EMF Research Studies

Use of High Frequency Electromagnetic Waves in the Study of Thermogenesis

T. R. A. Davis, J. Mayer · 1954

LOCAL EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON TISSUES IN THE ALBINO RAT

Leonard Essman, Charles S. Wise · 1950

1950 MHz Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Inhibits Testosterone Secretion of Mouse Leydig Cells

Unknown authors · 1950

Researchers exposed mouse Leydig (TM3) cells to 1950 MHz RF radiation at a specific absorption rate of 3 W/kg for 24 hours. They measured cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, testosterone levels, and StAR and P450scc mRNA expression at multiple time points up to 5 days after exposure. After 24 hours of exposure, cell proliferation, testosterone secretion, and P450scc mRNA levels decreased, while apoptosis, ROS, and StAR mRNA levels did not change significantly.

EFFECT OF DIATHERMY (SHORT WAVE AND MICROWAVE) ON BONE GROWTH IN THE ALBINO RAT

CHARLES S. WISE, BENJAMIN CASTLEMAN, ARTHUR L. WATKINS · 1949

Testicular Degeneration as a Result of Microwave Irradiation

C. J. Imig, J. D. Thomson, H. M. Hines · 1948

Effect of ultra high frequency waves on temperature of small laboratory animals

de Seguin L., Castelain G. · 1947

THE ACTION OF SHORT RADIO WAVES ON TISSUES - II. TREATMENT OF ANIMAL TUMOURS IN VIVO

FRANK DICKENS, STANLEY F. EVANS, HANS WEIL-MALHERBE · 1937

THE ACTION OF CURRENTS OF VERY HIGH FREQUENCY UPON TISSUE CELLS

J. W. Schereschewsky · 1928

OBSERVATIONS OF RAT FETUSES AFTER IRRADIATION WITH 2.45 GHz (CW) MICROWAVES

Unknown authors

Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 2.45 GHz continuous-wave microwaves at 28 mW/cm² for 100 minutes daily from days 6 to 15 of pregnancy. The study included 67 sham-irradiated and 70 irradiated females, resulting in 64 and 66 pregnancies respectively. No significant differences were found in pregnancy rates, litter size, or the incidence of external, visceral, or skeletal anomalies between the groups. In a separate experiment, 35% of adult rats exposed to 40 mW/cm² died from hyperthermia.

VIGILANCE BEHAVIOR IN RATS EXPOSED TO 1.28 GHZ MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

Unknown authors

Eight male hooded rats performed a vigilance task pressing two levers for tones and food pellets during 40-minute sessions in Styrofoam boxes located in the far zone region of a horn in an anechoic chamber. After stable responding, they were exposed to 1.28 GHz microwaves pulsed at 380 pps with 2 µsec pulses at power densities from 0 to 15 mW/cm². At 15 mW/cm² all eight rats showed decreased observing lever response rates, with some ceasing responding, but most adapted by the third exposure. Seven rats decreased response rates at 10 mW/cm² and three showed disruption at 5.5 mW/cm², while other behavioral indices were less sensitive.

IN VITRO STUDY OF MICROWAVE EFFECTS ON CALCIUM EFFLUX IN RAT BRAIN TISSUE

Unknown authors

Control samples were processed identically without microwave power applied. The authors concluded that low power density pulsed microwave energy does not significantly alter calcium efflux.

EFFECTS OF LOW POWER MICROWAVES ON THE LOCAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW OF CONSCIOUS RATS

Unknown authors

Researchers measured local cerebral blood flow in multiple brain regions of conscious rats using a radioactive iodoantipyrine technique. Rats were exposed for 30 minutes to pulsed microwaves at 1 mW/cm² or 15 mW/cm² average power density, or sham exposure. Both exposure levels increased blood flow by 10 to 144 percent in 16 of 20 regions, with the largest significant increases in the pineal, hypothalamus, and temporal cortex at 1 mW/cm² and in the pineal, temporal cortex, inferior colliculus, and medial geniculate at 15 mW/cm².

IMMUNOLOGIC AND HEMATOPOIETIC ALTERATIONS BY 2450 MHZ RADIATION

Unknown authors

MICROWAVE EFFECTS ON ENERGY LEVELS OF BRAIN AND MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMOR

Unknown authors

MICROWAVE-INDUCED INCREASE OF WATER AND CONDUCTIVITY IN SUBMAXILLARY SALIVARY GLAND OF RATS

Unknown authors

Effect of low-level microwave irradiation on the uptake of horseradish peroxidase by synaptosomes

Unknown authors

EFFECTS OF HIGH STRENGTH 60 HZ ELECTRIC FIELDS ON MYELINATION OF THE OPTIC CHIASM

Unknown authors

The optic chiasm was removed from two groups of 14-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats, one exposed to a 60 Hz 20 kV/m electric field from birth and the other sham-exposed under field-free conditions. The chiasms were sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and coded for blind analysis. Myelin sheath area was measured using a light microscope and a Zeiss MOP-2 Digitizer, and group means were compared with a two-tailed t-test.

