Qin F, Shen T, Cao H, Qian J, Zou D, Ye M, Pei H · 2019
Researchers examined the potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles to protect testosterone synthesis in primary mouse Leydig cells during exposure to 1,800 MHz radiofrequency radiation in vitro. The optimum concentration of CeO2NPs for cell proliferation was determined to be 128 μg/mL. Cells exposed to RF alone showed reduced testosterone, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase activity, increased malondialdehyde content, and downregulated expression of Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd-3β, Clock, Bmal1, and Rorα genes. Pretreatment with 128 μg/mL CeO2NPs for 24 hours followed by RF exposure significantly increased testosterone synthesis, upregulated testosterone synthase and clock gene expression, and increased resistance to oxidative damage compared to RF exposure alone.
Unknown authors · 2019
Alkis MS, Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Yegin K, Akpolat V · 2019
Researchers exposed rats to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 2 hours daily over 6 months. Exposure increased oxidative stress markers including TOS, OSI, MDA, and 8-OHdG, while decreasing total antioxidant status. DNA damage measured by comet assay showed higher tail intensities in exposed groups.
Tsoy A et al. · 2019
Alkis ME et al. · 2019
Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats to radiofrequency radiation at 900, 1800, or 2100 MHz for 2 hours per day for 6 months to study DNA damage and oxidative stress in blood and brain tissue. DNA damage and oxidative stress indicators were found higher in the radiofrequency radiation exposure groups than in the sham-control group. The researchers concluded that 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation may cause oxidative damage, induce an increase in lipid peroxidation, and increase oxidative DNA damage in the frontal lobe of rat brain tissues, and that 2100-MHz radiation may cause formation of DNA single-strand breaks.
NTP 2018. NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies in Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD Rats exposed to Whole-body Radio Frequency Radiation at a Frequency (900 MHz) and Modulations (GSM and CDMA) used by Cell Phones. National Toxicology Program et al. · 2018
Foerster et al · 2018
Researchers modeled RF-EMF brain dose for each participant and tracked verbal and figural memory score changes over one year using multivariable linear regression. Higher cumulative RF-EMF brain dose was associated with decreased figural memory scores in the whole sample and more strongly in right-side phone users. Media use unrelated to RF-EMF showed no significant associations with memory changes.
Belpomme et al · 2018
The review presents strong evidence that excessive exposure to mobile phone frequencies over long periods increases brain cancer risk in humans and animals. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate adverse effects on male and female reproduction, almost certainly due to reactive oxygen species generation. Current standards set by most national and international bodies are not protective of human health.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed 5xFAD mice to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at a specific absorption rate of 5.0 W/kg for 2 h/day and 5 days/week for 8 months. Behavioral changes were assessed using an open field test and an object recognition memory task after exposure ended. RF exposure rescued hyperactivity-like and anxiolytic behaviors in the open field test and improved cognitive deficits in the object recognition memory test. Glucose metabolism in the hippocampus and amygdala was significantly increased in RF-exposed mice compared to sham-exposed mice.
Unknown authors · 2018
The study exposed primary cultured astrocytes, microglia, and cortical neurons to RF-EMF at a SAR of 4.0 W/kg. DNA damage was assessed using γH2AX foci formation, cytokine secretion by ELISA, microglial phagocytosis by phagocytosis assay, and neuronal development by immunofluorescent staining for specific proteins. RF-EMF exposure did not significantly induce γH2AX foci formation in the three neurogenic cell types. Cytokine secretion in astrocytes and microglia and dendritic or synaptic morphology in cortical neurons were not significantly affected. However, microglial phagocytic activity was significantly reduced and cortical neuron axon branch length and number were significantly inhibited.
Qin F et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed male mice to 1800 MHz radiofrequency fields at 40 μW/cm2 and 0.0553 W/Kg SAR for 2 hours per day over 32 days. The exposure significantly reduced testosterone levels and altered the expression of steroidogenic genes Star, P450scc, P450c17, and 3β-Hsd in testicular tissue. RF exposure also significantly reduced the regulatory protein CaMKI/RORα, and similar effects were observed in cultured primary Leydig cells exposed in vitro. The CaMK inhibitor KN-93 blocked all these observations, and ionomycin reversed the RF-induced down-regulation of intracellular calcium and CaMKI/RORα expression.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers irradiated peripheral blood cells from five donors with a continuous wave of 900 MHz RF-EMF for 0, 30, 60 and 90 min and evaluated gene expression changes with microarray analysis. After false discovery rate adjustment, no EMF-specific gene expression response was detected. Low-stringency analysis identified 483 statistically significant deregulated transcripts, but these were regarded as statistical artefacts due to the absence of a targeted biological response, and qRT-PCR of 14 candidate transcripts showed no correlation with microarray results.
