Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers tested PEMF (Physio-Stim®) on human bone marrow macrophages differentiated to osteoclasts. PEMF had striking inhibitory effects on osteoclast formation from both younger and older women. Gene expression changes were significantly greater in cells from older women. All identified genes were upregulated and were mesenchymal or osteoblastic genes including TGF-β pathway, extracellular matrix proteins, RANKL and osteoprotegerin. Researchers suggest PEMF inhibits osteoclast formation via action on osteoblasts and may be effective for bone mass maintenance in osteoporosis.
Fan W, Huang Z, Fan B · 2018
Researchers evaluated the antibacterial activity of prolonged exposure to moderate static magnetic field (170 mT) and its synergistic activity with alkaline pH (pH = 9) on Enterococcus faecalis. Biofilm formation was examined by crystal violet assay and gene expression of stress and virulence genes was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Cell proliferation was inhibited after 120 hours of SMF exposure alone. The combined SMF and alkaline pH treatment showed significantly improved antimicrobial action compared to single treatments after 24 and 72 hours respectively. Biofilm formation was enhanced under both SMF and alkaline pH treatments, and SMF up-regulated stress gene dnaK and virulence genes efaA and ace while combined exposure up-regulated additional genes groEL, gelE, and fsrC.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers irradiated peripheral blood cells from five donors with a continuous wave of 900 MHz RF-EMF for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min and evaluated gene expression changes with microarray analysis. After false discovery rate adjustment, no EMF-specific gene expression response was detected. Low-stringency analysis identified 483 statistically significant deregulated transcripts, but these were regarded as statistical artefacts due to the absence of a targeted biological response, and qRT-PCR of 14 candidate transcripts showed no correlation with microarray results.
Unknown authors · 2018
The study was carried out on 56 men (age range: 30-60 years old)in four treatment groups with n = 14 in each group, defined as no mobile phone use, 0-30 min/day, 30-60 min/day, and more than 60 min/day. Ear canal hair follicle cells taken from the subjects were analyzed by the Comet Assay to determine DNA damages, measuring head length, tail length, comet length, percentage of head DNA, tail DNA percentage, tail moment, and Olive tail moment. Results of the study showed that DNA damage indicators were higher in the RFR exposure groups than in the control subjects, and DNA damage increased with the daily duration of exposure.
Unknown authors · 2018
The study analyzed extremely low-frequency magnetic fields from 3163 datasets collected in 100 Australian houses across different geographical locations. Average geometric mean magnetic fields were 0.85 mG at beds, 1.39 mG in bedrooms, 0.39 mG at baby cots, 0.47 mG in children's play areas, and 0.30 mG in family rooms. Measurements showed considerable variation, with 21.83% of bed measurements and 33.33% of bedroom measurements exceeding 4 mG, and some emissions surpassed ICNIRP general public exposure limits. Away from electrical appliances, average fields in all rooms ranged from 0.30 to 1.39 mG. The authors suggest simple precautions can reduce exposure and propose their data collection model for future surveys.
Hardell L et al · 2018
Researchers measured RF radiation levels in an apartment close to two groups of mobile phone base stations on the roof. A total of 74,531 measurements were made corresponding to ~83 h of recording. The total mean RF radiation level was 3,811 µW/m2 with a range of 15.2 to 112,318 µW/m2 for the whole apartment including balconies. Particularly high levels were measured on three balconies and three of the four bedrooms. The mean RF radiation level decreased by 98% when down-links from the base stations for 2, 3 and 4 G were disregarded.
Vila J et al · 2018
Researchers conducted a multinational population-based case-control study (INTEROCC) with nearly 4000 cases and over 5000 controls to examine occupational RF and IF-EMF exposure in relation to glioma and meningioma risk. Individual cumulative exposure indices for RF and IF-EMF were assigned using a source-exposure matrix and detailed interview data on work with or near EMF sources. About 10% of participants were exposed to RF and 1% to IF-EMF; no clear positive associations were found, though the highest recent RF magnetic field exposure yielded odds ratios of 1.62 for glioma and 1.52 for meningioma, with confidence intervals including 1.
