELF-PEMF exposure induced ROS production in human osteoblasts without reducing intracellular glutathione. Repetitive exposure more than three times reduced ROS levels, suggesting changes in the antioxidative stress response. The researchers concluded that ELF-PEMF treatment favors differentiation of human osteoblasts by producing non-toxic ROS that induce antioxidative defense mechanisms.
Xu F et al. · 2017
Gökçek-Saraç Ç et al. · 2017
Rats were exposed to 900 and 2100 MHz RF-EMR for 2 h/day for either 1 week (acute) or 10 weeks (chronic). The study measured hippocampal levels and activity of PKA, CaMKIIα, CREB, and p44/42 MAPK from NMDAR-related signaling pathways using Western blotting and activity assays. Chronic exposure produced significantly higher enzyme levels than acute exposure at both frequencies, and 2100 MHz exposure produced higher levels than 900 MHz in both acute and chronic groups.
Zhang KY et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-1 cells to a 1950 MHz RF field at 3 W/kg SAR for 24 hours with or without 6 Gy X-ray irradiation. RF exposure alone did not change cell proliferation or apoptosis levels. When combined with X-ray, RF exposure significantly decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic rate compared to X-ray alone. The combined exposure also significantly decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and increased Bax protein expression.
Vlasova II et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed whole blood to millimeter-wave radiation at 32.9-39.6 GHz and 100 W/m² for 15 minutes and measured neutrophil oxidant production and morphofunctional changes. Neutrophil response to opsonized zymosan and E. coli was intensified after radiation exposure, while neutrophils remained intact without agonist addition. Similar enhancement occurred with isolated neutrophils in plasma, and heating was identified as the primary mechanism for increased oxidant production.
Sun Y, Zong L, Gao Z, Zhu S, Tong J, Cao Y · 2017
Researchers exposed HL-60 human leukemia cells to continuous 900MHz radiofrequency fields at 120μW/cm² for 4 hours per day over 5 consecutive days. Exposed cells had significantly increased reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial transcription factor A, mtDNA polymerase gamma, mtDNA transcripts, and mtDNA copy number compared to sham-exposed controls. Exposed cells also showed a significant increase in the oxidative damage marker 8-OHdG and a significant decrease in ATP. Pretreating cells with melatonin, a free radical scavenger, reversed the effects seen in RF-exposed cells.
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. · 2017
