Nittby H et al. · 2009
Rats were exposed in TEM-cells for 2 hours at non-thermal specific absorption rates of 0, 0.12, 1.2, 12, and 120 mW/kg, and albumin extravasation over the blood-brain barrier, neuronal albumin uptake, and neuronal damage were assessed. Albumin extravasation was enhanced in the mobile phone exposed rats compared to sham controls after a 7-day recovery period, with a significant result at the SAR value of 12 mW/kg. There was a low but significant correlation between the exposure level and the occurrence of focal albumin extravasation.
Naziroğlu M, Gümral N. · 2009
Researchers divided thirty rats into five groups to study the effects of 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation on the brain's antioxidant system and EEG records. Exposed rats received 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation for 60 minutes per day for 28 days, after which EEG records and brain cortex samples were collected. Brain cortex concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E were lower in the exposed group than in controls, though these concentrations were increased by selenium and L-carnitine supplementation. L-carnitine appeared to have a more protective effect on vitamin concentrations than selenium.
López-Martín E et al. · 2009
Researchers studied whether pulse-modulated GSM radiation had different effects on brain activity than an unmodulated signal of the same wavelength, and examined c-Fos expression in seizure-related brain circuits. Rats made seizure-prone with picrotoxin and then exposed to GSM radiation showed differences in clinical and EEG signs and in c-Fos expression compared with picrotoxin-treated rats exposed to unmodulated radiation. The most marked effects of GSM radiation on c-Fos expression in picrotoxin-treated rats were observed in limbic structures, olfactory cortex areas, subcortical areas, the dentate gyrus, and the central lateral nucleus of the thalamic intralaminar nucleus group. Neither radiation treatment caused tissue heating, so the researchers ruled out thermal effects.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
de Tommaso M et al. · 2009
Researchers evaluated whether 900 MHz GSM phone exposure changed a brain electrical measure called the initial contingent negative variation (iCNV) in healthy volunteers using a double blind design. Ten healthy right-handed volunteers were evaluated, each recorded during a 10 min time interval in each of the three experimental conditions: a real emitting phone, a sham phone whose power was dissipated internally, and a phone switched off. The iCNV amplitude decreased and habituation increased during both the real and sham phone conditions compared with the off condition, with no significant prevalence of iCNV amplitude reduction on the left side, where the phones were located.
Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Ulukaya E, Uzunlar AK, Ocak AR · 2009
The study used 31 Wistar Albino adult male rats, with the exposed group having their heads placed in a carousel and exposed to 900 MHz microwave radiation for 2 hours per day, 7 days a week, for 10 months. The apoptosis score in exposed rats was significantly lower than in both the sham group and the cage control group. Total antioxidant capacity and catalase were higher in the exposed group than in the sham group, while the oxidative stress index showed no significant difference between those groups. The protein p53 was not significantly changed by the exposure.
Daniels WM, Pitout IL, Afullo TJ, Mabandla MV · 2009
Researchers studied the effect of electromagnetic radiation in the mobile phone range on the behaviour of the rat. Behavioural, histological and biochemical tests were performed on exposed and unexposed male and female rats to examine learning and memory, emotional states and corticosterone levels. No significant differences were found in spatial memory or brain morphology between groups, but some exposed animals showed decreased locomotor activity, increased grooming and a tendency of increased basal corticosterone levels. The researchers suggested that EMR exposure may lead to abnormal brain functioning.
Curcio G et al. · 2009
Researchers used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure frontal cortex oxygenation in eleven healthy volunteers during a 40-minute exposure to a GSM mobile phone signal. The study found a slight linear increase in deoxygenated hemoglobin over time during real exposure, but no other measure showed GSM exposure-dependent changes. The researchers noted that their results should be confirmed on a larger sample size and using a multichannel instrument that allows the investigation of a wider portion of the frontal cortex.
Bas O, Odaci E, Kaplan S, Acer N, Ucok K, Colakoglu S · 2009
Researchers investigated the number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus of 16-week-old female rats following postnatal exposure to 900 MHz EMF. Rats in the EMF group were exposed to 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day for 28 days, with a SAR ranging from 0.016 (whole body) to 2 W/kg (locally in the head). Postnatal EMF exposure caused a significant decrease of the pyramidal cell number in the CA, and cell loss was also visible at qualitative observation.
Luukkonen J et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 872 MHz radiofrequency radiation at 5 W/kg for 1 hour, combined with menadione, a chemical that induces intracellular ROS production and DNA damage. Continuous-wave RF radiation increased DNA breakage compared to cells exposed only to menadione, and ROS levels were higher at 30 and 60 minutes after exposure ended. No effects of the GSM signal were seen on either ROS production or DNA damage.
Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2009
Researchers investigated the effects of 50-GHz microwave radiation on the brain of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed for 2 hours a day for 45 days continuously at a power level of 0.86 μW/cm2. Exposed rats showed DNA double-strand breaks and a significant decrease in GPx and SOD activity in brain cells, while catalase activity showed a significant increase compared with control. PKC decreased significantly in the whole brain and hippocampus of the exposed group.
Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V. · 2009
Researchers investigated whether bee venom could protect against DNA damage caused by 915-MHz microwave radiation in Wistar rat lymphocytes. Whole blood lymphocytes were treated with 1 μg/mL bee venom before irradiation, and comet assays were used to assess basal and oxidative DNA damage. Bee venom showed a decrease in DNA damage compared with irradiated samples, and was found to have a radioprotective effect against both basal and oxidative DNA damage.
