Odacı E, Özyılmaz C. · 2015
Twenty-four adult male rats were divided into control, sham, and EMF groups. The EMF group was exposed to 900 MHz EMF for one hour per day over 30 days. Histopathologically, EMF-exposed rats showed vacuoles in seminiferous tubule basal membranes and edema in intertubular space. Seminiferous tubule diameters and germinal epithelium thickness were smaller, and apoptotic index was higher in the EMF group. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione values decreased significantly in the EMF group compared to controls.
Marconi A et al. · 2015
The study used a randomized, double-blind, crossover design with 18 human volunteers exposed to GSM mobile phone radiation. Researchers measured two categories of oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and exhaled air, including markers of lipid oxidation and antioxidant defense. After 30 minutes of exposure, the overall entropy of the biomarker dataset decreased significantly, indicating a modulation of biomarker organization.
Ma HR, Ma ZH, Wang GY, Song CM, Ma XL, Cao XH, Zhang GH. · 2015
Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a radiated group exposed to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation 4 hours per day for 18 consecutive days. Serum levels of ALT and AST did not change significantly in the radiated group compared to the normal group. Liver malondialdehyde content increased and glutathione content decreased in the radiated group. Histopathology revealed diffuse hepatocyte swelling, vacuolation, and focal necrosis. Bax protein expression was higher, bcl-2 protein expression was lower, and hepatocyte apoptosis rates were higher in the radiated group.
Kazemi E et al. · 2015
The study investigated the effect of 900 MHz GSM on oxidative stress and intracellular ROS levels in human mononuclear cells, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Blood samples from 13 healthy volunteers were exposed to RF radiation from a mobile phone simulator for 2 hours, while control samples were not exposed. Mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation and ROS was measured using a CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence probe and flow cytometry. Results showed a significant increase in ROS production in monocyte-rich cell populations after exposure, but no significant change in lymphocyte-rich populations.
Hancı H et al. · 2015
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and EMF groups, and the EMF group received 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day. Male pups were examined on postnatal day 21 for effects on spleen and thymus. In the thymus, malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher and glutathione levels significantly decreased in exposed pups compared to controls. In the spleen, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels increased while superoxide dismutase values decreased significantly. Transmission electron microscopy revealed pathological changes in cell morphology in both thymus and spleen tissues.
Bin-Meferij MM, El-Kott AF · 2015
Barteri M et al. · 2015
The study examined the effects of 900 MHz electromagnetic field exposure on the catalytic activity of lactoperoxidase and horseradish peroxidase. Experimental evidence indicates that irradiation causes conformational changes of the active sites and influences the formation and stability of intermediate free radicals, as shown by enzyme kinetics, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry.
Osera C et al. · 2015
Researchers assessed whether short repeated pulsed EMF could trigger adaptive responses against oxidative insult in a neuronal cell model. A 40-minute overall pre-exposure, given as four 10-minute sessions per week, increased Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase activity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells without affecting major physiological parameters. Pre-exposed cells showed decreased reactive oxygen species production after a 30-minute hydrogen peroxide challenge compared to non-pre-exposed cells. The authors suggest that specific PEMF treatments may have potential biological repercussions in diseases where oxidative stress is implicated.
Holovská K et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mature Wistar rats to an electromagnetic field of frequency 2.45 GHz and mean power density of 2.8 mW/cm2 for 3 h/d for 3 wk. Liver samples were obtained 3 h after the last irradiation and processed histologically for light and transmission electron microscopy. The researchers concluded that EMR exposure produced adverse effects on rat liver.
Furtado-Filho OV et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed young rats to 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation to measure oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids in the left and right cerebral cortex. Radiation exposure lasted 30 minutes per day for up to 27 days, with a specific absorption rate ranging from 1.32 to 1.14 W/kg. In neonates, no modification of the biomarkers tested was detected, while 6-day-old exposed rats showed increased carbonylated proteins in the right cerebral cortex and decreased blood glucose. The researchers concluded that the elevated carbonylated proteins in the right cerebral cortex did not appear to be a consequence of oxidative stress.
Liu X et al. · 2015
Researchers studied the effects of ELF-EMF exposure on Alzheimer's disease development in rats. The rats were exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 400 µT for 60 days. ELF-EMF exposure delayed the weight gain of rats and partially improved cognitive and clinicopathologic symptoms. The researchers concluded that certain conditions of ELF-EMF exposure could delay the development of AD in rats.
Zuo WQ, Hu YJ, Yang Y, Zhao XY, Zhang YY, Kong W, Kong WJ. · 2015
Researchers used spiral ganglion neurons from neonatal Sprague Dawley rats to investigate whether inflammation might increase sensitivity to damage from mobile phone electromagnetic radiation. Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation alone could not directly induce DNA damage in normal spiral ganglion neurons. The study suggests that sensitivity of spiral ganglion neurons to damage caused by mobile phone electromagnetic radiation may increase in a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation model.
Wang X et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed Neuro-2a cells to 900 MHz GSM signals at specific absorption rates of 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 W/kg for 24 hours, with or without silencing of the DNA repair enzyme OGG1. Without OGG1 silencing, 2 W/kg RF-EMFs induced oxidative DNA base damage, and with OGG1 silencing, damage was observed at exposures as low as 1 W/kg. Increases in oxidative DNA base damage were accompanied by similar increases in reactive oxygen species, but neither DNA strand breakage nor altered cell viability was observed.
