Grémiaux A et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed small rose bush plants to high-frequency electromagnetic fields and followed shoot growth for over a one-month period after exposure. Shoots that arose from post-formed secondary buds showed delayed and significantly reduced growth of 45%, while shoots from pre-formed buds and plants exposed at the 5-leaf stage showed no growth modification. The measured plant energy uptake suggested this biological response was likely not due to a thermal effect.
Jankowska M et al. · 2015
Researchers assumed that exposure to ELF-EMF would change the effects of a scorpion alpha toxin called LqhαIT on cockroach nerve function and on whole insects. Experiments were performed in vivo on cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) and in vitro on isolated cockroach abdominal nerve cord with cerci. The exposure to ELF-EMF modified the effects of LqhαIT on activity of the cercal nerve and of the connective nerve, with a decrease in the toxin effect on the cercal nerve but an increase on the connective nerve. Biotests showed that toxicity of LqhαIT on cockroaches was reduced by the exposure to ELF-EMF at 0.7 and 7 mT.
Wang X et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed Neuro-2a cells to 900 MHz GSM signals at specific absorption rates of 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 W/kg for 24 hours, with or without silencing of the DNA repair enzyme OGG1. Without OGG1 silencing, 2 W/kg RF-EMFs induced oxidative DNA base damage, and with OGG1 silencing, damage was observed at exposures as low as 1 W/kg. Increases in oxidative DNA base damage were accompanied by similar increases in reactive oxygen species, but neither DNA strand breakage nor altered cell viability was observed.
Marjanovic AM, Pavicic I, Trosic I, · 2015
Researchers evaluated the influence of a modulated radiofrequency field of 1800 MHz, strength of 30 V/m on oxidation-reduction processes within the cell. V79 cell line samples were irradiated for 10, 30, and 60 minutes, with a specific absorption rate calculated to be 1.6 W/kg. ROS levels significantly increased after 10 minutes of exposure, then decreased after 30 minutes, which researchers associated with antioxidant defence mechanism activation. Metabolic activity and total protein content in exposed cells did not differ significantly from control samples.
Liu Q, Si T, Xu X, Liang F, Wang L, Pan S. · 2015
Rats were exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation at a specific absorption rate of 0.66 ± 0.01 W/kg for 2 h/d, and sperm were examined after 50 days. The percentage of apoptotic sperm cells in the exposure group was significantly increased by 91.42% compared with the control group. Reactive oxygen species concentration in the exposure group was increased by 46.21%, while total antioxidant capacity was decreased by 28.01%. Radiation also decreased the protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2 and increased that of bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-3.
Patruno A, Tabrez S, Pesce M, Shakil S, Kamal MA, Reale M · 2015
Researchers evaluated the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on catalase, cytochrome P450, and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and protein expression in the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. A significant modulation of iNOS, CAT, and cytochrome P450 protein expression was recorded in both stimulated and non-stimulated cell lines following ELF-EMF exposure. Changes in the kinetic parameters of these enzymes in response to ELF-EMF indicated an interaction between ELF-EMF and the enzymological system.
Zuo H et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed differentiated PC12 cells to continuous microwave radiation at 2.856 GHz for 5 minutes with an average power density of 30 mW/cm2. After exposure, RKIP was downregulated while the MEK/ERK/CREB signaling pathway was activated excessively. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax decreased, caspase-3 activity increased, and apoptotic DNA fragmentation increased. The researchers suggested that RKIP may act as a key regulator of neuronal damage caused by microwave radiation.
Lee D, Lee J, Lee I. · 2015
Researchers tracked the movement of 10 pairs of guppies and 15 pairs of zebrafish in a fish tank under a cell phone-generated RF EMF. Fish locomotion was observed under normal conditions, in the visual presence of a cell phone, after feeding, and under starvation. Fish locomotor behavior was random both in normal conditions and in the presence of an off-signaled cell phone, but there were significant changes in locomotion after feeding under the RF EMF. The researchers also demonstrated that temperature elevation caused by the cell phone was not relevant to the observed effects.
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed transfected rat primary cells to static magnetic fields of 1 to 440 mT for 16, 24, or 48 hours starting at 24 and 48 hours post-transfection. Heat shock protein (HSP70) expression was measured via a promoter-linked luciferase reporter for up to 96 hours. Expression showed a dependence on flux density, exposure duration, and start time post-transfection. A nonlinear response yielded a maximum 3.5-fold increase in expression for 48 hours of exposure starting 48 hours after transfection. The enhancement was similar in magnitude to that from electric fields but avoided clinical complications.
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells to static magnetic fields alone or combined with 5 and 10 MHz RF magnetic fields. Cell numbers decreased by up to 30% on Day 2 with the 10 MHz RF field combined with static field compared to static field alone. Hydrogen peroxide production increased by 55% after 8 hours of exposure to the 10 MHz RF field.
Unknown authors · 2014
Unknown authors · 2014
Human bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells were exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 1 mT for 8 days. The hBM-MSC derived neurons were then analyzed by immunofluorescence and quantitative RT-PCR. Researchers analyzed the transcriptome of neuronal cells after an 8-day ELF-EMF exposure (50 Hz, 1 mT) and compared the transcriptional profiles to control cells. Early growth response protein 1 (Egr1) is one of the key transcription factors in ELF-EMF-induced neuronal differentiation. Transplantations of ELF-EMF-induced neurons significantly alleviate symptoms in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease.
