Marjanovic Cermak AM, Pavicic I, Trosic I · 2017
Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 10, 30, and 60 minutes at an electric field strength of 30 V m-1 and a specific absorption rate of 1.6 W kg-1. Cell viability remained within normal physiological values after radiation exposure. Significantly higher ROS levels were observed at every radiation exposure time tested. After 60 minutes of exposure, the radiation caused significant lipid and protein damage. The highest glutathione concentration was detected after 10 minutes of exposure.
Lameth J et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether a 2-hour head-only exposure to GSM-1800 MHz could affect a neuroinflammatory reaction triggered by lipopolysaccharide in 2-week-old or adult rats. In developing rats, 24 hours after exposure, cortical interleukin-1β and NOX2 NADPH oxidase transcripts were reduced by 50 to 60% compared with sham-exposed animals. Adult rats showed a 50% reduction in IL1β mRNA but no NOX2 suppression and displayed a significant growth response of microglial cell processes. GSM exposure decreased phosphorylation at two residues on the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit (serine 831 and 845). The changes in gene expression, microglia, and GluA1 phosphorylation did not persist 72 hours after exposure and were absent without LPS pretreatment.
Kim JH et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed C57BL/6 mice to 835 MHz RF-EMF at an SAR of 4.0 W/kg for 12 weeks, then analyzed the hippocampus and brain stem. Several autophagic genes were significantly upregulated only in the hippocampus and not in the brain stem. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in the hippocampal neurons of exposed mice.
Kim JH, Kim HJ, Yu DH, Kweon HS, Huh YH, Kim HR. · 2017
Researchers studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure on synaptic vesicles in the cortical neurons of mice. C57 BL/6 mice were exposed to 835 MHz RF-EMF at 4.0 W/kg SAR for 5 hours daily. The density of synaptic vesicles was significantly decreased in the presynaptic boutons of cortical neurons after exposure. The expression of synapsins I/II genes and proteins was also significantly decreased in exposed mice.
Kim HS et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to a 915 MHz radiofrequency identification signal at a whole-body specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg for 8 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks. The number of red blood cells and values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell indices were increased in the RFID-exposed group compared with the cage-control and sham-exposed groups. The number of white blood cells, including lymphocytes, was decreased in RFID-exposed rats, though T-cell counts and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio showed no statistically significant difference between sham-exposed and RFID-exposed groups. The researchers noted that these changes do not necessarily indicate that RFID exposure is harmful, as they were within the normal physiological response range.
Gevrek F. · 2017
Rats were divided into three groups — Control, EMR, and EMR+Egb761 — and the EMR groups were exposed to cellphone radiation at 0.96 W/kg SAR for one month. In the EMR group, apoptotic proteins (Bax, Acas-3) increased and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased, along with a reduction in total granule and pyramidal cell counts. Rats that also received Egb761 showed decreased Bax and Acas-3, increased Bcl-2, fewer TUNEL-stained apoptotic cells, and a higher total viable cell number.
Calabrò E, Magazù S. · 2017
Researchers studied the effects of mobile phone electromagnetic waves on the Amide I and Amide II vibration bands of proteins in bidistilled water solution, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Fourier self-deconvolution analysis. The proteins used were hemoglobin, myoglobin, bovine serum albumin, and lysozyme. The Amide I band increased significantly (p < 0.05) after 4 h of exposure, while the Amide II band did not change significantly.
Al-Serori H et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether UMTS radiofrequency signals cause micronucleus formation and other anomalies such as nuclear buds and nucleoplasmatic bridges in human glioblastoma cell lines. The experiments were conducted with human glioblastoma cell lines, U87 with wild-type p53 status and U251 with mutated p53 status, exposed to SAR doses of 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 W/kg. The researchers found no evidence for induction of micronuclei or other anomalies, but observed apoptosis at the highest dose in U251 cells.
Zheng Y, Dou JR, Gao Y, Dong L, Li G. · 2017
Researchers isolated cortical pyramidal neurons from Kunming mice and exposed them to 15 Hz, 1 mT square wave magnetic fields. Sodium currents, transient potassium currents, and delayed rectifier potassium currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp method. Magnetic field exposure depressed channel current densities and altered the activation kinetics of sodium and potassium channels, and the inactivation properties of INa and IA were also altered.
