Todorović D et al. · 2013
Researchers analyzed pupa-adult development and motor behaviour of Tenebrio obscursus and T. molitor after exposure to a static magnetic field of 50 mT. The static magnetic field did not affect the pupa-to-adult developmental timing in either species. Motor behaviour of T. obscurus adults was not significantly changed by the magnetic field, but changes were seen in T. molitor.
Todorović D et al. · 2012
Researchers studied how magnetic fields affected antioxidative defense and fitness-related traits in Baculum extradentatum, a stick insect. One group was exposed to a constant magnetic field of 50 mT, another to an alternating magnetic field of 50 Hz and 6 mT, and a control group was kept out of influence of the magnets. SOD and CAT enzyme activities were increased in animals exposed to constant and alternating magnetic fields, while GSH content was not influenced. Significant differences in development timing were found between the control and the CMF group, and between the CMF and the AMF group, but nymph mass and egg mortality did not differ across groups.
Poniedziałek B et al. · 2013
Researchers exposed human peripheral blood samples to a gradient static magnetic field (SMF) in vitro to measure its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in neutrophils. Blood samples from healthy individuals were incubated in an inhomogeneous SMF at either the south or north pole for 15, 30, or 45 minutes, with a maximum field induction of approximately 60 mT. The exposure induced statistically significant changes in ROS production in both unstimulated and PMA-stimulated neutrophils, with effects that were highly correlated with exposure time and depended on field orientation.
Savić T, Janać B, Todorović D, Prolić Z. · 2011
Researchers investigated how a static magnetic field affected development and viability in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila hydei. Eggs of both species were exposed to an average magnetic induction of 60 mT throughout full development from egg to adult. Exposure reduced development time in both species, though statistical significance was found only for D. hydei, and viability was significantly weaker in both exposed species compared to controls.
Glinka M et al. · 2018
Researchers assessed the impact of static magnetic fields of different intensities on redox homeostasis in cultures of fibroblasts. Six chambers with field flux densities varying from 0.1 to 0.7 T were used in the research. ATP concentration and the generation of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, remained stable, while the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased.
T. S. Tenforde, C. G. Dols, A. A. Lake, R. D. Hay · 1979
Todorović D et al. · 2019
Researchers exposed one-month-old cockroach Blaptica dubia nymphs to magnetic fields for 5 months across three groups: a control group, a static magnetic field (SMF) group at 110 mT, and an extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) group at 50 Hz and 10 mT. Gut masses were significantly lower in both magnetic field groups compared to the control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were markedly higher than in the control, while glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly lower in both magnetic field groups. The applied magnetic fields were considered a potential stressor influencing gut mass and the examined antioxidant biomarkers.
Shen JF, Chao YL, Du L. · 2007
Researchers used whole-cell patch-clamp experiments on acute dissociated rat trigeminal root ganglion neurons to study how static magnetic fields affect voltage-gated potassium channel currents. The study evaluated the effects of moderate-intensity static magnetic fields on two types of voltage-gated potassium channel currents, called IK,A and IK,V. A 125 mT static magnetic field altered the inactivation rate and velocity of both channel currents, while activation properties showed no significant change.
Ghodbane S, Lahbib A, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to a static magnetic field at 128 mT for one hour per day over five days and measured catalase activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and apoptosis inducing factor labeling in kidney and muscle. SMF exposure increased MDA concentrations by 25% and CAT activities by 34% in kidney, but not in muscle. The treatment failed to induce caspase-independent pathway apoptosis in both kidney and muscle. Selenium pre-treatment inhibited both the MDA and CAT increases in kidney, while vitamin E corrected only MDA levels in rat kidney.
Ghodbane S, Ammari M, Lahbib A, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to a static magnetic field of 128 mT for one hour per day over five consecutive days and measured oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brain and liver. The exposure increased catalase activity by 24% in the liver but not in the brain, while malondialdehyde concentration was unchanged in both tissues. Static magnetic field exposure also induced hepatocyte apoptosis through a caspase-independent pathway involving mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor, but no such effect was found in the brain. Selenium and vitamin E supplementation restored liver catalase activity in exposed rats but did not reduce liver apoptosis.
