Zhao QR, Lu JM, Yao JJ, Zhang ZY, Ling C, Mei YA. · 2015
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields from power lines for 12 hours daily, finding it impaired memory recognition and damaged brain cells in the hippocampus. The damage was reversible with protective proteins, showing power-line frequencies can measurably affect brain function.
Yang G, Ren Z, Mei YA. · 2015
Researchers exposed rat brain cells to power line frequency magnetic fields (50 Hz) and found they significantly boosted GABA receptor activity - the brain's main calming system. This change could potentially affect sleep, anxiety, and seizure control, showing how electromagnetic fields may influence brain function.
Todorović D, Prolić Z, Petković B, Kalauzi A. · 2015
Researchers exposed longhorn beetles to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) and measured how their brain neurons responded. They found that square wave magnetic fields caused measurable changes in neural activity after 10-15 minutes of exposure, while sine wave fields did not. This demonstrates that even insects show biological responses to power-frequency magnetic fields, and that the waveform shape matters for biological effects.
Masoudian N et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed brain nerve cells to electromagnetic fields from power lines and appliances. EMF exposure caused glutamate, a crucial brain chemical, to fluctuate by up to 40%. This matters because glutamate disruptions are linked to neurological diseases and brain cell damage.
Jankowska M et al. · 2015
Polish researchers exposed cockroaches to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency used in electrical power systems) and found it changed how their nervous systems responded to scorpion toxin. The EMF exposure altered nerve activity patterns and reduced the toxin's effectiveness, demonstrating that power frequency fields can modify how the nervous system functions at the cellular level.
Giorgetto C et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats with brain lesions (modeling Huntington's disease) to 3,200 Gauss static magnetic fields for seven days. Magnetic field exposure preserved brain neurons and improved movement compared to untreated rats, suggesting static magnetic fields may help brain healing in neurological conditions.
de Groot MW, van Kleef RG, de Groot A, Westerink RH · 2015
Dutch scientists exposed developing rat brain cells to power line magnetic fields for seven days. They found minimal effects only at extremely high exposures (1000 microtesla) - about 10,000 times stronger than typical home levels. Normal residential exposures showed no significant developmental impacts.
Chung YH et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed laboratory rats to 60 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as household electrical systems) for 2 to 5 days and found significant changes in brain chemistry. The magnetic field exposure altered levels of key neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine across multiple brain regions. These chemical messengers control mood, movement, attention, and other critical brain functions.
Cheng Y et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed brain stem cells (neural progenitor cells) from stroke-damaged brains to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 0.4 mT for 7 days. The magnetic field exposure significantly increased both cell multiplication and the development of these stem cells into neurons. This suggests that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields might help brain recovery after stroke by promoting the growth of new brain cells.
Benassi B et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed human brain cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) and found that while the fields didn't harm the cells directly, they made the cells much more vulnerable to a chemical toxin that causes Parkinson's disease-like damage. The magnetic field exposure disrupted the cells' natural antioxidant defenses, causing normally survivable toxin levels to trigger cell death through oxidative stress.
Zuo WQ, Hu YJ, Yang Y, Zhao XY, Zhang YY, Kong W, Kong WJ. · 2015
Researchers exposed rat auditory nerve cells to mobile phone radiation at 2-4 W/kg levels, with and without mild inflammation. Radiation alone caused no damage, but significantly harmed pre-inflamed cells, suggesting EMF exposure may be more dangerous when your body is already fighting inflammation.
Marjanovic AM, Pavicic I, Trosic I, · 2015
Researchers exposed hamster cells to cell phone-level radiofrequency radiation (1800 MHz) for 10, 30, and 60 minutes to study cellular damage. They found that even brief 10-minute exposures significantly increased reactive oxygen species (cellular stress markers) and disrupted the cells' natural balance between oxidation and antioxidant defense. This suggests that RF radiation at levels similar to cell phone use can trigger oxidative stress in living cells.
Liu Q, Si T, Xu X, Liang F, Wang L, Pan S. · 2015
Researchers exposed male rats to 900 MHz cell phone radiation for two hours daily over 50 days. Sperm cell death increased 91% compared to unexposed rats, with radiation triggering cellular damage through increased free radicals and decreased antioxidant defenses, demonstrating clear reproductive harm.