Zhang H et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated the influence of a 50 Hz, 8 mT extremely low frequency magnetic field, applied 4 hours per day for 28 days, on calcium ion signaling in the hippocampus of mice. Exposure increased levels of Gi protein, IP3, DAG, PKA, PKC beta, PP2B, and intracellular calcium, while decreasing CaMK II and PKC alpha. ELF-MF exposure also decreased the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which the researchers described as playing a key role in hippocampal neuronal cell death. Oral administration of procyanidins from lotus seedpod, especially at 90 mg per kg, significantly recovered these changes and nearly reached normal levels.
Samiee F, Samiee K. · 2017
Researchers examined how extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure at 50 Hz affected brain tissue in Cyprinus carpio, a common carp species from the Caspian Sea. A total of 200 healthy fish were divided into a sham-exposed group and an experimental group exposed to five different magnetic field intensities (0.1, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mT) at two different exposure times (0.5 and 1 h). Exposure caused severe histopathological changes in the brain at field intensities of 3 mT or higher, leading to brain necrosis, with field intensity and duration of exposure identified as key parameters in causing lesions.
Prasad A et al. · 2017
Researchers stimulated human oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) with a moderate intensity static magnetic field (0.3 T) for two weeks, two hours per day. The study investigated the genomic effects of static magnetic field exposure on oligodendrocyte differentiation and neurotrophic factor secretion. Enhanced myelination capacity of the stimulated oligodendrocytes was validated using a dorsal root ganglion microfluidics chamber platform.
Kapri-Pardes E et al. · 2017
Researchers applied extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields at various field strengths and time periods to eight different cell types and measured the phosphorylation of signaling proteins by western blotting. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was increased in response to ELF-MF, with effects detected at field strengths as low as 0.15 µT and a maximum at around 10 µT. The researchers concluded that the small increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation is probably insufficient to affect proliferation and oncogenic transformation, and that the results cannot be regarded as proof of the involvement of ELF-MF in cancer in general or childhood leukemia in particular.
Marjanovic Cermak AM et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed V79 fibroblast cells to 1800 MHz RF radiation for 10, 30, and 60 minutes at a specific absorption rate of 1.6 W/kg to investigate possible links between radiofrequency exposure and oxidative stress. Cell viability remained within normal physiological values regardless of exposure time. An increased level of superoxide radicals was detected after 60-minute exposure, and a significantly higher GSH level was observed immediately after 10-minute exposure, though GSH-Px activity was higher but not significant. Lipid oxidative damage in exposed cell samples was not observed.
Bourdineaud JP et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed Eisenia fetida earthworms to electromagnetic fields at 900 MHz and field levels ranging from 10 to 120 V m-1 for a period of two hours. All exposure treatments induced significant DNA modifications, and the number of probe hybridisation sites showed a significant two-fold decrease even after 24 hours of recovery. Genes involved in general stress, oxidative stress, and immune defence were up-regulated after exposure, and Western blots confirmed an increased quantity of HSP70 and MTCO1 proteins.
Zhang D, Zhang Y, Zhu B, Zhang H, Sun Y, Sun C · 2017
Researchers enrolled 186 male workers with occupational exposure to high-voltage electricity lines and 154 male subjects with insignificant exposure as a reference control. Resveratrol or placebo was given as dietary supplements at 500 mg twice daily, and inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed. Workers who had long-term exposure to high-voltage electricity lines showed elevated urinary levels of 8-OHdG and F2-isoprostane compared to the reference group. Resveratrol significantly reversed the adverse impacts of ELF-EMF, and stimulated cytokine production by resveratrol was found in exposed workers but not in the reference group.
Zeng Y, Shen Y, Hong L, Chen Y, Shi X, Zeng Q, Yu P · 2017
Researchers evaluated the biological effects of different patterns of extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure on primary cultured hippocampal neurons, looking at viability, apoptosis, genomic instability, and oxidative stress. Repeated exposure to a 50-Hz 2-mT field for 8 hours per day decreased cell viability and increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The researchers noted that none of the repeated exposure patterns had significant effects on DNA damage, apoptosis, or autophagy, suggesting no severe biological consequences in the cultured neurons.
