Shahin S, Mishra V, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. · 2014
Researchers exposed male mice to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (the same frequency used by Wi-Fi routers and microwave ovens) for 2 hours daily over 30 days at very low power levels. The exposed mice showed significant decreases in sperm count and viability, along with damaged sperm-producing tissue and reduced testosterone levels. This suggests that chronic exposure to common wireless frequencies may impair male fertility through oxidative stress mechanisms.
Sefidbakht Y et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed human kidney cells to 940 MHz radiation (cell phone frequency) for up to 60 minutes. Initial exposure caused cellular damage, but cells activated protective mechanisms after one hour, reducing stress markers. This suggests cells may adapt to radiation exposure over time.
Meena R, Kumari K, Kumar J, Rajamani P, Verma HN, Kesari KK. · 2014
Researchers exposed male rats to Wi-Fi frequency radiation (2.45 GHz) for 2 hours daily over 45 days, finding it damaged sperm DNA and caused oxidative stress in testicular tissue. The antioxidant melatonin prevented this damage, suggesting everyday microwave radiation may harm male fertility but antioxidants could provide protection.
Manta AK, Stravopodis DJ, Papassideri IS, Margaritis LH. · 2014
Researchers exposed fruit flies to cordless phone base station radiation and found cellular damage markers doubled in fly bodies after 6 hours. Female reproductive organs showed even faster responses, with damage markers increasing 2.5 times after just 1 hour of exposure.
Abu Khadra KM, Khalil AM, Abu Samak M, Aljaberi A. · 2014
Researchers evaluated biochemical parameters in the saliva of 12 young males before and after using a mobile phone. The phone emitted radio frequency signals of 1800 MHz with a 1.09 w/kg specific absorption rate, and participants used it for 15 and 30 minutes. SOD levels followed a quadratic trend, rising after 15 minutes of talking but then dropping as talking time increased. The researchers suggested that exposure to electromagnetic radiation may exert an oxidative stress on human cells, as evidenced by the increase in the concentration of the superoxide radical anion released in the saliva of cell phone users.
Luukkonen J, Liimatainen A, Juutilainen J, Naarala J · 2014
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to a 50-Hz, 100-μT magnetic field for 24 hours, followed by a 3-hour exposure to menadione. The study aimed to investigate cellular changes occurring during the first 24 hours of magnetic field exposure and whether those changes could lead to genomic instability in the progeny of exposed cells. Magnetic field exposure was associated with increased micronuclei at 8 and 15 days after exposure, increased mitochondrial activity at 8 days, and increased reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation at 15 days. The researchers suggest that magnetic field exposure disturbs oxidative balance immediately after exposure, and that persistently elevated levels of micronuclei were found in the progeny of exposed cells.
Shafiei SA, Firoozabadi SM, Tabatabaie KR, Ghabaee M. · 2014
Researchers investigated how extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) applied to different parts of the brain changed EEG power spectrum readings. EEG relative power spectrum was evaluated at several brain points when exposed to magnetic fields at 45, 17, 10, 5, and 3 Hz frequencies, at intensities of 0, 100, 240, or 360 μT across four sessions. Significant changes were observed in different EEG bands, and some exposures decreased the alpha band in frontal and central areas in the closed-eyes state.
Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG. · 2014
Researchers exposed Swiss albino mice to a 50 Hz, 10 G extremely low-frequency magnetic field for 8 hours per day across periods of up to 120 days. Anxiety was measured using an elevated plus maze, open field test, and social interaction test, on the 7th, 30th, 60th, 90th, and 120th exposure day, respectively. The findings suggest that the magnetic field significantly induced anxiety behavior and that the NMDA receptor was involved in its effect. Glutamate and GABA levels were significantly elevated in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, though GABA receptor modulators did not produce a significant effect on the induced anxiety.
Rauš Balind S, Selaković V, Radenović L, Prolić Z, Janać B. · 2014
Researchers studied whether an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF, 50 Hz, 0.5 mT) affects oxidative stress in the brains of gerbils submitted to 10-min global cerebral ischemia. After occlusion of both carotid arteries, 3-month-old gerbils were continuously exposed to ELF-MF for 7 days, and oxidative stress markers were measured in the forebrain cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Ischemic gerbils exposed to ELF-MF showed increased oxidative stress on the 7th day after reperfusion, but to a lesser extent than ischemic or ELF-MF-exposed animals alone, and by the 14th day their oxidative stress parameters were mostly at control levels. The results indicate a beneficial effect of ELF-MF (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) in the model of global cerebral ischemia.
Murugan NJ, Persinger MA. · 2014
Exposure to the patterned magnetic field reduced planarian activity by about 50%, a magnitude similar to the non-specific effects of morphine and naloxone across most dosages. A specific dosage of 100 nM produced an additional marked reduction in activity for planaria exposed to either morphine or naloxone, while only 1 pM of morphine produced this effect.
Mahdavi SM, Sahraei H, Yaghmaei P, Tavakoli H. · 2014
Researchers studied the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure at 1 and 5 Hz on behavioral, hormonal, and metabolic changes in male Wistar rats. Plasma ACTH concentration increased in both frequency groups, while noradrenaline concentration showed an overall reduction.
