Mahmoudabadi FS, Ziaei S, Firoozabadi M, Kazemnejad A · 2015
Researchers conducted a case–control study enrolling 292 women with unexplained spontaneous abortion before 14 weeks gestation and 308 pregnant women beyond 14 weeks gestation. They collected data using two forms covering socioeconomic and obstetric characteristics, medical and reproductive history, lifestyles, and cell phone use during pregnancy. Mobile phone exposure was assessed by average daily calling time, phone location when not in use, hands-free use, other applications, manufacturer-reported SAR, and average effective SAR. All mobile phone related data differed between the groups except hands-free device use (p < 0.001).
Li C, Wu T. · 2015
Researchers numerically compared dosimetric results among adult, child, and infant models to evaluate infant exposure to magnetic fields from an electronic article surveillance system operating at 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz. Postures did not significantly influence dosimetric results when the cross-sectional area under exposure was similar. Infants showed higher SAR values for brain and central nervous system tissues compared with adults, 1.5x at 125 kHz and 112x at 13.56 MHz, though safety limits were unlikely to be exceeded. The infant's specific anatomy, such as a non-proportionally large head and high fat content, did not lead to higher SAR values.
Li C et al. · 2015
The study created a 12-month-old male whole body model and a 17-month-old male head model from magnetic resonance images. The whole body model contained 28 tissues and the head model contained 30 tissues, both at 1 mm spatial resolution. Model validation showed a maximum 18% deviation in tissue mass compared to International Commission on Radiological Protection data. Dosimetric comparison with various adult and child anatomical models was conducted, and significant differences in the physical and anatomical features between adult and child models demonstrated the importance of creating realistic infant models. Current safety guidelines for infant exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields may not be conservative.
Klaps A, Ponocny I, Winker R, Kundi M, Auersperg F, Barth A. · 2015
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis based on 17 studies. Double-blind studies found no effects on human well-being. Field or unblinded studies clearly showed effects on well-being. The authors concluded that this provides evidence for nocebo effects. They also stated that effects of mobile phone base stations seem unlikely, but nocebo effects occur.
Kiyohara K et al. · 2015
Researchers asked 198 Japanese students aged 10 to 24 to use a software-modified phone for one month to record their actual calls. Ten to twelve months later, participants were interviewed about their call history, and their self-reports were compared to the phone records. The study found moderate agreement for which ear was used (κ=0.449), better agreement for call duration (r=0.620) than for number of calls (r=0.561), and large random errors in recalling both number and duration.
Hossain MI, Faruque MRI, Islam MT. · 2015
Researchers used computer simulation to study how distance and angle between a human head model and a phone antenna affect specific absorption rate (SAR). Increasing the distance between the head model and antenna decreased SAR values. Increasing the inclination angle did not reduce SAR values in all cases. The study also examined the effect of a metal-glass phone casing on SAR near the head model. Antenna performance was checked by measuring return loss in all cases.
Exelmans L, Van den Bulck J. · 2015
Çiğ B, Nazıroğlu M. · 2015
Researchers exposed MCF-7 breast cancer cells to 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation at distances from 0 to 25 cm for one hour. At distances of 0, 1, and 5 cm, exposed cells showed higher reactive oxygen species, calcium concentrations, apoptosis, and caspase activity compared to controls, while cell viability increased with distance. No statistically significant differences were observed between control cells and those exposed at 20 or 25 cm.
Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2015
Researchers conducted a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on meningioma diagnosed during 1997-2003 and 2007-2009. In the highest decile of use (>3,358 hours), odds ratios were 1.5 for mobile phones and 2.0 for cordless phones. No association was found for ipsilateral use or anatomical tumor location.
Bogomazova AN et al. · 2015
Researchers studied DNA damage and transcriptome responses in human embryonic stem cells exposed to narrow-band terahertz radiation at 2.3 THz under strict temperature control. The transcription of approximately 1% of genes was subtly increased after irradiation. Functional annotation enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed 15 functional classes, which were mostly related to mitochondria. Terahertz irradiation did not induce the formation of γH2AX foci or structural chromosomal aberrations in the cells. No effect on the mitotic index or morphology of the cells was observed following exposure.
Gulati S et al. · 2015
The study aimed to evaluate genetic damage from mobile tower radiation and to test for associations with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in 116 exposed and 106 control subjects. DNA damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay for tail moment in peripheral blood lymphocytes and micronucleus assay in buccal cells (BMN). Exposed subjects showed significantly higher BMN frequency and TM values than controls, while GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were not associated with DNA damage levels in either group.
Gandhi G, Kaur G, Nisar U. · 2015
The study was a cross-sectional case-control study that assessed genetic damage with the comet assay in peripheral blood leukocytes from 63 residents near a mobile phone tower and 28 matched healthy controls. The power density within 300 meters of the base station exceeded permissive limits and was significantly higher than in the control area. DNA migration length, damage frequency, and damage index were all significantly elevated in the exposed group compared to controls. Female residents had significantly higher damage frequency than male residents. Linear regression identified daily mobile phone usage, location of residence, and power density as significant predictors of genetic damage.
Terraneo A et al. · 2015
Thirty-two cocaine-addicted patients were randomly assigned to receive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or pharmacological agents for 29 days, followed by a 63-day follow-up where all were offered stimulation. During Stage 1, the stimulation group had significantly more cocaine-free urine drug tests than the control group (p=0.004). Craving for cocaine was significantly lower in the stimulation group compared to controls (p=0.038). No significant adverse events were noted.