Pooam M, Nakayama M, Nishigaki C, Miyata H · 2017
Researchers exposed RAW264 macrophage cells to a 50-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field at 0.1 mT or 0.5 mT and measured superoxide production, HSP70 expression, and mitochondrial membrane potential. The magnetic field enhanced production of superoxide and the expression of HSP70. The researchers suggested that the 50-Hz magnetic field diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, which led to increased superoxide production and HSP70 expression.
Naarala J et al. · 2017
Researchers studied how the direction of combined static and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields affected cell proliferation and superoxide radical production. Proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was stimulated by a nearly vertical 60 or 120 μT static magnetic field compared with cells that were shielded against magnetic fields. When the static field was combined with an extremely low frequency ELF field, proliferation was suppressed by a horizontal but not by a vertical ELF field.
Miao X et al. · 2017
Researchers conducted a preclinical randomized study using 3-week-old male BALB/c mice repeatedly exposed to electromagnetic pulses at a peak intensity of 200 kV/m, 5 days per week for four consecutive weeks. Some mice also received daily co-administration of selenium-rich Cordyceps fungi at 100 mg/kg. Mice exposed without Cordyceps showed decreased sperm formation, shrunk seminiferous tubule diameters, and diminished antioxidative capacity at 28 and 60 days after exposure. Daily Cordyceps co-treatment alleviated the testicular damage, increased sperm formation, and reduced apoptotic spermatogenic cells.
Medina-Fernandez FJ et al. · 2017
Researchers injected rats with a single dose of 150 μg of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG, fragment 35–55) to produce experimental multiple sclerosis. The MOG injection caused motor symptoms such as tail paralysis and limb paresis/paralysis, along with oxidative stress and cell death similar to MS. Rats were then treated with extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields applied as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at 60 Hz and 0.7 mT for 2 hours a day, once a day, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks. The researchers found that TMS attenuated motor symptoms and oxidative and cell damage, and also increased the antioxidant system.
Kim SJ et al. · 2017
Researchers examined the effects of 60 Hz 0.8 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on a macrophage cell line called RAW 264.7. Under ELF-EMF exposure, production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased, and the expression of those genes was also upregulated. Cell proliferation was not altered by ELF-EMF exposure. The researchers suggest that ELF-EMF amplifies inflammatory responses through enhanced macrophage activation and can decrease the effectiveness of antioxidants.
Kamalipooya S et al. · 2017
Researchers studied the effects of combining a static magnetic field (SMF) with the anticancer drug cisplatin on oxidative stress in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and normal skin fibroblast cells (Hu02). Cells were exposed to SMF intensities of 7, 10, and 15 mT for 24 and 48 hours, and cytotoxic effects were measured using reactive oxygen species content and membrane lipid peroxidation. The combination of both treatments for 48 hours led to a marked decrease in HeLa cell viability of about 89% compared to untreated cells. The study suggests that among the optional intensities of SMF tested, the intensity of 10 mT led to higher damage to cancer cells at lower doses of the drug.
Höytö A, Herrala M, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. · 2017
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to a 50 Hz, 100 μT magnetic field with or without a non-phototoxic level of blue light for 24 hours. The magnetic field increased cytosolic superoxide production, while blue light suppressed that effect. Mitochondrial superoxide production was reduced by both the magnetic field and blue light, but these effects were not additive. Micronucleus frequency was not affected by blue light or the magnetic field alone, but blue light, significantly when combined with the magnetic field, enhanced menadione-induced micronuclei.
Hanini R, Chatti A, Ghorbel SB, Landoulsi A. · 2017
Researchers studied the protective role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) against a static magnetic field of 200 mT in wild-type and mutant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lacking one or both SOD enzymes. Inactivation of the sodM and/or sodB genes increased the sensitivity of the bacteria to stress from the static magnetic field. Mutant strains also showed significantly higher levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative damage to lipids, compared to wild-type cells.
