Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J. · 2010
Researchers aimed to investigate cooperative effects of 872 MHz RF radiation and ferrous chloride on ROS production and DNA damage in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. They exposed the cells to 872 MHz RF radiation at 5 W/kg SAR using continuous wave or GSM-like modulated signals for 1 hour in ROS experiments and 3 hours in comet assay experiments. Chemical treatments with ferrous chloride produced statistically significant responses, but RF radiation alone or combined with chemicals did not affect ROS production, DNA damage, or cell viability.
Markkanen A, Naarala J, Juutilainen J · 2010
Murine L929 fibroblast cells were exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields of 100 or 300 μT during or before UV exposure. No significant magnetic field effects were found, and the results did not support the hypothesis that such fields modify biological responses to UV radiation by changing oxidative reactions.
Yu Y, Yao K. · 2010
It has been reported that exposure affects lens transparency, alters cell proliferation and apoptosis, inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication, and induces genetic instability and stress responses in lens epithelial cells. The authors note that high-power microwave radiation is well established to induce cataracts via thermal effects, but it remains unclear whether low-power microwave radiation below current exposure limits is cataractogenic. The review raises the question of whether ambient microwave environments can induce non-thermal effects in the lens with potential health consequences and calls for further in vivo studies.
Tomruk A, Guler G, Dincel AS. · 2010
Researchers exposed nonpregnant and pregnant New Zealand White rabbits to whole-body 1800 MHz GSM-like RF radiation for 15 minutes per day over one week. Liver 8-OHdG levels did not differ between exposed and control rabbits in either the adult or newborn groups. However, MDA and FOX levels were significantly higher in exposed adult rabbits, and FOX was also elevated in newborns of exposed mothers.
Politański P et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed C57BL/6 mice to 8 hours of 119 dB SPL 4 kHz octave band noise and assessed auditory brainstem response, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, and catalase activity in the cochlea before and at five time points over two weeks. The auditory brainstem response showed no permanent functional damage from noise exposure in either the static magnetic field exposed group or the non-exposed group. However, lipid peroxidation levels, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity differed significantly between mice exposed to both noise and static magnetic field and those exposed to noise only.
Belova NA et al. · 2010
Researchers studied the influence of weak magnetic fields of different types on the rate of reactive oxygen species formation in mouse peritoneal neutrophils. Exposure to a magnetic field tuned to the parametric resonance for Ca2+ ions decreased ROS generation by 23% in neutrophils activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The same field increased ROS generation by about 21% in neutrophils stimulated by the bacterial peptide FMLP.
Sharma VP, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. · 2010
Researchers investigated the impact of cell phone EMF radiation at a power density of 8.55 microW cm(-2) on germination, early growth, proteins, carbohydrate contents, and enzyme activities in Vigna radiata (mung bean). Seedling length and dry weight were significantly reduced after exposures of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 hours, and protein and carbohydrate contents also fell in exposed plants. At the same time, the activities of proteases, alpha-amylases, beta-amylases, polyphenol oxidases, and peroxidases were enhanced in exposed radicles, which the researchers suggested indicated a protective response to EMF-induced stress.
Ozgur E, Güler G, Seyhan N. · 2010
Researchers exposed guinea pigs to an 1800-MHz GSM-modulated signal at a whole body SAR of 0.38 W/kg for 10 or 20 minutes per day for seven days to study oxidative damage in the liver. After exposure, significant increases in malondialdehyde and total nitric oxide levels were observed, along with decreases in several antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver. The extent of oxidative damage was found to be proportional to the duration of exposure, and both NAC and EGCG were found to protect liver tissue against this damage.
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Behari J. · 2010
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to mobile phone frequencies at 0.9 W/kg specific absorption rate for 2 hours per day over 35 days. A significant decrease in protein kinase C and total sperm count, along with increased apoptosis, were observed in the exposed rats. The results suggest that a reduction in protein kinase activity may be related to overproduction of reactive oxygen species under microwave field exposure.
Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2010
Sperm GPx and SOD activity showed a significant decrease in exposed rats, while catalase showed a significant increase compared with the control group. The percentage of apoptosis was higher in the exposed group, and significant decreases were found in the S phase and G2/M transition phase of the cell cycle. The researchers concluded that these radiations may have a significant effect on the reproductive system of male rats, which may be an indication of male infertility.
Grigor'ev IuG et al. · 2010
Achudume A, Onibere B, Aina F, Tchokossa P · 2010
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to radio frequency radiation at 1800 MHz with a specific absorption rate of 0.95 to 3.9 W/kg for 40 or 60 days continuously. At 40 days, electromagnetic radiation failed to induce any significant alterations. At 60 days of exposure, various attributes evaluated decreased, including decreases in NADPH and ascorbate-linked lipid peroxidation along with diminution in enzymatic antioxidative defense systems and decreased glucose residue.
Tayefi H et al. · 2010
Potenza L et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to a 300 mT static magnetic field for 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours. After 4 hours of exposure, the static field induced damage at the nuclear and mitochondrial levels, reduced mitochondrial content, and increased reactive oxygen species. Twenty-four hours of exposure increased mitochondrial DNA content as well as expression of a gene related to mitochondrial biogenesis. No significant differences between exposed and sham cultures were found after 48 and 72 hours, and cell viability did not show a statistically significant change overall.