Consales C et al. · 2018
The study used SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells stably over-expressing wild-type, G93A, or H46R mutant SOD1. Cells were exposed to 50-Hz, 1 mT ELF-MF or sham control for up to 72 hours. Exposure caused no change in proliferation, viability, or reactive oxygen species, but significantly deregulated iron-related genes IRP1, MFRN1, and TfR1 only in SOD1G93A cells, with a slight difference in total iron content (p = .0512).
Ikeda K, Nakamura K. · 2018
The cross-sectional study included 2,785 high school students in Niigata, Japan. Mean mobile phone use was 24 hours per week with a median of 18 hours. Longer mobile phone use was associated with female students, no sports club participation, early mobile phone use, and fewer hours of sleep. Overall associations between hours of mobile phone use and mood scores were significant for depressed mood, tension and excitement, and fatigue.
Lozano-Soto E et al. · 2018
In a sham-controlled double-blind crossover study, tSMS was applied for 10 minutes with a cylindrical magnet on the occiput of 20 healthy subjects. Researchers assessed subjective discomfort induced by low-intensity and high-intensity visual stimuli in a dark room before, during and after tSMS or sham. Compared to sham, tSMS significantly reduced the discomfort induced by high-intensity light stimuli.
Kirimoto H et al. · 2018
Researchers applied transcranial static magnetic field stimulation or sham over the primary motor and somatosensory cortices in 18 healthy volunteers for 15 minutes. They recorded evoked potentials before, immediately after, and 10 minutes after stimulation. The evoked potential amplitude was significantly reduced immediately after stimulation over the primary motor cortex, but not after stimulation over the somatosensory cortex or sham.
Dileone M, Mordillo-Mateos L, Oliviero A, Foffani G. · 2018
The study comprised 5 experiments in 45 healthy subjects. 30-minute tSMS decreased motor evoked potential amplitude compared to sham for at least 30 minutes after stimulation ended. This long-lasting effect was associated with increased short-interval intracortical facilitation and reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition. 10-minute tSMS produced opposite changes in intracortical excitability, decreasing short-interval intracortical facilitation while increasing short-interval intracortical inhibition.
Piccinetti CC et al. · 2018
Researchers evaluated the biological effects of 100 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on zebrafish embryos using a multidisciplinary protocol. The 100 MHz EMF affected zebrafish embryonic development from 24 to 72 hours post-fertilization across all analyzed pathways. At 48 hours post-fertilization, reduced growth, increased oxidative stress gene transcription, apoptotic and autophagic processes, and modified cholesterol metabolism were detected. By 72 hours post-fertilization, embryos partially recovered from stress and reached hatching time comparable to controls.
Ertilav K, Uslusoy F, Ataizi S, Nazıroğlu M. · 2018
Twenty-four adult rats were divided into control, 900 MHz, and 1800 MHz exposure groups. Each experimental group was exposed to electromagnetic radiation for 60 minutes per day, five days per week, for one year. Both frequencies increased TRPV1 currents, calcium influx, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, apoptosis, and caspase 3 and 9 activities in the hippocampus and dorsal root ganglion. The 1800 MHz exposure produced greater increases in these measures than the 900 MHz exposure.
Akimoto T et al. · 2018
An AMF at 280 kHz and 250 Arms for 30 minutes significantly enhanced Compound C cytotoxicity and promoted apoptosis in human GB cell lines. The AMF also increased Compound C-induced cell-cycle arrest at the G2 phase and inhibited cell proliferation. The AMF increased Compound C-induced reactive oxygen species production. The AMF decreased ERK phosphorylation and suppressed protective autophagy induced by Compound C.