Li C, Xie M, Luo F, He C, Wang J, Tan G, Hu Z. · 2014
Researchers investigated the effects of 14 and 28 days of exposure to a 50 Hz, 0.5 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field on glutamate receptor subunit expressions and spatial learning and memory in rats. The exposure changed NMDAR and AMPAR subunit levels in the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and prefrontal cortex in ways that differed by brain region and duration. Despite these receptor changes, neither 14 nor 28 days of exposure affected the rats' spatial reference memory as assessed by water maze.
Schneider J, Stangassinger M · 2014
Researchers exposed male and female rats continuously to either 900-MHz GSM or 1.966-GHz UMTS electromagnetic fields at 0.4 W/kg. Memory was assessed using a social discrimination procedure, with differences in sniffing duration to familiar and novel juvenile rats used as the measure. EMF-exposed females showed no differences in sniffing duration compared with controls, but sniffing durations of EMF-exposed males at 3 months of age were significantly affected. At 6 months of age, GSM-exposed male adults showed a memory performance deficit, but UMTS-exposed males did not.
Razavinasab M, Moazzami K, Shabani M · 2014
Researchers exposed pregnant Wistar rats to 900 MHz pulsed-EMF irradiation for 6 hours per day during gestation, then tested the offspring using behavioral, histological, and electrophysiological methods. Mobile phone exposure was associated with a decrease in the number of action potentials fired and an increase in the amplitude of afterhyperpolarization in exposed offspring compared with controls. Phone exposure significantly altered learning acquisition and memory retention in both male and female offspring rats compared with control rats. Light microscopy of brain sections showed normal morphology in both control and mobile phone-exposed rats.
Qin F, Yuan H, Nie J, Cao Y, Tong J · 2014
Researchers exposed male mice to 1800 MHz radiofrequency fields at 208 microW/cm2 for 0, 30, or 120 minutes per day for 30 days, while some groups also received nano-selenium by intra-gastric injection. Significant impairments in learning and memory were observed in the RF 120 min group, along with reduced acetylcholine levels and antioxidant enzyme activity and increased GABA, glutamate, and MDA in the brain. Nano-selenium supplementation decreased GABA, glutamate, and MDA levels and increased acetylcholine levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in the exposed mice.
Pelletier A et al. · 2014
Researchers recorded thermal preference and sleep in 18 young male Wistar rats, with nine exposed to a low-intensity RF-EMF at 900 MHz and nine serving as non-exposed controls. During the light period, exposed rats preferred to sleep at an air temperature of 31°C while controls preferred 28°C. During the dark period, no significant differences between groups were found.
Motawi TK, Darwish HA, Moustafa YM, Labib MM. · 2014
Lee W, Yang KL · 2014
Researchers used medaka fish embryos (Oryzias latipes) to study how electromagnetic fields affect development and behavior. Newly fertilized embryos were randomly assigned to groups exposed to an EMF at 3.2 kHz at intensities of 0.12, 15, 25, or 60 µT, with the 0.12 µT group serving as the control. Embryos exposed to all three EMF levels developed significantly faster across several endpoints, including somite number, eye dimensions, eye pigmentation density, midbrain width, head growth, and day to hatch. The group exposed to 60 µT showed significantly higher levels of anxiety-like behavior than the other groups.
Júnior LC et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation from a GSM cell phone (1·8 GHz) for 3 days. After exposure, behavioral tests including the open field and object recognition tests were performed. The exposed animals did not present anxiety patterns or working memory impairment, but stress behavior actions were observed.
Jung IS, Kim HJ, Noh R, Kim SC, Kim CW. · 2014
Researchers investigated how extremely low frequency magnetic fields affect nerve-growth-factor-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells using proteomic methods. After 5 days of exposure at 50 Hz and 1 mT, neurite length and the number of neurite-bearing cells increased, while proliferation activity decreased. Six proteins were found to be differentially expressed between exposed and unexposed NGF-treated cells, including peripherin, VGF8a, HSP72-psI, LMW-PTP/ACP1, TUBA1A, and OPA1L.
Ghazizadeh V, Nazıroğlu M · 2014
Akbari A, Jelodar G, Nazifi S · 2014
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to radiofrequency waves generated by a base transceiver station antenna model and measured oxidative stress markers in the cerebellum and encephalon. Antioxidant enzymes measured included glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, along with malondialdehyde (MDA). Exposure to radiofrequency waves decreased antioxidant enzyme activity and increased MDA compared with the control groups. Vitamin C supplementation improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced MDA in the group that also received radiofrequency wave exposure.
Hillman D, D Stetzer, M Graham, CL Goeke, et al. · 2013
Researchers examined the relationship between electrical power quality issues and milk production in dairy herds through field studies and literature review. The study found correlations between poor electrical power quality on farms and reduced milk production in dairy cattle. This research suggests that electromagnetic disturbances from electrical systems may impact livestock health and agricultural productivity.
Cucurachi S, WLM Tamis et al. · 2013
This 2013 review article by Cucurachi, Tamis and colleagues examined the ecological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) across various organisms and ecosystems. The review synthesized existing literature on how RF-EMF exposure impacts non-human biological systems in environmental contexts.
Bhattacharya, R, Roy, R. · 2013
This 2013 review by Bhattacharya and Roy examined the impacts of communication towers on avian species. The study synthesized existing literature on how communication infrastructure affects bird populations.