Morabito C et al. · 2010
Researchers used C2C12 cells as an in vitro model of the skeletal muscle phenotype to study the effects of short-term exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on muscle cell differentiation and function. ELF-EMFs induced reactive oxygen species production in myoblasts and myotubes with a concomitant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The cellular detoxification system was activated, with increases in catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. ELF-EMFs also altered intracellular calcium homeostasis, increasing the spontaneous activity of myotubes and enhancing cellular reactivity to a depolarizing agent or an agonist of intracellular store calcium channels.
Morabito C, Guarnieri S, Fanò G, Mariggiò MA · 2010
Researchers studied how extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) of different intensities and durations affected PC12 cells, a cell line used as a neuronal model, during neuronal differentiation. Long-lasting ELF-EMF exposure did not appear to significantly affect proliferation or neuritogenesis. During acute exposure lasting 30 minutes, ROS levels were increased and catalase activity was decreased in undifferentiated PC12 cells, while chronic exposure at 1.0 mT increased catalase activity. Acute exposure affected spontaneous intracellular calcium variations, and basal intracellular calcium was increased after chronic exposure.
Martínez-Sámano J et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar rats to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (60 Hz, 2.4 mT) for two hours to evaluate early effects on antioxidant systems in plasma, liver, kidney, and heart. SOD activity was lower in the plasma of restrained and EMF-exposed animals compared to unrestrained rats. There were no significant differences in CAT activity and TBARS levels among the experimental groups versus the control group. The researchers noted that oxidative stress induced by movement restraint was stronger than that produced by EMF.
Mannerling AC, Simkó M, Mild KH, Mattsson MO · 2010
Researchers exposed human K562 leukemia cells to a 50-Hz sine-wave magnetic field for 1 hour at flux densities ranging from 0.025 to 0.10 mT, measuring proliferation, cell cycle distribution, superoxide radical anion levels, and HSP70 protein levels. Both vertical and horizontal exposures caused significantly and transiently increased HSP70 levels of more than twofold at several flux densities, compared to sham controls and also compared to a heat-treatment positive control. Superoxide radical anion levels increased by 30–40%, and adding free radical scavengers melatonin or 1,10-phenantroline inhibited the magnetic-field-induced increase in HSP70. Cell cycle kinetics and proliferation were not affected by exposure at 0.10 mT for 1 hour.
Goraca A, Ciejka E, Piechota A. · 2010
Researchers exposed rats to an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) at 40 Hz and 7 mT for either 30 or 60 minutes per day for 14 days, then measured oxidative stress markers in heart tissue and plasma. Exposure at 30 minutes per day did not significantly alter any of the measured oxidative stress markers.
Garip AI, Akan Z. · 2010
Researchers investigated the effect of ELF-EMF on apoptosis in K562 human leukemia cells, with and without oxidative stress, and examined links to heat-shock protein 70 levels. ELF-EMF at 1 mT and 50 Hz was applied for 3 hours, with one group of cells treated with H2O2 to induce oxidative stress and another left untreated. In cells not exposed to oxidative stress, ELF-EMF caused a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells and a slight increase in viability. In cells treated with H2O2, ELF-EMF increased the number of apoptotic cells, and hsp70 and reactive oxygen species levels were also increased.
Frahm J, Mattsson MO, Simkó M. · 2010
Researchers exposed mouse macrophages to a 50 Hz, 1.0 mT magnetic field and measured changes in reactive oxygen species production and protein expression. Short-term exposures of two hours or less caused slight and transient decreases in several proteins, including clathrin, adaptin, PI3-kinase, protein kinase B, and PP2A, while longer exposures had no effect on these proteins. The stress proteins Hsp70 and Hsp110 showed increased levels at certain time points but not generally.
Ciejka E, Skibska B, Kleniewska P, Goraca A. · 2010
Researchers studied the influence of a low-frequency magnetic field on oxidative stress markers in rat muscles. Thirty male rats weighing 280 to 300 grams were randomly divided into three experimental groups, each containing seven animals. One treatment group was exposed to 40 Hz and 7 mT for 0.5 hours per day for 14 days, and the other was exposed at the same settings for 1 hour per day for 14 days. Exposure caused a significant increase in sulfhydryl group concentration and a decrease in protein concentration in the muscle homogenates.
Ayşe IG, Zafer A, Sule O, Işil IT, Kalkan T. · 2010
Researchers studied the effect of ELF-EMF on the differentiation of K562 cells at different time courses. A single exposure to ELF-EMF resulted in a decrease in differentiation, while ELF-EMF applied every day for 1 hour caused an increase in differentiation. ELF-EMF increased ROS levels in K562 cells not treated with hemin, but did not change ROS levels in hemin-treated cells, indicating that ROS was not the cause of the differentiation effects.
Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Ulukaya E, Uzunlar AK, Kurt MA, Taşkin A · 2010
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields for 2 hours per day for 10 months, then measured apoptosis and oxidative stress markers in brain tissue. Apoptosis scores and MPO activity were not significantly different between the exposed and sham groups. MDA, TOS, and OSI values were found to be higher in the ELF-500 group than in the ELF-100 and sham groups, and total antioxidative capacity was lower in the ELF-500 group.
Imge EB, Kiliçoğlu B, Devrim E, Cetin R, Durak I · 2010
Forty female rats were divided into four groups: control, mobile phone, mobile phone plus vitamin C, and vitamin C alone. The mobile phone groups were exposed to a mobile phone signal (900 MHz), and vitamin C was administered orally for four weeks. Mobile phone exposure caused an inhibition in 5'-NT and CAT activities compared to the control group, while GSH-Px activity and MDA levels were reduced but not significantly. The researchers suggested that vitamin C may play a protective role against detrimental effects of mobile phone radiation in brain tissue.
