Krause CM et al. · 2006
Researchers collected EEG data from 15 children aged 10 to 14 years while they performed an auditory memory task with and without exposure to a 902 MHz mobile phone in counterbalanced order. During memory encoding, the active mobile phone modulated event-related desynchronization and synchronization responses in the approximately 4 to 8 Hz EEG frequencies. During recognition, the active mobile phone transformed brain oscillatory responses in the approximately 4 to 8 Hz and approximately 15 Hz frequencies.
Kim SC, Nam KC, Kim DW. · 2006
The model used parameters such as daily usage time, total usage period, hands-free usage, antenna extension, phone SAR, and flip or folder type. The estimated exposure levels could allow epidemiologists to divide subjects into exposed and nonexposed groups for future brain cancer studies, provided more knowledge about usage patterns and exposure is available.
Keshvari J, Keshvari R, Lang S. · 2006
Keetley V, Wood AW, Spong J, Stough C. · 2006
The study compared the performance of 120 volunteers on eight neuropsychological tests during real or sham exposure to a digital mobile phone at maximum permissible radiofrequency power output. Results were adjusted for gender, age, and education, revealing several alterations at p<0.05. Simple and choice reaction times showed strong evidence of impairment. Trail Making Task performance improved, supporting the hypothesis that digital mobile phone radiofrequency emissions improve the speed of processing of information held in working memory.
Horberry T, Anderson J, Regan MA, Triggs TJ, Brown J. · 2006
The two tasks were operating the vehicle entertainment system and conducting a simulated hands-free mobile phone conversation. Both tasks degraded overall driving performance, degraded responses to hazards, and increased subjective workload. Performance decrements occurred in both simple and complex highway environments and across age groups. Older drivers traveled at lower mean speeds in the complex highway environment compared with younger drivers.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2006
Two case-control studies on malignant brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003 included answers from 905 cases and 2,162 controls aged 20-80 years, and the results were pooled. Cumulative lifetime use exceeding 2,000 hours yielded odds ratios of 5.9 for analogue cellular phones, 3.7 for digital cellular phones, and 2.3 for cordless phones. Ipsilateral exposure increased the risk for malignant brain tumours with odds ratios of 2.1 for analogue, 1.8 for digital, and 1.7 for cordless phones. For high-grade astrocytoma with more than 10 years latency, analogue phones yielded an odds ratio of 2.7, digital phones 3.8, and cordless phones 2.2.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2006
Researchers conducted a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on benign brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003, including 1,254 cases and 2,162 controls aged 20-80 years. For acoustic neuroma, analogue cellular phones gave an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI 2.0-4.3), digital phones an odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.1), and cordless phones an odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI 1.04-2.0). For meningioma, the odds ratios were 1.3 (95% CI 0.99-1.7) for analogue phones, 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.3) for digital phones, and 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.4) for cordless phones.
Hardell, L., Carlberg, M., Mild, K., 2005. · 2006
Researchers conducted a case-control study of cellular and cordless telephone use and malignant brain tumors diagnosed from 2000 to 2003, including 317 cases and 692 controls. Analog phone use had an odds ratio of 2.6, increasing to 3.5 after a latency period exceeding ten years. Cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 2.1, increasing to 2.9 after a latency period exceeding ten years. The odds ratio increased with cumulative hours of use and was highest for high-grade astrocytoma.
Hamann W, Abou-Sherif S, Thompson S, Hall S. · 2006
Researchers applied pulsed radiofrequency (20 ms of 500-kHz RF pulses at 2 Hz, max 42°C) to the sciatic nerve or L4 anterior primary ramus in adult rats. Controls included sham-operated and L4 axotomised rats, and tissues were examined 14 days later. Axotomy upregulated ATF3 in L4 DRG neurons regardless of size. PRF applied near the DRG significantly and selectively increased ATF3 in small and medium neurons, while PRF applied to the sciatic nerve in mid-thigh caused no obvious changes.
Ferreri F et al. · 2006
Fifteen male volunteers participated in two sessions one week apart with real or sham GSM mobile phone exposure for 45 minutes in a cross-over, double-blind design. Motor evoked potentials were recorded using a paired-pulse paradigm before and after exposure to assess intracortical excitability. Real exposure significantly modified the intracortical excitability curve with reduced short intracortical inhibition and enhanced intracortical facilitation in the exposed hemisphere compared to the non-exposed hemisphere or sham exposure. Tympanic temperature showed no significant changes during exposure.
Ferreira AR et al. · 2006
Researchers used the micronucleus assay to assess chromosomal damage in erythrocytes from rat offspring exposed to non-thermal UHF-EMF from a cellular phone during embryogenesis. The irradiated group showed a significant increase in micronuclei occurrence. No significant differences were found in any oxidative parameter of offspring blood and liver. The average number of pups in each litter was not significantly altered.
Fayos-Fernandez J et al. · 2006
The study examined how metallic objects attached or pierced to the ear interact with mobile phone antennas and a human head. Simulated and measured results indicate that wearing metallic objects close to the radiation source may increase peak SAR averaged values. Researchers used a quasi-half-wavelength dipole with the DASY4 system and tested two head models: a homogeneous sphere and a three-level model with four tissue types.