Ross CL, Teli T, Harrison BS. · 2015
Researchers stimulated cAMP in CHO cells transfected with human mu-opioid receptors and exposed them to 5 Hz EMF. The 5 Hz EMF produced 23% greater inhibition of cAMP-treating cells than morphine treatment. When tested at 13 Hz, EMF produced results similar to controls.
Koeman T et al. · 2015
Researchers analyzed occupational exposures to solvents, pesticides, metals, ELF-MF, electrical shocks, and diesel motor exhaust on non-vascular dementia mortality in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Exposures were assigned using job-exposure matrices and after 17.3 years of follow-up, 682 male and 870 female cases were available. Positive associations were found for metals, chlorinated solvents, and ELF-MF with non-vascular dementia among men, while pesticide exposure showed inverse associations and no associations were found for shocks, aromatic solvents, and diesel motor exhaust.
Brouwer M et al. · 2015
Researchers investigated six occupational exposures and Parkinson's disease mortality in a Dutch cohort of 58,279 men and 62,573 women followed for 17.3 years. A case-cohort design with a random subcohort of 5,000 participants used job-exposure matrices and Cox regression. Among men, high exposure to pesticides and extremely low frequency magnetic fields showed elevated hazard ratios for Parkinson's disease mortality. No association with exposure duration or cumulative exposure trend was observed for any exposure. Results in women were unstable due to few highly exposed women, and no associations were found for solvents, metals, diesel motor emissions, or electric shocks.
Sokolovic D et al. · 2015
Researchers divided adult Wistar rats into four groups: saline control, melatonin only, microwave exposure only, and microwave exposure with melatonin treatment. Melatonin was administered daily at 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and rats were sacrificed after 20, 40, and 60 days. Melatonin treatment prevented increases in malondialdehyde after 20 days and reversed microwave effects on xanthine oxidase after 40 days and acid-DNase activity after 20 days. However, melatonin did not change protein carbonyl content, catalase activity, or alkaline DNase activity.
Marconi A et al. · 2015
The study used a randomized, double-blind, crossover design with 18 human volunteers exposed to GSM mobile phone radiation. Researchers measured two categories of oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and exhaled air, including markers of lipid oxidation and antioxidant defense. After 30 minutes of exposure, the overall entropy of the biomarker dataset decreased significantly, indicating a modulation of biomarker organization.
Ma HR, Ma ZH, Wang GY, Song CM, Ma XL, Cao XH, Zhang GH. · 2015
Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a radiated group exposed to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation 4 hours per day for 18 consecutive days. Serum levels of ALT and AST did not change significantly in the radiated group compared to the normal group. Liver malondialdehyde content increased and glutathione content decreased in the radiated group. Histopathology revealed diffuse hepatocyte swelling, vacuolation, and focal necrosis. Bax protein expression was higher, bcl-2 protein expression was lower, and hepatocyte apoptosis rates were higher in the radiated group.
Kazemi E et al. · 2015
The study investigated the effect of 900 MHz GSM on oxidative stress and intracellular ROS levels in human mononuclear cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Blood samples from 13 healthy volunteers were exposed to RF radiation from a mobile phone simulator for 2 hours, while control samples were not exposed. Mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and ROS was measured using a CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence probe and flow cytometry. Results showed a significant increase in ROS production in monocyte-rich cell populations after exposure, but no significant change in lymphocyte-rich populations.
Schoeni A, Roser K, Röösli M · 2015
Researchers conducted a prospective cohort study with 439 adolescents who completed verbal and figural memory tasks at baseline and after one year. Wireless device use was assessed by questionnaire and operator recorded mobile phone use data for a subgroup of 234 adolescents, and RF-EMF dose measures for the brain and whole body were computed. Higher cumulative call duration and RF-EMF brain and whole-body doses were linked to lower figural memory scores. No exposure-response associations were observed for sending text messages and gaming, and memory change over one year was negatively associated with wireless phone use and more strongly with RF-EMF dose.
Özgür A et al. · 2015
Twelve adult Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups of six, with one group exposed to electromagnetic waves for 30 days and the other serving as unexposed controls. Histological analysis revealed neuronal degeneration signs such as increased vacuolization, pyknotic cells, and edema in the cochlear nucleus of exposed rats. Auditory brainstem response wave latencies did not differ between the exposed and control groups. The authors concluded that chronic electromagnetic field exposure may cause damage by leading to neuronal degeneration of the auditory system.
Wang D et al. · 2015
Exposure significantly reduced progressive sperm motility and viability and increased sperm head defects. Early apoptosis was higher after exposure, while DNA methylation of the H19 ICR and KvDMR1 imprinting genes did not change significantly.
Lerchl A et al. · 2015
Exposed animals had significantly more lung and liver tumors than sham-exposed controls. Lymphomas were also significantly elevated in exposed animals. No clear dose-response effect was observed.
Halgamuge MN. · 2015
Researchers measured radio frequency electric field levels from seven transmitters aboard a 40-metre, three-level marine ship at 12 different locations. A total of 528 electric field measurements were collected across three deck levels, with the lowest readings on the upper deck and the highest on the bridge roof. The ICNIRP and ARPANSA general-public limits were exceeded on the bridge roof, but occupational limits were respected everywhere.