Unknown authors · 2018
Recent research focuses on unraveling mechanisms of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation and potential cellular targets. Omics high-throughput approaches are powerful tools to investigate global effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on cellular physiology.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed female Wistar albino rats to 1800 MHz RF-EMF at 6.8 ± 0.1 V/m and 0.06 W/kg SAR for 2 hours per day for eight weeks, with a sham group kept under similar conditions without exposure. They measured Hsp27, p38MAPK, EGFR, and caspase-3 gene expression using real-time PCR. Caspase-3 and p38MAPK gene expression were significantly upregulated in the ocular tissues of exposed rats.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers randomly assigned rats to cage control, sham, or 2.1 GHz RF exposure for 2 hours daily over 7 days and recorded auditory evoked potentials. Peak-to-peak amplitudes of auditory evoked potentials were significantly higher in the RF group than in the sham group. Evoked power, inter-trial phase synchronization, and auditory evoked gamma responses were also significantly higher in the RF group. The RF group showed significantly lower TBARS and 4-HNE levels, while GFAP, nNOS, and iNOS levels did not differ between groups, and no differences were found between cage control and RF groups.
Unknown authors · 2018
Hardell L et al · 2018
Researchers measured RF radiation levels in an apartment close to two groups of mobile phone base stations on the roof. A total of 74,531 measurements were made corresponding to ~83 h of recording. The total mean RF radiation level was 3,811 µW/m2 with a range of 15.2 to 112,318 µW/m2 for the whole apartment including balconies. Particularly high levels were measured on three balconies and three of the four bedrooms. The mean RF radiation level decreased by 98% when down-links from the base stations for 2, 3 and 4 G were disregarded.
Vila J et al · 2018
Researchers conducted a multinational population-based case-control study (INTEROCC) with nearly 4000 cases and over 5000 controls to examine occupational RF and IF-EMF exposure in relation to glioma and meningioma risk. Individual cumulative exposure indices for RF and IF-EMF were assigned using a source-exposure matrix and detailed interview data on work with or near EMF sources. About 10% of participants were exposed to RF and 1% to IF-EMF; no clear positive associations were found, though the highest recent RF magnetic field exposure yielded odds ratios of 1.62 for glioma and 1.52 for meningioma, with confidence intervals including 1.
Jeong YJ et al. · 2018
The aim of the study was to observe the impact of long-term RF-EMF on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aging brains of C57BL/6 mice. Compared with young mice, aged mice showed significantly increased protein and lipid oxidative damage markers in the brain. Aged mice also had significantly elevated markers of DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocytes, and microglia. Long-term RF-EMF exposure did not change the levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocyte, or microglia markers in aged mouse brains. Long-term RF-EMF exposure also did not alter locomotor activity in aged mice.
Piccinetti CC et al. · 2018
Researchers evaluated the biological effects of 100 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on zebrafish embryos using a multidisciplinary protocol. The 100 MHz EMF affected zebrafish embryonic development from 24 to 72 hours post-fertilization across all analyzed pathways. At 48 hours post-fertilization, reduced growth, increased oxidative stress gene transcription, apoptotic and autophagic processes, and modified cholesterol metabolism were detected. By 72 hours post-fertilization, embryos partially recovered from stress and reached hatching time comparable to controls.
Pandey N, Giri S. · 2018
Researchers exposed Swiss albino mice to RFR for 3 hours twice daily for 35 days and gave some mice melatonin at 5 mg/kg body weight per day. RFR-exposed mice showed extensive DNA damage, arrest in pre-meiotic spermatogenesis, low sperm count, and sperm head abnormalities. Biochemical assays revealed excess free radical generation and histological changes in testis and germ cells. Melatonin supplementation diminished or abolished these effects.
Masoumi A, Karbalaei N, Mortazavi SMJ, Shabani M. · 2018
The Wi-Fi exposure used a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The Wi-Fi exposed group had significantly lower weight gain than controls and developed hyperglycemia. Plasma insulin levels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets were significantly reduced, while pancreatic lipid peroxidation increased and GSH, SOD, and GPx activities decreased.
López-Furelos A et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed RAW 264.7 macrophage cells to single or combined radiofrequency signals at 900 and 2450 MHz for 4, 24, 48, or 72 hours in a GTEM chamber. They measured cell viability, nitric oxide production, HSP70 and TNF-α expression, and phagocytic activity. Phagocytic activity declined with longer exposure, while combined exposure raised HSP70 at 48 hours and significantly increased nitric oxide and TNF-α at 72 hours.
Comelekoglu U et al. · 2018
Researchers divided rats into four groups: control, paricalcitol only, RF exposure only, and RF plus paricalcitol. Rats in the RF groups were exposed to 1,800 MHz RF radiation for 1 hour per day for 4 weeks. RF exposure caused significant reduction in nerve signal amplitude, prolonged latency, increased malondialdehyde levels, increased catalase activity, and degeneration of myelinated nerve fibers. Paricalcitol administration partially ameliorated these neuropathic changes.
Ruigrok HJ et al. · 2018
Researchers monitored TRPV1 activation in real time on live cells using a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technique. Transiently-transfected HEK293T cells were exposed to 1800 MHz radiofrequency signals including CW, GSM, UMTS, LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX at specific absorption rates between 8 and 32 W/kg. TRPV1 channels were activated by the heat produced by radiofrequency exposure, but no activation occurred without temperature elevation. Radiofrequency exposure did not alter the maximal efficacy of capsaicin to activate TRPV1 at fixed temperature.
