Ohtani S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA RF signals at whole-body averaged SAR of 4 W/kg and 0.4 W/kg. At 4 W/kg the core temperature rose about 1.5°C and plateaued for the remainder of the exposure. Heat-shock protein and transcription factor genes were significantly upregulated in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum after 6 hr/day exposure at 4 W/kg, but not after 3 hr/day. No significant changes in core temperature or gene expression occurred at 0.4 W/kg.
Koyama S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed human corneal epithelial and human lens epithelial cells to 60 GHz millimeter-wavelength radiation for 24 hours at 1 mW/cm2. The micronucleus frequency did not increase significantly compared with sham-exposed and incubator controls. The comet assay for DNA strand breaks and heat shock protein expression also showed no statistically significant effects. The researchers concluded that the radiation had no effect on genotoxicity in human eye cells.
Koyama S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed human corneal epithelial cells to 0.12 THz radiation at 5 mW/cm2 for 24 h and then examined genotoxicity, morphological changes, and heat shock protein expression. Micronucleus frequency did not increase significantly in exposed cells compared with sham-exposed and incubator controls, whereas the positive control treated with bleomycin for 1 h showed a significant increase. No significant morphological changes were observed, and expression of Hsp27, Hsp70, and Hsp90α did not differ significantly among the three treatment groups.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers studied the mutagenic effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure using the micronucleus test in secondary roots of Vicia faba seedlings. Roots were exposed for 72 hours using a continuous wave of 915 MHz radiation at three power density levels, with specific absorption rate values falling in the range of 0.4 to 1.5 W/kg. Three independent experiments showed a significant increase in micronucleus frequency, from a 2.3-fold increase at the lowest SAR level up to a 7-fold increase at the highest SAR.
Güler G, Ozgur E, Keles H, Tomruk A, Vural SA, Seyhan N · 2016
Researchers exposed newborn rabbits to GSM-modulated 1800 MHz radiation before and after birth and measured oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, histopathology, and apoptosis in brain tissue. Oxidative DNA damage measured as 8-OHdG increased in rabbits exposed during both intrauterine and extrauterine periods compared to unexposed rabbits and those exposed only after birth. Lipid peroxidation measured as MDA rose only in males with intrauterine exposure, while females showed no difference across exposure groups. Mild neuronal necrobiosis appeared in intrauterine-exposed females and extrauterine-exposed males; gliosis was mildly positive in intrauterine-only and combined-exposure groups, but no apoptosis was detected in any group.
Unknown authors · 2016
Hardell L et al · 2016
Researchers used an exposimeter to measure radiofrequency radiation across 20 bands from 88 to 5,850 MHz at Stockholm Central Railway Station. They recorded 1,669 data points and found a median total exposure of 921 μW/m2 with mean levels varying between 2,817 and 4,891 μW/m2 per walking round. High mean measurements were observed for GSM + UMTS 900 downlink and UMTS 2100 downlink, and almost all levels exceeded the BioInitiative precautionary target of 3–6 μW/m2.
Unknown authors · 2016
The comment was published in Cancer Epidemiology in October 2016 with an online date of August 2016. The author is Bandara from Castle Hill, NSW, Australia.
Son Y et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed 5xFAD mice to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at 5 W/kg SAR for 2 hours daily, 5 days a week, for 3 months. They used Y-maze, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tests to assess spatial and non-spatial memory. They also measured Aβ deposition, APP and CTFβ levels in hippocampus and cortex, and plasma Aβ peptides. The 3-month exposure did not affect Aβ-related memory impairment or Aβ accumulation.
Schwarze S et al. · 2016
Researchers tested European robins' magnetic compass orientation in an electromagnetically silent laboratory under four narrow-band electromagnetic fields at the Larmor frequency, double the Larmor frequency, 1.315 MHz, and 50 Hz, and broadband electromagnetic noise covering ~2 kHz to ~9 MHz. None of the relatively strong narrow-band fields disrupted the robins' magnetic compass orientation. The weak broadband field very efficiently disrupted the robins' magnetic compass orientation.
Sato Y, Kiyohara K, Kojimahara N, Yamaguchi N. · 2016
Petitdant N et al. · 2016
Researchers used rats to assess whether astrocyte reactivity, perception, and emotionality were affected by RF EMF exposures during adolescence. They also investigated if adolescent brains were more sensitive to RF EMF exposures after neurodevelopmental inflammation. Results did not show any neurobiological impairment in healthy and vulnerable RF EMF-exposed rats compared to sham-exposed controls. Data did not support the hypothesis of a specific cerebral sensitivity to RF EMF of adolescents, even after neurodevelopmental inflammation.
McNamee JP et al. · 2016
Adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated or continuous-wave radiofrequency fields for 4 hours per day over 5 days at specific absorption rates of 0, 0.2, and 1.4 W/kg. Total RNA was isolated from the auditory cortex, amygdala, caudate, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex and gene expression was analyzed using Illumina MouseWG-6 (v2) BeadChip arrays. When controlling the false discovery rate, no differentially expressed genes were identified in any brain region compared to sham controls. Some genes showed differences without multiple-comparison correction, but no consistent pattern emerged across exposure levels or modulations.
