Yang LL et al. · 2016
Researchers investigated whether electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure could activate brain microglia via the p38 MAPK pathway in rats. The expression of OX-42, a marker of microglia activation, increased significantly at 1, 6 and 12 hours after EMP exposure, then recovered to sham group levels at 24 hours. Levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-10 also changed significantly in vivo and in vitro after EMP exposure. Results suggested that EMP exposure at 200 kV/m, 200 pulses could activate microglia in rat brain and affect its secretory function, with the p38 pathway involved.
Tang R, Xu Y, Ma F, Ren J, Shen S, Du Y, Hou Y, Wang T · 2016
Researchers studied the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on a lung metastatic melanoma mouse model and on the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Tumor-bearing mice were exposed to ELF-MFs at 0.4 T and 7.5 Hz for 2 hours per day for 27 days. Metastatic tumor burden in the lung was significantly decreased after ELF-MF treatment, and expressions of MMP2, MMP9, and Foxp3 in lung nodules significantly decreased in the ELF-MF group. In cell experiments, ELF-MF treatment reduced the Treg cell differentiation rate from 32.0% to 22.1%, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited p-AKT in T cells.
Unknown authors · 2015
D'Angelo C et al · 2015
Researchers studied MCP-1 expression in HaCaT, SH-SY5Y, THP-1, and K562 cells exposed to a sinusoidal EMF at 50 Hz with a flux density of 1 mT (rms). Preliminary results showed that EMF exposure differently modifies MCP-1 expression in different cell types. The authors state that MCP-1 expression needs to be better determined with additional studies using different parameters and exposure times.
Unknown authors · 2015
Kumar G, McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ, Wood AW. · 2015
The researchers extended a previous study by testing for effects at different SAR levels, both 900 and 1800 MHz, and both continuous wave and pulse modulated RF radiation. Excised long bones from rats were placed in medium and exposed to RF radiation in a transverse electromagnetic cell or a waveguide. Finite-difference time-domain numerical analyses were used to estimate the forward power needed to produce nominal SAR levels of 2/10 and 2.5/12.4 W/kg in the bone marrow. After exposure, lymphoblasts were extracted and assayed for proliferation rate and genotoxicity. No significant changes were observed in the hematopoietic system of rats after exposure to CW/PM wave 900 MHz/1800 MHz RF radiations at different SAR values.
Misa-Agustiño MJ et al. · 2015
Aydoğan F et al. · 2015
Mucociliary clearance was measured by rhinoscintigraphy and nasal tissue was examined with a transmission electron microscope. The researchers concluded that the radiation damaged the nasal septal mucosa and disturbed mucociliary clearance, with ciliary disorganization and loss causing the deterioration.
Kazemi E et al. · 2015
The study investigated the effect of 900 MHz GSM on oxidative stress and intracellular ROS levels in human mononuclear cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Blood samples from 13 healthy volunteers were exposed to RF radiation from a mobile phone simulator for 2 hours, while control samples were not exposed. Mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and ROS was measured using a CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence probe and flow cytometry. Results showed a significant increase in ROS production in monocyte-rich cell populations after exposure, but no significant change in lymphocyte-rich populations.
Hancı H et al. · 2015
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and EMF groups, and the EMF group received 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day. Male pups were examined on postnatal day 21 for effects on spleen and thymus. In the thymus, malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher and glutathione levels significantly decreased in exposed pups compared to controls. In the spleen, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased while superoxide dismutase values decreased significantly. Transmission electron microscopy revealed pathological changes in cell morphology in both thymus and spleen tissues.
Rosado MM et al · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to GSM-modulated 900 MHz RF fields and transplanted bone marrow cells into irradiated syngeneic recipients from exposed, sham-exposed, or cage control donors. Twelve weeks later, thymocyte numbers, subpopulation frequencies, cell proliferation, spleen cell counts, B/T cell percentages, B/T proliferation, and IFN-γ production were all similar across groups. In a competitive transplant into Rag2-deficient mice, marrow from RF-exposed and sham-exposed mice performed equally, though both were less effective than cage-control marrow, an effect the authors linked to restraint stress, and they concluded that GSM-modulated RF exposure did not impair long-term reconstitution of peripheral T and B cell compartments.
Ushiyama A et al. · 2014
Hematological parameters, cytotoxic activity, phagocytic activity, and T-cell populations showed no significant differences between exposed and sham groups. A significant difference in inorganic phosphorus levels was found but remained within physiological range and was not considered pathophysiological.
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2014
Researchers previously found that radiofrequency radiation exposure can induce a survival adaptive response in laboratory animals. They also reported that pre-exposing mice to GSM mobile phone radiation increased resistance to subsequent Escherichia coli infection. In this study, animals receiving both radiofrequency pre-exposure and bacterial challenge had a 56% survival rate versus 20% for those receiving only the bacterial challenge.
Koca O, Gokce AM, Akyuz M, Ercan F, Yurdakul N, Karaman MI. · 2014
Twenty-one adult male albino rats were divided into three equal groups. Group 1 was exposed to electromagnetic waves for 8 hours per day for 20 days, Group 2 received the same exposure followed by 20 days without exposure, and Group 3 was not exposed. Microscopic examination showed severe inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria and muscle layer of the first group, mild infiltration in the second group, and mean inflammation scores of 5.5 ± 2.5, 0.8 ± 1.3, and 1.2 ± 1.5 for the three groups respectively, with group 1 significantly higher (p = 0.001).