Kimsa-Dudek M et al. · 2018
Researchers evaluated how simultaneous exposure to fluoride and a static magnetic field from permanent magnets affects the expression of antioxidant defense genes in human fibroblasts. They used control fibroblasts and fluoride-treated fibroblasts exposed to a static magnetic field with moderate induction, analyzing gene expression with an oligonucleotide microarray. Fluoride ions caused oxidative stress in the cells. Exposure to a static magnetic field with moderate induction normalized the expression of five antioxidant defense genes (SOD1, PLK3, CLN8, XPA, HAO1) that were altered by fluoride.
Qureshi MRA, Alfadhl Y, Chen X, Peyman A, Maslanyj M, Mann S · 2018
Lasalvia M et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood lympho-monocytes in a reverberation chamber to 1.8 GHz electromagnetic fields at 200 V/m for times ranging from 1 to 20 hours. Some exposed cells took on an enlarged and deformed shape, and Raman spectra of the nuclear compartment showed reductions in DNA backbone-linked vibrational modes. After 20 hours of exposure, resting oxygen consumption rate increased and was coupled to a significant increase of the FoF1-ATP synthase-related oxygen consumption. The researchers suggested that adaptive mechanisms, likely via redox signaling, may compensate for early impairments of the oxidative phosphorylation system caused by EMF exposure.
Laszlo AM et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed turkeys to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz; 10 μT) for 3 weeks and then observed the birds for a 5-week regeneration period without exposure. Norepinephrine-activated β-adrenoceptor function decreased in the treated birds in a time-dependent manner, while toxicological parameters in the serum showed no differences compared to normal ranges. The decreased β-adrenoceptor function was compensated by the homeostatic complex during the 5-wk regeneration period.
Sun L, Chen L, Bai L, Xia Y, Yang X, Jiang W, Sun W. · 2018
Researchers exposed human amnion epithelial (FL) cells to a 50-Hz magnetic field and investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in magnetic-field-induced clustering of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). When cells were pretreated with ROS scavengers NAC or PDTC before exposure, both the ROS-related effects and the EGFR clustering were inhibited. The researchers concluded that ROS mediates magnetic-field-induced EGFR clustering via ASMase activation.
Medina-Fernandez FJ et al. · 2018
Researchers studied the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), natalizumab, dimethyl fumarate, and dexamethasone on Dark Agouti rats given a single dose of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). MOG triggered a significant increase in clinical score and in levels of lipid peroxides and carbonylated proteins, but reduced the GSH/GSSG ratio in brain, spinal cord and blood. Both TMS and the clinical treatments decreased the changes caused by MOG, with TMS doing so more significantly.
Errico Provenzano A et al. · 2018
Researchers studied the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the differentiation process of acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells that were also treated with ATRA. The NB4 cells used were a cell line established from the bone marrow of a patient affected by acute promyelocytic leukemia. ELF-EMF exposure decreased cellular proliferation potential and helped ATRA-treated NB4 cells to mature. The results indicated that ELF-EMF exposure promotes ATRA-induced granulocytic differentiation of these leukemia cells.
Budziosz J et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 50 Hz, intensity of 10 kV/m, and magnetic induction of 4.3 pT for 22 hours a day to evaluate oxidative stress in central nervous system structures. Mean malondialdehyde levels and total oxidant status in the CNS structures did not differ significantly between the experimental and control groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities in brain structure homogenates were decreased, with the exception of frontal cortex catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hippocampal glutathione reductase.
Unknown authors · 2017
Decreases in sleep duration among U.S. adolescents 2009-2015 & association with new media screen time Twenge JM et al. · 2017
Researchers used yearly nationally representative surveys from Monitoring the Future and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, totaling 369,595 adolescents. The study examined changes in self-reported sleep duration between 2009 and 2015. Adolescents in 2015 were 16%-17% more likely to report sleeping less than 7 hours a night compared to 2009, with short sleep prevalence rising from 35% to 41% and from 37% to 43%. New media screen time increased and was associated with higher odds of short sleep, with a clear exposure-response relationship for electronic devices after two or more hours per day. Other activities such as homework, paid work, and TV watching were stable or declined, making them unlikely causes of the sleep decrease.
