Schmid MR et al. · 2012
Thirty young healthy men were exposed, at weekly intervals, for 30 minutes directly before an 8-hour sleep period to a 900-MHz RF EMF pulse-modulated at 14 Hz, at 217 Hz, or to a sham control. EEG power in the spindle frequency range was increased during non-rapid eye movement sleep after the 14-Hz pulse-modulated condition, while a similar but non-significant increase was also observed after the 217-Hz condition. No clear exposure-related effects on cognitive performance were seen, and the exposure-induced effect showed considerable individual variability.
Nittby H et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed 29 land snails of the strain Helix pomatia to GSM electromagnetic fields at 1900 MHz at 48 mW/kg for 1 hour each, while 29 snails served as sham controls. Before and after exposure, snails were placed on a hot plate and the time until they retracted was measured by two blinded observers. GSM-exposed snails were less sensitive to thermal pain compared to sham controls, indicating a significant analgesia (Mann-Whitney p < 0.001).
Maskey D, Kim HJ, Kim HG, Kim MJ. · 2012
Researchers exposed mice to 835 MHz radiofrequency at SAR values of 1.6 W/kg and 4.0 W/kg for one month to study effects in the hippocampus. Compared with a sham control group, both exposed groups showed decreased calbindin D28-k and calretinin, loss of immunoreactive cells, and increased GFAP with hypertrophic cytoplasmic processes. The group exposed at 4.0 W/kg showed a more prominent decrease in calbindin and calretinin, and more prominent GFAP immunoreactivity, than the group exposed at 1.6 W/kg.
Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Kizil G, Kizil M, Cakir DU, Yokus B · 2012
Researchers exposed male rats to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 2 hours per day, 7 days a week, for 10 months, then measured beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the brain. Beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde levels were found to be higher in the brains of exposed rats. Only the increase in protein carbonyl was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Bouji M, Lecomte A, Hode Y, de Seze R, Villégier AS · 2012
Researchers assessed the effects of a single GSM exposure at 900 MHz with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg on young adult (6-week-old) and middle-aged (12-month-old) rats. The study measured brain IL-1β and IL-6, plasmatic corticosterone levels, and emotional memory. Results showed an IL-1β increase in the olfactory bulb and enhanced contextual emotional memory in GSM-exposed middle-aged rats, while plasmatic corticosterone levels increased in GSM-exposed young adults. Acute GSM exposure did not induce astrocyte activation, in contrast to previously published work.
Aldad TS, Gan G, Gao XB, Taylor HS · 2012
Researchers used a mouse model to examine whether in-utero radiofrequency exposure from cellular telephones affects adult behavior. Mice exposed in the womb were hyperactive and had impaired memory, as measured using the object recognition, light/dark box, and step-down assays. The exposed mice also had dose-responsive impaired glutamatergic synaptic transmission onto layer V pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex.
Khalil AM, Gagaa M, Alshamali A. · 2012
Researchers exposed adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to mobile phone radio frequency radiation from a GSM signal generator at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 1.0 W/kg for 2 hours. Urinary levels of 8-oxodG, described as one major form of oxidative DNA damage, were significantly elevated in exposed rats compared to controls at most time points.
Cogulu O. · 2012
Researchers exposed mouse brain cell cultures to radiofrequency waves to evaluate genotoxic effects. The cultures were exposed to 10.715 GHz signals at a specific absorption rate of 0.725 W/kg for 6 hours over 3 days at 25°C. The study measured changes in the micronucleus assay and in the expression of 11 proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. The micronuclei rate increased 11-fold and STAT3 expression decreased 7-fold in the exposed cell cultures.
Chen G, Lu D, Chiang H, Leszczynski D, Xu Z. · 2012
Researchers used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study how exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and radiofrequency EMF affects gene expression. Yeast cells were exposed for 6 hours to either 0.4 mT 50 Hz ELF-MF or 1800 MHz RF-EMF at a specific absorption rate of 4.7 W/kg. The study found no confirmed gene expression changes from ELF-MF exposure, and only the expressions of SMC3 and AQY2 were confirmed as responsive to RF-EMF.
LaVignera et al · 2011
The article reviewed existing literature on the effects of RF-EMR on male reproductive function in experimental animals and humans. Animal studies in rats, mice, and rabbits used mobile phone RF exposure for variable lengths of time. These animal studies showed that RF-EMR decreases sperm count and motility and increases oxidative stress. In humans, two approaches were used: direct exposure of spermatozoa to RF-EMR and evaluation of sperm parameters in men using or not using mobile phones. Human spermatozoa exposed to RF-EMR showed decreased motility, morphometric abnormalities, and increased oxidative stress, while men using mobile phones had decreased sperm concentration, decreased motility, normal morphology, and decreased viability.
Juutilainen J et al · 2011
The review examined studies published after 1998 that compared modulated and unmodulated radiofrequency fields or different modulation types. Most studies reported no modulation-specific effects. A few exceptions indicated possible effects of amplitude-modulated fields on the human central nervous system. The authors concluded these findings warrant follow-up studies.
Unknown authors · 2011
Over eight years, the VINČA Institute performed spot broadband measurements of ELF and RF fields in over 35 Serbian municipalities. The study was motivated by public requests for information about exposure levels in living spaces. Measured values in households under overhead power lines were far below the recommended safe levels.