Marjanovic AM, Pavicic I, Trosic I, · 2015
Researchers evaluated the influence of a modulated radiofrequency field of 1800 MHz, strength of 30 V/m on oxidation-reduction processes within the cell. V79 cell line samples were irradiated for 10, 30, and 60 minutes, with a specific absorption rate calculated to be 1.6 W/kg. ROS levels significantly increased after 10 minutes of exposure, then decreased after 30 minutes, which researchers associated with antioxidant defence mechanism activation. Metabolic activity and total protein content in exposed cells did not differ significantly from control samples.
Liu Q, Si T, Xu X, Liang F, Wang L, Pan S. · 2015
Rats were exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation at a specific absorption rate of 0.66 ± 0.01 W/kg for 2 h/d, and sperm were examined after 50 days. The percentage of apoptotic sperm cells in the exposure group was significantly increased by 91.42% compared with the control group. Reactive oxygen species concentration in the exposure group was increased by 46.21%, while total antioxidant capacity was decreased by 28.01%. Radiation also decreased the protein and mRNA expression of bcl-2 and increased that of bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-3.
Hou Q, Wang M, Wu S, Ma X, An G, Liu H, Xie F · 2015
Researchers studied reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) exposed to 1800-MHz GSM-talk mode electromagnetic radiation at an average specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg. Intracellular ROS levels increased significantly after exposure, reaching their highest level at one hour of exposure, then declining slightly with longer exposure up to eight hours. The percentage of late-apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the exposed group than in sham-exposed groups, while no significant effect on the DNA damage marker γH2AX was detected.
Djordjevic B et al. · 2015
Researchers studied whether melatonin treatment (2 mg/kg) might favorably impact liver tissue in rats exposed to microwave radiation. The experiment used 84 six-weeks-old Wistar male rats exposed for 4 hours a day to microwaves at 900 MHz for 20, 40, and 60 days. Microwave exposure increased malondialdehyde after 40 days, protein carbonyl content after 20 days, and catalase and xanthine oxidase activity after 40 days. Melatonin reduced malondialdehyde after 40 days but had no effect on the other analyzed parameters.
Cao H, Qin F, Liu X, Wang J, Cao Y, Tong J, Zhao H · 2015
Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields at different times of day to study whether circadian rhythms of plasma antioxidants were affected. Six groups of animals were exposed at a power density of 201.7 μW/cm2 and a specific absorption rate of 0.05653 W/kg for 2 hours per day for 32 consecutive days, each at a different time of day, while a seventh group served as sham-exposed controls. The circadian rhythms of melatonin, GSH-Px, and SOD were shifted in exposed rats, with levels significantly decreased when exposure was given at 23 and 3 h GMT. The researchers concluded that there may be adverse effects of radiofrequency exposure on antioxidant function, affecting both daily antioxidant levels and circadian rhythmicity.
Yang ML, Ye ZM · 2015
Researchers exposed human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells to a 50 Hz, 1 mT extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) for 1, 2 and 3 hours in vitro. ELF-EMF decreased the viability of MG-63 cells, inhibited cell growth, induced cell apoptosis and increased the level of ROS significantly. The apoptosis rate declined significantly after treatment with ROS inhibitor NAC or p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580. The researchers concluded that increased ROS and p38MAPK activation may be involved in the mechanism.
Patruno A, Tabrez S, Pesce M, Shakil S, Kamal MA, Reale M · 2015
Researchers evaluated the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on catalase, cytochrome P450, and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and protein expression in the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562. A significant modulation of iNOS, CAT, and cytochrome P450 protein expression was recorded in both stimulated and non-stimulated cell lines following ELF-EMF exposure. Changes in the kinetic parameters of these enzymes in response to ELF-EMF indicated an interaction between ELF-EMF and the enzymological system.
Lewicka M et al. · 2015
Ghodbane S, Lahbib A, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to a static magnetic field at 128 mT for one hour per day over five days and measured catalase activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and apoptosis inducing factor labeling in kidney and muscle. SMF exposure increased MDA concentrations by 25% and CAT activities by 34% in kidney, but not in muscle. The treatment failed to induce caspase-independent pathway apoptosis in both kidney and muscle. Selenium pre-treatment inhibited both the MDA and CAT increases in kidney, while vitamin E corrected only MDA levels in rat kidney.
Ghodbane S, Ammari M, Lahbib A, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to a static magnetic field of 128 mT for one hour per day over five consecutive days and measured oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brain and liver. The exposure increased catalase activity by 24% in the liver but not in the brain, while malondialdehyde concentration was unchanged in both tissues. Static magnetic field exposure also induced hepatocyte apoptosis through a caspase-independent pathway involving mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor, but no such effect was found in the brain. Selenium and vitamin E supplementation restored liver catalase activity in exposed rats but did not reduce liver apoptosis.
Bodera P et al. · 2015
Researchers measured malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, in the blood, liver, kidneys, and brain of Wistar rats that were healthy or had inflammation, and exposed them repeatedly to 1800 MHz EMF. The exposure was repeated five times for 15 minutes and was studied both alone and combined with the opioid painkiller tramadol. MDA levels were slightly elevated in the blood, kidney, and brain of healthy rats in EMF-exposed groups treated with tramadol, while MDA in the liver remained at the same level across all groups. Overall, results for healthy rats and animals with inflammation did not differ significantly.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells to static magnetic fields alone or combined with 5 and 10 MHz RF magnetic fields. Cell numbers decreased by up to 30% on Day 2 with the 10 MHz RF field combined with static field compared to static field alone. Hydrogen peroxide production increased by 55% after 8 hours of exposure to the 10 MHz RF field.