Del Vecchio G et al. · 2009
Researchers studied the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on neuronal maturation using two in vitro models: murine SN56 cholinergic cells and rat primary cortical neurons. Cells were exposed at 1 W/kg at 900 MHz GSM modulated, and neurite emission, outgrowth, and branching were examined at multiple time points. RF-EMF exposure reduced the number of neurites in both cell systems, and this reduction correlated with increased expression of beta-thymosin mRNA.
De Iuliis GN, Newey RJ, King BV, Aitken RJ. · 2009
Researchers exposed purified human spermatozoa in vitro to radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation tuned to 1.8 GHz across a range of specific absorption rates from 0.4 W/kg to 27.5 W/kg. As the SAR increased, sperm motility and vitality were significantly reduced, while mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and DNA fragmentation were significantly elevated (P<0.001). The researchers also observed highly significant relationships between SAR, the oxidative DNA damage biomarker 8-OH-dG, and DNA fragmentation after exposure.
Yadav AS, Sharma MK. · 2008
Researchers examined cells from the inside of the mouth in 85 regular cell phone users compared to 24 non-users to look for signs of genetic damage. They found that cell phone users had significantly more micronuclei (small fragments that break off from damaged cell nuclei) - nearly three times more than non-users. The longer people had been using phones, the more genetic damage markers appeared in their cells.
Walsh SP, White KM, Hyde MK, Watson B. · 2008
Researchers studied what psychological factors influence people's intentions to use mobile phones while driving, examining attitudes, social pressure, and risk perceptions across different driving scenarios. They found that personal attitudes consistently predicted phone use intentions while driving, and pressure from others influenced some decisions, but surprisingly, risk perception didn't make people choose safer driving behaviors. This suggests that reducing distracted driving requires multiple approaches targeting different psychological motivations.
Soderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2008
Swedish researchers surveyed 2,000 teenagers about their wireless phone use and health symptoms. They found that regular users of mobile and cordless phones reported more health problems including tiredness, headaches, anxiety, concentration difficulties, and sleep disturbances compared to less frequent users. Nearly all teens (99.6%) had access to mobile phones, with girls using them more frequently than boys.
Sinha RK · 2008
Researchers exposed male rats to chronic microwave radiation at 2450 MHz (the same frequency used by microwave ovens and WiFi) and measured changes in thyroid hormones and behavior. The exposed rats became hyperactive and aggressive, while also showing significant disruptions in thyroid hormone levels - specifically decreased T3 and increased T4. These behavioral and hormonal changes were statistically correlated, suggesting that microwave exposure can disrupt the endocrine system in ways that directly affect behavior.
Rubin GJ, Cleare AJ, Wessely S · 2008
Researchers compared three groups: people sensitive only to mobile phones, those claiming broader 'electrosensitivity' to various electrical devices, and healthy controls. They found that people identifying as 'electrosensitive' showed significantly worse overall health, more depression, and greater anxiety about modern health risks compared to both other groups. This suggests that self-reported electrosensitivity may be linked to broader health and psychological factors rather than electromagnetic field exposure alone.
Roux D et al. · 2008
French researchers exposed tomato plants to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) and found that it rapidly disrupted the plants' cellular energy systems. Within just 30 minutes, the plants' ATP levels (their main energy currency) dropped by 27%, and their overall energy status declined by 18%. This suggests that even low-level EMF exposure can interfere with fundamental cellular processes that keep living organisms functioning properly.
Rezk AY, Abdulqawi K, Mustafa RM, Abo El-Azm TM, Al-Inany H · 2008
Researchers exposed 90 pregnant women to mobile phone electromagnetic fields for 10 minutes and measured heart activity in their unborn babies and newborns. They found that even this brief exposure significantly increased fetal and newborn heart rates while decreasing cardiac output (the amount of blood the heart pumps). These cardiovascular changes occurred in both developing babies in the womb and healthy newborns after birth.
Nagaoka T, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K, Watanabe S. · 2008
Japanese researchers developed detailed computer models of pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy (13, 18, and 26 weeks) to study how radiofrequency electromagnetic fields are absorbed by both mother and fetus. The models included 56 different tissue types and calculated specific absorption rates (SAR) - essentially how much EMF energy different body parts absorb during whole-body exposure. This research provides the foundation for understanding EMF exposure risks during pregnancy, when both mother and developing baby may be vulnerable.
Maccà I et al. · 2008
Italian researchers measured electromagnetic field exposure for physiotherapy workers using microwave therapy, diathermy, and magnetic therapy equipment across eight clinics. They found that workers operating these devices were exposed to EMF levels that exceeded European safety limits, particularly when standing within about 50 centimeters of the equipment. The study reveals that healthcare workers using EMF-based therapies may face occupational health risks that aren't being properly managed.
Landgrebe M et al. · 2008
Researchers compared 89 people who report electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) with 107 healthy controls using brain stimulation tests and cognitive assessments. They found that EHS patients had measurable differences in brain function, including reduced ability to distinguish between real and fake electromagnetic stimulation, and altered patterns of brain excitability that varied by age. The study suggests these individuals may have genuine neurobiological differences that make them more vulnerable to electromagnetic effects.
Kumar V, Vats RP, Pathak PP. · 2008
Indian researchers studied how TV tower radiation at 41 and 202 MHz frequencies affects different human tissues including skin, muscle, bone, and fat. They calculated how electromagnetic waves penetrate the body and cause different amounts of energy absorption (called specific absorption rate or SAR) in different tissues. The study concluded that TV transmission towers should be located away from populated areas because their radiation can harm body tissues, and people should maintain safe distances from these towers.
