Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed several human and rodent cell types to 60 Hz ELF-MF at 10 and 16 mT for 72 hours. All cell types showed an approximately 20% or greater increase in proliferation at 14 mT compared with sham exposure, with no further increase at 16 mT. The proliferation increase was accompanied by activation of the MEK-ERK pathway and NF-κB, but not Akt, and a slight increase in S phase population, while ROS and calcium levels remained unchanged.
Unknown authors · 2025
The study and control groups were divided into four subgroups based on gestation week of exposure. Plasma estrogen and progesterone, primordial follicle counts, and nuclei diameters decreased significantly in exposed groups compared to sham. Primordial follicle apoptosis increased markedly in the study subgroups versus control and sham.
Xiang Y, Xu L, Sun Y, Hu C, Lv L · 2025
Vijay S et al. · 2025
Histological examination revealed vacuolation in the testes and corpus epididymis of both exposed groups and multifocal atypical hyperplasia in the seminal vesicle. Seminiferous tubule diameter decreased gradually in both exposed groups with a substantial decrease in the 24-hour group, and the spermatogenesis index was significantly reduced in both exposed groups. Sperm concentration was significantly reduced in both exposed groups, sperm motility decreased significantly in the 4-hour group, and sperm viability increased substantially in the 24-hour group.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900-MHz EMF for 2 hours daily during three gestational periods: GD 1–7, GD 8–14, and GD 15–21. Female offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 28 and hippocampal PARP-1 and Caspase-3 expression was evaluated. Pyramidal neurons in the CA region appeared normal after GD 1–7 exposure but were darkly stained and shrunken after GD 15–21 exposure. The GD 15–21 exposure group showed strong PARP-1 and Caspase-3 immune reactivity in CA and dentate gyrus cells with higher H-scores. The authors concluded that EMF at GD 15–21 triggered hippocampal neuron death by activating PARP-1 and Caspase-3.
Unknown authors · 2025
The study enrolled 1,666 women in the Yazd Mother and Child Cohort between 2015 and 2019 and examined exposure to cell phones, cordless phones, and Wi-Fi. Outcomes included miscarriage, preterm labor, abnormal birth weight, and deviations in newborn height and head circumference. Longer cell phone call duration was associated with higher risks of miscarriage, abnormal birth weight, and height, while cordless phone conversations could increase the risk of abnormal weight in newborns.
Pal S, Paladhi P, Dutta S, Ghosh P, Chattopadhyay R, Ghosh S · 2025
Researchers genotyped 708 azoospermic men and 640 healthy controls for variants in SPO11, RNF212, and SYCP3 using Sanger sequencing. Binary logistic regression assessed the interaction between genetic variants, electronic radiation exposure, and age on fertility status. The analysis found a significant association between these genetic variations and increased azoospermia risk, particularly in men aged 30 or older exposed to electronic radiation.
Özyılmaz C et al. · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers continuously exposed chicken embryos to Wi-Fi radiation at 2.4 GHz and 300 µW/m² for 9 and 14 embryonic days. Standard haematoxylin and eosin staining showed no notable differences in large blood vessel structure between exposed and control groups. Special staining methods revealed an adverse effect of Wi-Fi on the fibrous elements of the vessel wall. Elastic fiber optical density decreased significantly at both 9 and 14 embryonic days, while collagen fiber optical density increased at day 9 and decreased at day 14.
Unknown authors · 2025
Temperature was the dominant factor, with optimal development at 30–32 °C. RF exposure at 18 GHz accelerated development at intermediate temperatures, but extreme RF and suboptimal temperatures prolonged development. Aedes aegypti was more sensitive to temperature changes than Aedes albopictus.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers created a 3D digital twin of an adult fruit fly using micro-CT scans and used it in numerical simulations to estimate absorbed power at 3.6 GHz. They exposed adult Drosophila melanogaster to 3.6 GHz fields for 5 days at 5.4 to 9 V/m (3.56 to 9.88 nW absorbed) and measured locomotor activity. They also exposed flies for 48 hours at an absorption level of 1.91 mW and measured fecundity. No effects were found on either locomotor activity or fecundity.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional observational study with 102 healthy males aged 20–35 years in an IVF laboratory. Semen samples were exposed to different EMF sources for one hour and motility was assessed immediately. Progressive sperm motility decreased significantly after exposure to mobile phone and Wi-Fi repeater EMFs, but other equipment had no significant effect.