The Effect of Microwaves (2450 MHz) on the Immune System in Mice. II. Functional Studies

Wieslaw Wiktor-Jedrzejczak et al.

LOW LEVEL MICROWAVE EFFECTS ON THE TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY OF PREGNANT RATS

W.D. Travers, R.J. Vetter

Researchers randomly assigned pregnant rats to six groups and exposed them daily for 15 days to 0, 5, or 25 mW/cm² of 2450 MHz microwave radiation for 10 or 20 minutes. Blood samples were taken before exposure on day 5 and on days 10, 15, and 20 of pregnancy to measure serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, and total iron binding capacity. Total iron binding capacity increased with higher power densities, and significant differences were found between power densities, sampling days, and exposure durations. Rats exposed to 25 mW/cm² for 20 minutes showed a statistically significant increase in total iron binding capacity, while control and low-exposure groups initially dropped.

GROWTH OF RATS AND MICE EXPOSED TO 60-HZ ELECTRIC FIELDS

Unknown authors

Researchers conducted eight experiments exposing juvenile and young adult rats and young adult mice to 60-Hz electric fields at 100 kV/m for 30 or 120 days. They measured body and organ weights, food and water consumption, metabolic rates, hormone levels, liver composition, bone growth, and blood chemistry. No reproducible significant differences were found in rats, and mice showed essentially the same parameters between exposed and sham-exposed groups.

DRUG STUDIES OF MWR EFFECTS ON THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER

Unknown authors

Researchers exposed rats to 1.3 GHz pulse-modulated microwave radiation for 3 hours daily over 2-3 weeks at SARs ranging from 0 to 2.6 mW/g. After exposure, they measured the time to loss of righting reflex following barbital injection and found no significant differences between exposed and control rats at SARs of 0.42, 0.96, and 2.6 mW/g. In a separate experiment, rats exposed at 2.6 mW/g for two weeks were injected with dopamine and tested on an open field; although defecation was more frequent in exposed rats, no significant differences in motor activity were observed.

MODIFICATION OF TAIL PINCH CONSUMMATORY BEHAVIOR BY MICROWAVE ENERGY EXPOSURE

Unknown authors

Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats averaging 293.7 grams were randomly assigned to three groups. Two groups were exposed to continuous wave microwave energy at 1200 mHz, one at 50 µW/cm² and the other at 125 µW/cm², while a third group received sham exposure. All rats were tested once a day for eight days using a double-blind procedure, and gnawing time, licking time, and total tail pinch time were recorded. Exposed rats showed significantly different response patterns from sham-exposed rats, while the exposed groups responded similarly.

STUDIES ON MICROWAVE AND BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER INTERACTIONS

Unknown authors

Evans blue dye was injected either intracarotidally or intravenously to detect barrier opening. Microwave exposure produced no Evans blue staining in the brain except in the pineal body, pituitary gland, and choroid plexus, which lack a barrier. One brain exposed to 5 mW/cm2 and another brain exposed to 40 mW/cm2 showed unilateral hemispherical staining in several brain regions after intracarotid dye injection.

ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE IN RATS EXPOSED TO 1.29 GHZ MICROWAVES

Unknown authors

Male Long-Evans rats were exposed to 1.29 GHz pulsed microwave radiation at 15 mW/cm² for 90 minutes in an anechoic chamber. The authors concluded that adrenocortical function is stimulated at a lower power density at 1.29 GHz than previously observed at 2.45 GHz.

Attempts to Cue Successful Escape From A Highly Intense Microwave Field by Photic Stimulation

Unknown authors

Researchers exposed groups of hooded rats to a 918-MHz microwave field at 60 mW/g and tested escape learning under four conditions. Escape was reinforced by immediate cessation of radiation when the rat entered a safe area, while a control group received faradic shock cessation. Rats given foot shock learned to escape rapidly, and rats with microwave cessation paired with a light cue also learned but more slowly. Rats exposed to microwave alone showed weak learning after 15 trials but did not differ statistically from rats that received only light cessation.