Ma Q et al · 2014
Researchers exposed primary cultured embryonic neural stem cells to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at various magnetic intensities and exposure times. Cell proliferation showed no significant change across multiple assays including viability, DNA synthesis, neurosphere size, cell cycle, and cell-cycle gene transcripts. During differentiation, 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 2 mT for 3 days down-regulated Sox2 and up-regulated Math1, Math3, Ngn1, and Tuj1 mRNA levels. However, the percentages of neurons and astrocytes did not change as measured by immunofluorescence.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells to a 2mT, 50 Hz magnetic field for 3 h. Proteomics analysis using 2D electrophoresis and bioinformatics showed that expression of 189 proteins changed in exposed cells relative to control. PCA analysis confirmed that protein data clustered according to experimental conditions.
Huang CY et al · 2014
Researchers tested whether 1.5 mT, 60 Hz ELF-EMFs affect primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes as they did HaCaT cells in a prior study. ELF-EMFs exerted no effects on cell growth, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, or ATM signaling pathway activation in NHEK cells. The two epidermal keratinocyte types responded differently to ELF-EMFs, confirming cell type-specific biological effects.
Grant DN et al · 2014
The study investigated the effects of ELF-EMFs on acellular tissue constructs with and without gold nanoparticles. Researchers conjugated 20 nm and 100 nm gold nanoparticles to acellular porcine tissue, seeded L929 murine fibroblasts, and exposed them to a continuous 12 gauss, 60 Hz field for two hours daily up to ten days. Scanning electron microscopy and cell culture assays were used to assess cell proliferation and viability. ELF-EMF stimulation significantly increased cell proliferation. The presence of gold nanoparticles did not boost the stimulatory effect but they demonstrated higher proliferation rates from day 3 to day 10, and unstimulated 100 nm gold nanoparticle constructs had significantly higher proliferation than unstimulated crosslinked constructs.
Unknown authors · 2014
Vagdatli E et al. · 2014
Rougier C, Prorot A, Chazal P, Leveque P, Leprat P · 2014
Researchers investigated the effects of 2.45 GHz microwave exposure on Escherichia coli cell membranes while maintaining the suspension at an average temperature of 37°C. No effect was detected with conventional heating or 200 W exposure, but membrane integrity was slightly altered at powers from 400 to 2000 W. Thermal characterization indicated the temperature reached was not high enough to explain the membrane changes, suggesting a power-dependent electromagnetic threshold effect. Exposures were discontinuous to keep the average temperature at 37°C, and effects were measured using flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining and intracellular protein release.
Mattei E, Censi F, Triventi M, Calcagnini G · 2014
The study evaluated electromagnetic interference potential and immunity of ten implantable pacemakers from five manufacturers tested in vitro with Wi-Fi signals. The exposure setup reproduced the IEEE 802.11b/g protocol and amplified the Wi-Fi signal to power levels higher than allowed by international regulation. None of the tested pacemakers showed any performance degradation even when exposed to radiofrequency field levels five times higher than the regulatory limit. The researchers concluded that Wi-Fi devices do not pose EMI risks to implantable pacemakers and that modern pacemaker immunity is much higher than the transmitting power of RF devices operating at 2.4 GHz.
Lee SS, Kim HR, Kim MS, Park S, Yoon ES, Park SH, Kim DW. · 2014
Researchers exposed adipose-derived stem cells to smartphone Wi-Fi signals for 10 hours a day over 5 days. The study used two control groups grown at 37°C and 39°C and measured cell proliferation, apoptosis, flow cytometry, and three growth factors. No harmful effects were found, but proliferation increased in Wi-Fi-exposed and 39°C groups compared to 37°C controls, possibly due to thermal effects.
Hsu MH et al. · 2014
Researchers conducted a population-based study using cancer registry data from 2000 to 2009 and cell phone user statistics from the National Communication Commission. The National Cancer Registry recorded 4 incidences and 4 deaths due to malignant neoplasms in Taiwan during 2000-2009. Ten years of observational data showed no significant effect of intensive cell phone use on the incidence rate or mortality of malignant brain tumors in Taiwan. The authors concluded they detected no correlation between cell phone use and malignant brain tumor morbidity or mortality in Taiwan.
Khalil AM, Abu Khadra KM, Aljaberi AM, Gagaa MH, Issa HS. · 2014
The study aimed to examine oxidant and antioxidant status in saliva of cell phone users by collecting samples before and after 15- and 30-minute calls. Saliva was analyzed for malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-dG, and antioxidant capacities using ORAC and HORAC assays. Mean 8-oxo-dG and protein concentrations peaked at 15 minutes, while HORAC, ORAC, and MDA levels increased progressively and reached maximum at 30 minutes. Talking time had no significant effect on 8-oxo-dG, MDA, ORAC, or HORAC levels. The authors concluded that there is no relationship between radiofrequency radiation exposure and changes in the salivary oxidant/antioxidant profile.