Unknown authors · 2011
In part B, mice were transplanted intraperitoneally with ascites (Ehrlich-Lettre ascites, strain E) carcinoma cells and then exposed to 112 MHz amplitude-modulated radiation at 16 Hz and 2.45 GHz radiation separately for 14 days. No tumor development occurred in mice exposed to radiofrequency or microwave radiation after a single topical dose of DMBA. Mice transplanted with Ehrlich-Lettre ascites carcinoma cells and exposed to the fields showed a slight but insignificant increase in cell numbers compared to controls.
Unknown authors · 2011
The study found no effect on the hematopoietic system in rats exposed to 900 MHz CW RF at 2 W/kg SAR. The exposure level was the ICNIRP public exposure limit for localized SAR.
Unknown authors · 2011
The authors reviewed published reports on DNA responses to electromagnetic fields across different frequency ranges and characterized DNA's properties as an antenna. They examined reports of increased stress protein levels and DNA strand breaks from EMF interactions, both indicating DNA damage. EMF interactions with DNA were found to be similar across non-ionising frequencies including extremely low frequency and radio frequency ranges. DNA was concluded to possess the structural characteristics of fractal antennas: electronic conduction and self symmetry.
Unknown authors · 2011
The random sample consisted of 34 people who were supplied with a personal exposure meter for seven consecutive days and kept a time-location-activity diary. A total of 225,414 electric field strength measurements were recorded in 12 different RF bands. Summary statistics were calculated with the robust regression on order statistics method. The study found evidence for statistically significant variability of individual RF exposure across days of the week, though the relative magnitude of the differences observed was small. Larger studies are needed to validate these results and determine whether day of the week is an important determinant for inclusion in individual RF exposure prediction models.
Unknown authors · 2011
This review updated a previous systematic review on the association between radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure and health-related quality of life that included studies published before August 2007. Nine randomized trials addressed short-term close-to-body RF-EMF exposures such as mobile phones, and six randomized trials addressed short-term far-field exposure from base stations, while eight studies evaluated environmental far-field RF-EMF exposure. In most of the randomized trials, no exposure-response association was observed. Similarly, most of the recent observational studies did not show associations between RF-EMF exposure and non-specific symptoms.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers exposed cultured human dermal papilla cells to 1,763 MHz RF radiation at a specific absorption rate of 10 W/kg. IGF-1 mRNA expression was significantly induced, leading to increased BCL-2 and CCND1 proteins and increased phosphorylation of MAPK1. Exposure for 1 hour per day over 7 days significantly enhanced hair shaft elongation in ex vivo hair organ cultures. In follicular matrix keratinocytes, Ki-67 expression increased and TUNEL signaling decreased. The authors suggest that 1,763 MHz RF exposure stimulates hair growth in vitro through IGF-1 induction in dermal papilla cells.
Unknown authors · 2011
The document lists high priority and other research needs for health effects research. The research needs are subdivided into epidemiology, human studies, animal studies, cellular studies and mechanisms, and social science research.
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
Standards stipulate a 6-min averaging interval for radiofrequency electromagnetic field measurements to assess human exposure. That interval noticeably limits the number of measuring points in practical base station surveys. Measurements near a multisystem GSM, DCS, and UMTS base station showed that shorter averaging intervals of 15 s, 30 s, and 1 min significantly accelerated the measurement process. Results from the shorter intervals differed from the 6-min root-mean-square mean by 10.5%, 15.9%, and 19%, while measurement uncertainty increased by 3.0%, 3.8%, and 4.4% respectively. The authors concluded that shorter intervals would reduce total survey duration without compromising measurement quality too much.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers exposed Spirostomum ambiguum infusoria to 1 GHz radiofrequency at energy flow densities of 5 μW/cm(2) and 50 μW/cm(2). Both exposure levels caused a reduction in motor activity that appeared in a jump-wise manner after a certain exposure duration and did not increase with longer exposure. The safe exposure duration was 8-9 h and 10 min at 5 and 50 μW, respectively.
Unknown authors · 2011
The algorithm was applied to Interphone Study subjects in five countries. The main determinants of cumulative RF energy were communication system, frequency band, brain location, and amount and duration of phone use. Categorization by cumulative RF energy agreed substantially with cumulative call time, but misclassification was non-negligible, especially at higher frequency bands. Factors such as adaptive power control (except in CDMA networks), discontinuous transmission, and conditions of phone use had relatively minor influence.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers analyzed brain tumor patients from five countries in the Interphone study, with tumors localized by neuroradiologists, and matched controls on age, sex, and region. The study included 553 glioma and 676 meningioma cases with 1762 and 1911 controls, respectively, and estimated RF dose as total cumulative specific energy (TCSE) absorbed at the tumor's estimated centre. Ever regular mobile phone use showed odds ratios of 0.93 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.18) for glioma and 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.96) for meningioma. For glioma, odds ratios were below 1 in the first four TCSE quintiles but rose to 1.35 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.90) in the highest quintile, and increased with TCSE 7+ years before diagnosis (p-trend 0.01; OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.47 in highest quintile).
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers performed power level measurements of transmitted and received signals using a mobile handset in home and office environments. They also measured radiofrequency electric field strength and frequency selective measurements near the femtocell access point with a radiation meter. The cumulative distribution functions showed that in 90% of measurement points the mobile phone transmit power was at least 7 dB lower during femtocell operation. At about 1 meter from the femtocell in its main beam, power flux density measurements showed very little difference between femtocell on and off.