Faucon G, Le Bouquin Jeannes R, Maby E. · 2006
Nine healthy subjects and six temporal epileptic patients were exposed to radiofrequencies emitted by a GSM mobile phone while EEG signals were recorded with surface electrodes. For healthy subjects, EEG spectral energy decreased on the studied frequency band [0-40 Hz] and more precisely on occipital electrodes for the alpha-band. For epileptic patients, modifications were demonstrated by an increase of the power spectral density of the EEG signal. The authors noted that these biological effects on the EEG are not sufficient to put forward an electrophysiological hypothesis.
Esen F, Esen H · 2006
Researchers examined how cellular phone electromagnetic fields affect evoked neuronal activity related to electrodermal activity, an index of sympathetic nervous system activity. Exposure lengthened skin resistance response latency by approximately 200 ms regardless of which side of the head the phone was placed. The hemispheric asymmetry of the EDA-2 pathway, shown by shorter latency in the right hand of right-hand responders, was also distorted.
Erogul O et al. · 2006
Researchers enrolled 27 men and divided each semen sample into two parts, exposing one to 900 MHz cellular phone radiation. Exposure caused a subtle decrease in rapid and slow progressive sperm movement and an increase in non-motile sperm. Sperm concentration did not differ significantly between exposed and unexposed samples.
Eliyahu I et al. · 2006
Thirty-six healthy right-handed men performed four cognitive tasks under right-side, left-side, and sham exposure conditions. The study used a standard GSM phone at 890 MHz operated at full power via a base station simulator. Left-side exposure slowed left-hand response time in the later experimental period, an effect seen in three of four tasks but highly significant in only one. The exposure intensity and duration exceeded typical cell phone user exposure.
de Salles AA, Bulla G, Rodriguez CE. · 2006
Researchers simulated Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in adult and child head models using the Finite Difference Time Domain method at 850 MHz and 1850 MHz. They used realistic head models with fitted electromagnetic parameters and tested microstrip and quarter-wavelength monopole antennas. The 1g-SAR for children was higher than for adults, exceeding 60% higher in the 10-year-old model. Results were compared with international recommendations.
Dawe AS et al. · 2006
The study compared heat-shock gene expression in nematodes exposed to 1.0 GHz microwaves at 0.5 W in copper and silver-plated TEM cells. In copper cells, exposed samples were up to 0.2°C warmer than sham controls, and a 20% increase in reporter expression was observed. The authors concluded that the original non-thermal interpretation cannot be sustained and at least part of the effect is thermal.
Copty AB, Neve-Oz Y, Barak I, Golosovsky M, Davidov D. · 2006
Researchers compared the effects of microwave irradiation and conventional heating on the fluorescence of solution-based green fluorescent protein. Both microwave irradiation and conventional heating decreased fluorescence intensity and red-shifted the spectrum. The microwave-induced fluorescence changes could not be explained by heating alone.
Cooper TG, Mann SM, Khalid M, Blackwell RP. · 2006
The study assessed exposures of the general public to radio waves near 20 randomly selected GSM microcell and picocell base stations in the UK against ICNIRP guidelines. Exposures were generally in the range 0.002% to 2% of the ICNIRP general public reference level, with the greatest exposure quotient near any base station being 8.6%. Exposures close to microcell base stations were generally greater than those close to macrocell base stations.
Christ A, Samaras T, Klingenböck A, Kuster N. · 2006
The study investigated electromagnetic near-field absorption in layered biological tissue from 30 MHz to 6000 MHz. Two effects can increase SAR in layered tissue versus homogeneous liquid: standing wave effects at larger distances depending on frequency and fat thickness, and high local skin absorption from reactive E-fields in the very close near-field. A conservative exposure estimate can be obtained by applying a multiplication factor of 1 to 3 to current dosimetric values.
Calcagnini G et al. · 2006
Malfunctions occurred in 6 of 8 volumetric pumps and 1 of 4 syringe pumps when exposed to phones at maximum output at distances up to 30 cm. The maximum power that did not cause any malfunction at zero distance was 50 mW at 900 MHz and 2.5 mW at 1,800 MHz. The authors noted that moderate-good base station coverage would significantly reduce interference risk in state-of-the-art pumps.
Burch JB et al. · 2006
Researchers quantified RF exposures among 280 residents living near Denver broadcast transmitters. RF power densities were measured outside and inside homes, and GPS and GIS view-shed models characterized distance, elevation, and transmitter visibility. Over a 2.5-day period, mean residential RF levels did not differ overall, but RF levels varied considerably among some homes. After a 1- to 2-year follow-up, only 25% of exterior and 38% of interior RF measurements remained unchanged. Homes with more than 50% of transmitters visible at distances of 1-3 km had exterior RF measurements 13-30 times greater than homes with less visibility.
Berg G et al. · 2006
A population-based case-control study included 381 meningioma cases, 366 glioma cases, and 1,494 controls aged 30 to 69 years in three German regions from 2000 to 2003. Researchers built an exposure matrix from computer-assisted personal interviews and defined high exposure as potentially exceeding ICNIRP public limits. Adjusted odds ratios for high exposure were 1.21 (95% CI: 0.69, 2.13) for glioma and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.64, 2.81) for meningioma, indicating no significant association.
Beede KE, Kass SJ. · 2006
Thirty-six college students with a median of 6 years of driving experience completed a driving history questionnaire and four simulated driving scenarios. The distraction tasks consisted of responding to a signal detection task and engaging in a simulated cell phone conversation. Driving performance was measured in four categories: traffic violations, driving maintenance, attention lapses, and response time. Performance was significantly impacted in all four categories when drivers were concurrently talking on a hands-free phone.