Lewis RC et al. · 2016
Researchers explored the relationship between mobile phone use patterns and semen quality markers in a longitudinal cohort of 153 men at a Boston fertility clinic. Mobile phone use duration, headset use, and phone carrying location were assessed via nurse-administered questionnaire. A total of 350 semen samples were collected and analyzed onsite. Linear mixed models with random intercepts accounted for multiple semen samples per man. Overall, there was no evidence for a relationship between mobile phone use and semen quality.
Leng L, Zhang Y. · 2016
Reale M et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 50 Hz/1 mT ELF-EMF for short (1h-3h) and sub-chronic (48 h) periods. Exposed cells showed an increased intracellular 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-hydroxytryptamine ratio reflecting transmitter synthesis, catabolism, and release. Matrix metalloproteinases involved in neuronal cell death were not significantly altered. The balance between reactive oxygen species generation and elimination, and between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, was maintained. The changes were minor compared to damage expected to underlie neurodegeneration or cognitive impairment.
Andrianome S et al. · 2016
Researchers compared melatonin levels in 30 individuals with IEI-EMF and 25 controls without electromagnetic exposure. The IEI-EMF group had significantly lower sleep scores than controls. Saliva melatonin and urine aMT6s levels did not differ between groups. Three questionnaires evaluated sleep quality and quantity, melatonin was quantified in saliva and its metabolite aMT6s in urine, and levels were compared by two-way ANOVA at various times.
Nakatani-Enomoto S et al. · 2016
Nakayama M, Nakamura A, Hondou T, Miyata H · 2016
Researchers measured DNA single-strand breaks, cell viability, and nitric oxide production in macrophage RAW264 cells exposed to a 0.5-mT, 50-Hz magnetic field for 24 hours with or without LPS stimulation. The magnetic field alone did not alter nitric oxide production. The combined effect of LPS and magnetic field was not mediated by LPS-induced nitric oxide production.
Roser K, Schoeni A, Röösli M · 2016
The HERMES study sample consisted of 439 Swiss adolescents aged 12–17 years. Researchers assessed behavioral problems with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and concentration capacity with a standardized computerized cognitive test named FAKT. Cross-sectional analyses showed behavioral problems associated with self-reported wireless device use but not operator-recorded mobile phone use, while concentration capacity was associated with both self-reported and operator-recorded exposures. Longitudinal analyses found no consistent associations between RF-EMF exposure measures and either outcome. The authors suggest information bias and reverse causality likely explain the cross-sectional findings.
Redmayne M et al. · 2016
Researchers recruited 619 fourth-grade students aged 8 to 11 from 37 schools in Melbourne and Wollongong, Australia. Participants completed a questionnaire, a computerised cognitive test battery, and the Stroop colour-word test while parents reported the children's mobile and cordless phone call frequencies. Phone use was categorised by weekly call count into none, some (≤ median) or more (> median), with medians of 2.5 calls for mobile phones and 2.0 for cordless phones. Only 5 of 78 comparisons were statistically significant; higher mobile phone use was linked to slower reaction time on a response-inhibition task, and higher cordless phone use was linked to slower Stroop interference time and poorer accuracy on visual recognition, episodic memory, and identification tasks.
Calvente I et al. · 2016
Bhagat S, Varshney S, Bist SS, Goel D, Mishra S, Jha VK · 2016
Each participant's phone-using ear was compared to the non-phone-using ear, and subjects were grouped by daily use duration of 60 minutes or less versus more than 60 minutes. No statistically significant differences were found in high-frequency pure-tone averages or brainstem evoked response audiometry interpeak latencies between phone-using and control ears, and no subjective symptoms were reported.
Medeiros LN, Sanchez TG. · 2016
Researchers performed a literature review using keywords including tinnitus, electromagnetic field, mobile phones, radio frequency, and electromagnetic hypersensitivity. They selected 165 articles considered clinically relevant to at least one of these subjects. The review notes that electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation can penetrate tissues and has proven thermogenic effects and potential biological and genotoxic effects. Some individuals are more sensitive to electromagnetic exposure, and there may be a common pathophysiology between this electrosensitivity and tinnitus. The authors state there are reasonable evidences to suggest caution for using mobile phones to prevent auditory damage and the onset or worsening of tinnitus.
Zhou Z, Shan J, Zu J, Chen Z, Ma W, Li L, Xu J. · 2016
At day 4 of incubation, 76 normally developing chick embryos were divided into a control group of 39 and a radiation group of 37, with the radiation group exposed to mobile phone radiation for 10 hours each day from day 4 to 19 of incubation. Behavioral tests were performed 4 days after hatching, followed by T2-weighted MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Compared with controls, chicks in the radiation group showed significantly slower aggregation responses, lower belongingness, and weaker vocalization. No significant differences were found for brain size and structural maturity except for cerebellum size, which was significantly smaller in the radiation group. The hatching and heteroplasia rates did not differ significantly between groups.
