Meltz ML, Eagan P, Erwin DN · 1990
Researchers studied forward mutation at the thymidine kinase locus in L5178Y mouse leukemic cells exposed to 2.45-GHz pulsed-wave RFR and proflavin. Exposures used 500 or 600 W net forward power, giving a SAR of approximately 40 W/kg, for 4 hours with temperature controls. No statistically significant increase in mutant frequency was found with combined RFR and proflavin versus proflavin alone, no change in colony-size distribution occurred, and RFR alone showed no mutagenic action.
Kerbacher JJ, Meltz ML, Erwin DN, · 1990
Neubauer C, Phelan AM, Kues H, Lange DG · 1990
Researchers exposed male albino rats to 2.45-GHz microwaves with 10-microseconds pulses at 100 pps. Exposure at 10 mW/cm2 for 30 to 120 minutes increased tracer uptake through the blood-brain barrier. The uptake depended on both power density and exposure duration. At 5 mW/cm2, a 15-minute exposure had no effect. Pretreating rats with colchicine nearly completely blocked the microwave-induced uptake.
Cleary SF, Liu LM, Merchant RE · 1990
Researchers exposed whole human blood in vitro for 2 hours to 27 or 2,450 MHz radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation under isothermal conditions at 37 degrees C. At SARs below 50 W/kg, exposure produced a dose-dependent, statistically significant increase in lymphocyte proliferation, while exposure at 50 W/kg or higher suppressed proliferation relative to sham-exposed cells. The researchers concluded that these biphasic, dose-dependent effects on lymphocyte proliferation were not dependent on heating. There were no detectable effects of RF radiation on lymphocyte morphology or viability.
Garaj-Vrhovac V, Horvat D, Koren Z · 1990
Researchers exposed cultured V79 Chinese hamster cells to continuous microwave radiation at 7.7 GHz and a power density of 30 mW/cm2 for 15, 30, and 60 minutes. The study measured the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA and the frequency of chromosome aberrations. Inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation occurred through complete prevention of DNA from entering into the S phase, and the normal rate of incorporation recovered within one generation cycle of V79 cells. Compared with control samples, irradiated cells showed a higher frequency of specific chromosome lesions.
Marko Markov · 1989
Parker JE, Kiel JL, Winters WD · 1988
Researchers exposed four rodent cell lines to 2450 MHz microwave radiation at a Specific Absorption Rate of 103.5 +/- 4.2 W/kg at temperatures of 37, 40, 42, and 45 degrees C. The researchers extracted mRNA from exposed and sham-exposed cells and used DNA probes of oncogenes, heat shock protein, or long terminal repeat sequences to look for differences in mRNA expression. With the cell lines and probes used, no significant differences in mRNA expression were observed after microwave exposure.
D’Inzeo, G et al · 1988
Researchers experimentally analyzed the behavior of cultured myotubes from chick embryos exposed to microwaves. During exposure to low-power microwaves, the frequency of acetylcholine-activated single channel openings decreased and the acetylcholine-induced total current showed a faster falling phase. Channel open time and conductance were not affected by microwave irradiation.
Chang-Zern Hong · 1987
Reba Goodman, Joan Abbott, Ann S. Henderson · 1987
Researchers exposed salivary gland cells from Sciara coprophila larvae to three magnetic field signals: a 72-Hz single repetitive pulse, a 15-Hz repetitive pulse burst, and a 72-Hz sine wave. Eight normally active X chromosome regions showed increased transcription, and three regions (Xc, B", Xf) became detectably active only after exposure. The sine wave and single pulse signals produced stronger transcriptional responses than the pulse train signal.
Chang-Zern Hong, David Harmon, Jen Yu · 1986
Nerve conduction showed no significant change in distal latencies or compound muscle action potential amplitudes at field densities up to 1.2 tesla for 60 seconds. Nerve excitability, measured as submaximally evoked compound muscle action potential amplitude changes, increased significantly when the nerve was exposed to fields stronger than 0.5 tesla for longer than 30 seconds. The excitability increase disappeared one minute after the magnetic field exposure ended.
Percival D. McCormack, Charles E. Swenberg · 1985
Robert P. Liburdy, Alan Wyant · 1984
Researchers exposed human serum to a 10 MHz electric field during liquid gel chromatography and murine spleen lymphocytes to 2500MHz RFR during immunoaffinity cell chromatography. The 10 MHz exposure accelerated elution of IgM, IgA, and IgG fractions, with the IgG peak shifting from approximately 165 ml to 150 ml. The 2500MHz RFR exposure caused premature elution of 19 per cent of the Ig* (B-cell) population, indicating an alteration of Ig binding. No measurable heating occurred; the gel media temperature remained at 25-00 +0-05°C and temperature excursions in excess of +0-05°C were not observed.
R.P. Liburdy, A. Penn · 1984
Researchers exposed rabbit erythrocytes to 2450 MHz continuous-wave microwaves at 60 mW/g and used sham exposures with the waveguide unenergized. Sodium-22 influx increased by 75-100% only at the membrane phase transition temperature of 17.7-19.5 °C. The permeability increase was amplified at intracellular oxygen tension (0-5 mm Hg) and at hyperoxic conditions (760 mm Hg), but was least pronounced at arterial and atmospheric oxygen tension. Microwave exposure at the phase transition temperature caused shedding of at least 11 proteins under 28,000 D, including two unique bands at 26,000 and 24,000 D. Approximately 450 fg of protein were estimated to be released per erythrocyte.
W.R. Adey, S.M. Bawin, A.F. Lawrence · 1982
W. R. ADEY · 1981
C. F. Blackman et al. · 1980
Researchers exposed brain tissue from chicks to 147-MHz radiation amplitude modulated at 16 Hz or 9 Hz for 20 minutes. Control exposures to unmodulated carrier at 0.83 nW/cm² and to zero field-strength produced no significant differences between exposed and sham groups. Temperature control experiments showed efflux was 9% lower at 32°C and 15% higher at 41°C compared to 37°C.
Herman P. Schwan · 1980
Joseph K. Kielman et al. · 1980
The authors reviewed experimental results from investigators worldwide on radiofrequency and microwave radiation bioeffects. Absorption of electromagnetic energy between 300 kHz and 300 GHz depends on frequency, organism geometry, and tissue dielectric properties. At power densities above 10 mW/cm2, energy dissipation can cause thermogenesis. Below 10 mW/cm2, core temperature and metabolic rate remain unchanged but biological effects are observed, including alterations in blood-brain barrier, neurotransmitter release, EEG, heart rate, immunocompetence, hematopoiesis, neuroendocrine function, and behavior. Subjective human effects such as headaches, weakness, and auditory response have also been reported.
Charles A. Cain · 1980
Per Lövsund · 1980
T. S. Tenforde · 1980
R. B. Olcerst et al. · 1980
Without radiation, both ions showed four linear regions in Arrhenius plots with transitions at 8-13°C, 22.5°C, and 36°C. Microwave exposure increased efflux only at these transition temperatures, and at 22.5°C the efflux was significantly greater than a thermal prediction at all three absorption rates but did not rise monotonically with power.
Sally Z. Child, Edwin L. Carstensen, Shung K. Lam · 1979
M.J. Galvin, M. Lieberman and D.L. McKee · 1979
Researchers exposed Japanese quail embryos to 2.45 GHz microwaves at 5 mW/cm2 or 20 mW/cm2 for the first 8 days of development. Neither exposure level caused changes in embryonic heart morphology or myocardial ultrastructure. Lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activities did not differ from controls. Creatine phosphokinase activity was lower at 20 mW/cm2 compared to control, but unchanged at 5 mW/cm2.