Ghodbane S1 et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to a static magnetic field of 128 mT for one hour per day over five days and examined effects on glucose metabolism. Exposure increased blood glucose level by 21% and caused a decrease of 15% in liver glycogen content. Vitamin E prevented the glucose metabolism and liver glycogen alterations induced by the static magnetic field, whereas selenium restored only liver glycogen content. Neither vitamin E nor selenium corrected the reduction in pancreatic islet area observed after static magnetic field exposure.
Amara S et al. · 2011
Researchers studied the effects of co-exposure to a static magnetic field (SMF) and cadmium on antioxidant enzyme activity and DNA integrity in rat brain. Cadmium exposure alone reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, including GPx, CAT, and SOD, in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, and increased markers of oxidative damage. When SMF (128 mT, 1 hour/day for 30 consecutive days) was combined with cadmium, SOD activity and glutathione levels in the frontal cortex fell further compared with the cadmium-only group, and MDA concentration also increased further. SMF exposure did not alter DNA oxidation levels in cadmium-exposed rats.
Ghodbane S et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed male adult rats to a static magnetic field (128 mT, 1 hour per day for 5 days) and examined antioxidant enzymes and selenium levels in liver, kidney, muscle, and brain. Static magnetic field exposure decreased selenium levels in kidney, muscle, and brain, and decreased GPx activity in kidney and muscle. In the liver, static magnetic field exposure increased total GSH levels and total SOD activities, while glutathione reductase activity was unaffected. Selenium supplementation restored selenium levels and GPx activity in kidney and muscle, but did not bring down the elevated GSH and SOD levels in liver.
Elferchichi M, Ammari M, Maaroufi K, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2011
Researchers exposed adult Wistar rats to a 128 millitesla static magnetic field for 1 hour per day for 5 consecutive days, then tested motor skills and measured iron levels in plasma and brain regions. No significant change in motor skills was observed between sham and exposed rats. Plasma transferrin content increased by 25.4% and plasma iron decreased by 16.2%, while brain iron concentration was not altered.
Ghodbane S et al. · 2011
Researchers exposed male adult rats to a static magnetic field (128 mT, 1 hour per day for 5 consecutive days) and measured antioxidant vitamins and markers of oxidative stress in plasma. SMF exposure increased plasma glutathione peroxidase activity by 35%, while alpha-tocopherol fell by 67% and retinol fell by 41%. SMF exposure did not alter plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive species, total thiol groups, or selenium concentrations. Pre-treatment with selenium was associated with improved antioxidant capacities in the SMF-exposed rats.
Amara S et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed male rats to a static magnetic field at 128 mT for one hour per day over 30 consecutive days and then measured antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and DNA oxidation in the brain. In the frontal cortex, exposure decreased glutathione peroxidase activity by 39%, CuZn superoxide dismutase activity by 35%, and catalase activity by 59%. In the hippocampus, exposure decreased CuZn-SOD activity by 51% and Mn-SOD activity by 13%, and increased malondialdehyde concentration by 32%. DNA oxidation was not detected, and the researchers suggested that an increase in metallothioneins in the frontal cortex may have protected DNA from oxidative damage.
Shine MB, Guruprasad KN, Anand A · 2012
Researchers treated soybean seeds with static magnetic fields of 150 and 200 mT for 1 hour and measured reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activity. Magnetic field treatment resulted in enhanced production of ROS mediated by cell wall peroxidase, while ascorbic acid content, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased in the hypocotyl of germinating seeds. The researchers described these findings as their first report on the biochemical basis of enhanced germination and seedling growth in magnetically treated soybean seeds in relation to increased ROS production.