Hou Q, Wang M, Wu S, Ma X, An G, Liu H, Xie F · 2015
Scientists exposed mouse cells to 1800 MHz cell phone radiation at typical phone exposure levels and found it caused oxidative stress and increased cell death within one hour. This shows cell phone radiation can damage cells even at government-approved levels.
Duan W et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mouse reproductive cells to electromagnetic fields from power lines and cell phones to compare DNA damage. Both types caused genetic damage through different mechanisms - power line fields broke DNA strands while cell phone radiation caused oxidative damage to DNA bases.
Djordjevic B et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to cell phone-frequency radiation (900 MHz) for 4 hours daily and found significant liver damage after 20-60 days, including increased oxidative stress and cellular damage. Melatonin supplements provided only partial protection, suggesting microwave radiation harms liver tissue through multiple pathways.
Yang ML, Ye ZM · 2015
Researchers exposed bone cancer cells to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) at 50 Hz and 1 milliTesla for up to 3 hours. They found the EMF exposure triggered cancer cell death (apoptosis) by increasing oxidative stress and activating specific cellular pathways. This suggests ELF-EMF might have potential therapeutic applications against bone cancer, though this was only tested in laboratory cell cultures, not living organisms.
Patruno A, Tabrez S, Pesce M, Shakil S, Kamal MA, Reale M · 2015
Italian researchers exposed leukemia cells to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (the type emitted by power lines and household appliances) for 24 hours at 50 Hz. They found significant changes in three key cellular enzymes that control oxidative stress and cellular metabolism. These enzyme disruptions could help explain how EMF exposure might contribute to health problems at the cellular level.
Lewicka M et al. · 2015
Polish researchers exposed human blood platelets to electromagnetic fields from car electronics, physiotherapy equipment, and LCD monitors for 30 minutes. They found that all three sources caused oxidative stress (cellular damage from harmful molecules called free radicals), with car electronics producing the strongest effects. This suggests that common electronic devices may damage our blood cells and potentially contribute to diseases linked to oxidative stress.
Ghodbane S, Lahbib A, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to strong magnetic fields for one hour daily over five days. The exposure increased oxidative stress markers by 25-34% in kidney tissue but not muscle. Selenium and vitamin E supplements prevented this kidney damage, suggesting antioxidants may protect against magnetic field effects.
Ghodbane S, Ammari M, Lahbib A, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to strong static magnetic fields (128 mT) for one hour daily over five days and found significant liver damage, including increased oxidative stress and cell death through a process called apoptosis. The brain showed no similar damage, suggesting the liver is more vulnerable to magnetic field exposure. Even antioxidant supplements like selenium and vitamin E couldn't fully protect against the liver cell death.
Chung YH et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to 60 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as household electricity) for 2-5 days and measured brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. They found significant changes in key brain chemicals including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine across multiple brain regions. These neurotransmitters control mood, movement, and cognitive function, suggesting that magnetic field exposure can alter brain chemistry.
Zuo H et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed nerve cells to microwave radiation at 2.856 GHz (similar to some wireless devices) for just 5 minutes and found it triggered cell death through a specific biological pathway. The radiation disrupted a protective protein called RKIP, which normally helps prevent nerve cells from dying, leading to increased cell death in the exposed samples. This suggests that even brief microwave exposure can interfere with the brain's natural protective mechanisms.
Xiong L et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats and brain cells to microwave radiation at 30 mW/cm² and found significant damage to brain structures responsible for learning and memory. The exposure disrupted the delicate balance of brain chemicals and damaged the connections between brain cells (synapses). This suggests that microwave radiation can interfere with the brain's ability to form new memories and learn.
Wang LF et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed lab-grown blood-brain barrier cells to microwave radiation at 50 mW/cm² for 5 minutes and found that this exposure damaged the protective barrier that normally prevents harmful substances from entering the brain. The microwaves activated specific cellular pathways that caused the tight connections between barrier cells to break down, making the barrier more permeable. This suggests that microwave radiation could potentially compromise the brain's natural protection system.