Zhang M et al. · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Nineteen healthy participants with a mean age of 36.5 years were exposed to 5G mobile phone exposure at 3.6 GHz and 0.0030 W/m2 for 5 and 20 minutes. Corticospinal excitability, intracortical facilitation, short intracortical inhibition, and long intracortical inhibition were measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation before and after exposure. A repeated-measures ANOVA found no significant interactions between exposure condition and time for any of these measures (all p > 0.15). Bayesian analyses gave Bayes factors close to 1, indicating inconclusive evidence for both the null and alternative hypotheses.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers established a dual-frequency EMR mouse model at 0.8/2.65 GHz. Exposure to this dual-frequency EMR significantly induced anxiety-like behavior in mice. Molecular experiments showed a significant decrease in CB1R levels in the medial prefrontal cortex along with a notable reduction in the endogenous cannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide, indicating downregulation of the entire endocannabinoid system. Overexpressing and knocking down CB1R in the medial prefrontal cortex confirmed that increasing mPFC CB1R levels reduced anxiety-like behavior while decreasing mPFC CB1R levels exacerbated it. Dual-frequency EMR also induced changes in the endocannabinoid system in the basolateral amygdala, and female mice exhibited similar behavioral phenotypes and molecular mechanisms.
Unknown authors · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers explored the influence of mobile phone-emitted RF-EMFs on sleep duration and quality in a cohort of medical students. Participants alternated between sleeping with and without a mobile phone for two-week intervals while sleep patterns were monitored using smartwatches. The study found no statistically significant disparities in sleep quality between sleeping with and without a mobile phone. However, RF-EMF exposure had a notable impact on minimum and average blood oxygen saturation levels.
Sauter C et al. · 2025
Sixty healthy women and men aged 60 to 80 years completed four attentional tasks in nine sessions while exposed to GSM 900 MHz, TETRA 385 MHz, or sham exposure. Two of 16 performance measures were significantly affected by exposure in women only, with worse accuracy in an n-back task under GSM exposure in the easier version and under TETRA exposure in the highest level. Performance of women and men did not differ significantly overall, and only one significant sex-exposure interaction was observed under TETRA exposure, indicating better performance in men and worse in women compared to sham. The researchers concluded that overall cognitive performance of healthy elderly participants was not affected by short-term RF-EMF exposure.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed rats to 1800 MHz EMF for 12 weeks, 10 minutes four times daily, while control rats were kept in standard conditions. Exposed rats had elevated corticosterone and decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, which persisted for two weeks after EMF exposure stopped. Exposure also decreased sperm motility and viability and increased anxiety in the rats. The authors concluded that 1800 MHz EMF may affect endocrine status, behavior, and reproductive functions, but hormonal disorders appear reversible.
Narayanan SN et al. · 2025
Male albino Wistar rats aged four weeks were exposed to 900 MHz radiation from a cellphone for four weeks at one hour per day. In the contextual fear conditioning test, the RF-EMR exposed group showed considerably elevated bright and dark compartment transitions and a significant decrease in latency to enter the dark compartment. Apoptosis was apparent in the CA3 region and perivascular space was significantly increased in the hippocampus of the radiation-exposed group. Lymphocytic infiltrates, congested sinusoids, and apoptotic-like changes were evident in the zona fasciculata, while the cytoarchitecture of the adrenal medulla was comparable in all three groups.
Unknown authors · 2025
Seventeen healthy volunteers received radiofrequency and electrical stimulation on the hands and feet while EEG was recorded. Radiofrequency stimulation was capable of selective activation of nociceptive fibres through rapid skin heating. Radiofrequency evoked potentials showed the highest degree of synchronicity achieved to date for cortical responses to thermal stimulation. The N2 and P2 peak latencies were longer for radiofrequency evoked potentials than for electrical stimulation evoked potentials. The P2 peak latency was also longer for foot stimulation than for hand stimulation.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed honey bee workers to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields of varying intensities and durations in wooden cages. Behavior was analyzed by computer program immediately after exposure and again seven days later. The radiofrequency field affected bee behavior compared to unexposed controls, though not all results were statistically significant. Significant effects were seen seven days after exposure in walking, flight, and individual contact.
Michelant L et al. · 2025
Researchers conducted a randomized, triple-blind crossover study in 31 healthy young adults. Participants received a 26.5-minute exposure to 26 GHz electromagnetic fields at 2 V/m in real and sham sessions separated by one week. No significant modulation of EEG frequency bands was observed during eyes-closed conditions following 26 GHz exposure.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed adult zebrafish to 4 hours of RF-EMR daily from a 4G Wi-Fi router for 30 days. After exposure, the fish were bred on days 10, 20, and 30, and the resulting embryos were raised without EMF and examined up to 10 days post-fertilization. Histopathology showed testicular and ovarian abnormalities in exposed adults, while their offspring exhibited increased mortality, morphological malformations, and anxiety-like behavior at 10 days post-fertilization.
Unknown authors · 2025