Hashemipour MS, Yarbakht M, Gholamhosseinian A, Famori H. · 2014
Researchers collected stimulated salivary samples from both parotid glands of 86 healthy volunteers. They measured salivary flow rate and concentrations of protein, amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidase, C-reactive protein, and immunoglobulin A. In participants who predominantly held phones on the right side, flow rate and protein concentration were significantly higher on the right side, while amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and peroxidase concentrations decreased. The authors noted that although mobile phone use influenced salivary composition, the relationship was not significant.
Balakrishnan K et al. · 2014
The study aimed to measure serum HSP70, CRP, and hsp70 gene expression in frequent mobile phone users. The researchers enrolled 120 frequent users and 102 infrequent users as controls. Serum HSP70 and CRP were measured by ELISA and hsp70 gene expression by RT-PCR. Frequent users had significantly higher serum HSP70 and CRP concentrations and higher hsp70 gene expression than infrequent users. Serum HSP70 concentration was independent of exposure duration, whereas CRP increased with duration.
De Luca C et al. · 2014
The study tested a panel of 12 metabolic blood redox-related parameters and selected drug-metabolizing-enzyme gene polymorphisms in 153 EHS, 147 MCS, and 132 control Italians. They found milder pro-oxidant and proinflammatory changes in the electromagnetic hypersensitivity group, including an increased plasma coenzyme-Q10 oxidation ratio. Genetic analysis showed altered distribution of CYP2C19 variants and a 9.7-fold higher risk of electromagnetic hypersensitivity for a combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 null haplotype.
Arbabi-Kalati F, Salimi S, Vaziry-Rabiee A, Noraeei M. · 2014
Researchers investigated the effects of mobile phone use duration on total antioxidant capacity of saliva using unstimulated saliva from 105 volunteers without oral lesions. Volunteers were divided into three groups based on daily mobile phone usage, and total antioxidant capacity was measured by the Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma method. Average total antioxidant capacities in the three groups were 657.91 µmol/lit, 726.77 µm/lit, and 560.17 µmol/lit, and talking over an hour decreased capacity compared with talking less than twenty minutes.
Koyama S et al. · 2014
Researchers examined the effect of 2.45-GHz radiofrequency fields at SARs of 2 and 10 W/kg for 4 and 24 hours on neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in differentiated human HL-60 cells. Neutrophil chemotaxis was not affected by radiofrequency field exposure, and phagocytosis was not affected either compared with sham exposure conditions. Exposure at an SAR under 10 W/kg showed very little or no effects on either chemotaxis or phagocytosis.
Jirillo E et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed 108 samples of human leukocytes from healthy donors to electromagnetic radiation at different intensities using a reverberation chamber. Exposure times ranged from 5 minutes to 24 hours, and sham-exposed blood samples from the same donors served as controls. In 68% of the 108 cases, an increase in leukocyte cell area was found along with morphological changes, while in 14% a decrease in cell area was observed. In 18% of cases, no effects dependent on the radiation were detected.
Hwang Y, Ahn J, Mun J, Bae S, Jeong YU, Vinokurov NA, Kim P. · 2014
Researchers irradiated the ear skin of a live anesthetized mouse with pulsed THz waves and monitored the response at the cellular level using intravital laser-scanning confocal microscopy. The pulsed THz wave used was 2.7 THz with a 4 μs pulsewidth, 61.4 μJ per pulse, at a 3 Hz repetition rate, applied at an average power of 260 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes. No temperature change was detected at the skin surface, while a massive recruitment of newly infiltrated neutrophils was observed in the irradiated area after 6 hours.
Gapeyev AB, Aripovsky AV, Kulagina TP. · 2014
Researchers studied whether extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) could modify fatty acid content and composition in the thymus of mice also exposed to X-rays. Mice were exposed to low-intensity pulse-modulated EHF EMR at 42.2 GHz and/or X-rays at a dose of 4 Gy, with measurements taken at several time points up to 40 days after exposure. X-irradiation alone significantly increased total fatty acid content in thymic tissue within 4 to 5 hours and decreased it at 10 and 30 days, while thymus weight remained significantly reduced on days 30 and 40. When EHF EMR was applied before or after X-irradiation, changes in total fatty acid content were prevented and thymus weight restoration was promoted by day 40.
Pelletier SJ et al. · 2014
Researchers tested various intensities of direct current electric fields (0, 25, 50, and 100V/m) on neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in a controlled laboratory setting. Neurons developed an elongated cell body shape with neurite outgrowth associated with a significant increase in growth associated protein-43. BV2 microglial cells showed distinct morphological changes with an increase in cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and these changes depended on whether the cells had already been activated with lipopolysaccharide. Astrocytes displayed elongated cell bodies with cellular filopodia that were oriented perpendicularly to the direct current electric field.
Lu Y et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed microglial N9 and astroglial C8-D1A cells to 1800 MHz radiofrequency fields to study pro-inflammatory responses and the mechanisms involved. Radiofrequency exposure induced different expression and release profiles of inflammatory markers including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2 in the two cell types. STAT3 was activated by radiofrequency exposure in microglia but not in astrocytes, and the STAT3 inhibitor Stattic reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia but not in astrocytes.
Hillman D, D Stetzer, M Graham, CL Goeke, et al. · 2013
The president of ASMI will begin this vertical transmission. He hopes that you and your families are all healthy and well and coping during this very confused and frightening time.