Hanini R, Chatti A, Ghorbel SB, Landoulsi A. · 2017
Researchers studied the protective role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) against a static magnetic field of 200 mT in wild-type and mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lacking one or both SOD enzymes. Inactivation of the sodM and/or sodB genes increased the sensitivity of the bacteria to stress from the static magnetic field. Mutant strains also showed significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative damage to lipids, compared to wild-type cells.
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2008
In the first phase, 30 patients provided saliva samples before and after a 30-minute MRI at 0.23 T. Saliva mercury concentrations increased from 8.6 ± 3.0 to 11.3 ± 5.3 µg L⁻¹ after MRI (p < 0.01). In the second phase, 14 female university students with no prior mobile phone use received amalgam restorations and gave urine samples before and on days 1-4 after. Urinary mercury levels were significantly higher in the mobile-phone users than in controls across the four days (p < 0.05).
Kthiri A, Hidouri S, Wiem T, Jeridi R, Sheehan D, Landouls A · 2019
Researchers investigated whether an applied static magnetic field could induce biological effects on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and probed biochemical and biomolecular responses. There was a decrease in growth and viability under SMF, with a significant decrease in colony forming units after 6 hours, followed by an increase between 6 and 9 hours. SOD and catalase activities increased in magnetized cultures after 9 hours compared with unexposed samples, while glutathione peroxidase activity decreased. SMF caused an increase in MDA levels as well as the content of protein carbonyl groups after 6 and 9 hours of exposure.
Prasad A et al. · 2017
Researchers stimulated human oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) with a moderate intensity static magnetic field (0.3 T) for two weeks, two hours per day. The study investigated the genomic effects of static magnetic field exposure on oligodendrocyte differentiation and neurotrophic factor secretion. Enhanced myelination capacity of the stimulated oligodendrocytes was validated using a dorsal root ganglion microfluidics chamber platform.
Potenza L et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to a 300 mT static magnetic field for 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours. After 4 hours of exposure, the static field induced damage at the nuclear and mitochondrial levels, reduced mitochondrial content, and increased reactive oxygen species. Twenty-four hours of exposure increased mitochondrial DNA content as well as expression of a gene related to mitochondrial biogenesis. No significant differences between exposed and sham cultures were found after 48 and 72 hours, and cell viability did not show a statistically significant change overall.
Giorgetto C et al. · 2015
Researchers studied motor behaviour in Wistar rats given a unilateral striatal lesion with quinolinic acid, then injected with apomorphine and exposed to a continuous static magnetic field of 3,200 Gauss. Sixty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control, sham, sham magnetic, lesion, and stimulated South and North Poles. In the activity cage test, all groups except the North Pole-stimulated group showed a significant increase in distance, time of activity, and crossings compared to the control group. The morphometric analysis showed a reduction in the number of neurons in the Lesion group in relation to all other groups, and the results suggest the static magnetic field promoted morphological preservation.
Bertolino G, Dutra Souza HC, de Araujo JE. · 2013
Researchers studied the effects of static magnetic field stimulation on motor behavior and brain tissue in Wistar rats that had received a 6-Hydroxydopamine lesion in the substantia nigra compacta. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into groups, and in those receiving magnetic stimulation, a 3200-gauss magnet was fixed to the skull. Lesioned rats that received magnetic stimulation spent more time on the rotarod apparatus and had a higher number of surviving neurons than the lesion-only group.
Tang R, Xu Y, Ma F, Ren J, Shen S, Du Y, Hou Y, Wang T · 2016
Researchers studied the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on a lung metastatic melanoma mouse model and on the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Tumor-bearing mice were exposed to ELF-MFs at 0.4 T and 7.5 Hz for 2 hours per day for 27 days. Metastatic tumor burden in the lung was significantly decreased after ELF-MF treatment, and expressions of MMP2, MMP9, and Foxp3 in lung nodules significantly decreased in the ELF-MF group. In cell experiments, ELF-MF treatment reduced the Treg cell differentiation rate from 32.0% to 22.1%, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited p-AKT in T cells.
